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Topic: Somatic sensation

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	Somatosensory system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Somatic sensation consists of the various sensory receptors that trigger the experiences labelled as touch or pressure, temperature (warm or cold), pain (including itch and tickle), and the sensations of muscle movement and joint position including posture, movement, and facial expression (collectively also called proprioception).
		Areas of this part of the human brain map to certain areas of the body, dependant on the amount or importance of somatosensory input from that area.
		For example, there is a large area of cortex devoted to sensation in the hands, while the back has a much smaller area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Somatosensory_system (192 words)

	Nervous system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
		The somatic nervous system is responsible for coordinating the body's movements, and also for receiving external stimuli.
		The autonomic nervous system is the involuntary part of the nervous system where all of the internal maintenance is taken care of.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nervous_system (373 words)

	Current and Emerging Issues in Cancer Pain: Research and Practice
		The process by which a somatic sensation such as pain is converted and responded to as a symptom, and the cognitive and emotional factors affecting this process, therefore, should be of interest to both the investigator and clinician who use such reports to study and treat pain.
		Although this model of the conversion of sensations to symptoms was generated to fit the data generated in social psychological studies of fear communications (45), it also has been used to design and interpret studies examining the reduction of stress during medical treatment (35,36).
		These reports indicate that a combination of somatic sensations, e.g., the sensation of a limb and the pain within it, is stored as a perceptual memory (i.e., a perceptual schema) and remains active in memory after the removal of sensory input (61).
	www.painresearch.utah.edu /cancerpain/ch10.html (8982 words)

	Somatic Sensation
		The old view of somatic sensory neuroscience is that the neurons of the brain generate "representations" of objects in the external world <1>, which - when the neurons are electrically active - the mind somehow perceives.
		In fact, our somatic sensory perceptual system prehends (many of) the cells of the body and it is only because of this "feeling of feeling" of the cells of our own body that we are able to come to know our own body in the world.
		The anosognosic patient denies that he or she is paralyzed and neglects stimuli to the left side of the body.
	home.earthlink.net /~icedneuron/en_somatic_sensory.htm (2614 words)

	[No title]
		Somatic Visceral Pain is well-localized and sharp Pain is poorly localized; spreads all over and is dull.
		Somatic motor grey of the ventral horn must innervate both the hypaxial dermomyotomes, (which become the body wall) and the epaxial dermomyotomes.
		A big nerve bundle of somatic motor axons is formed by this (the ventral root), most of which are destined for the hypaxial muscles, but some of which are destined for the epaxial muscles.
	www.uhmc.sunysb.edu /som/students/2003/Lectures/body02.doc (2654 words)

	pain - definition by dict.die.net
		Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart.
		The sensation is generally referred to the peripheral end of the nerve.
		To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him.
	dict.die.net /pain (302 words)

	Somatosensory systems
		Somatic sensation depends upon mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, chemoreceptors thermoreceptors and proprioceptors.
		The sensory modalities of pain and temperature sensation are relayed directly from neurons in the spinal cord, through the spinothalamic tract to the thalamus.
		Smaller-diameter axons carry the sensations of pain and temperature from the face to the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
	www.neurosci.pharm.utoledo.edu /MBC4420/sensory.htm (1699 words)

	Supervision 2: Somatic Sensation and Pain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Somatic sensation can be divided into cutaneous sensation ('touch') and proprioception.
		Although pain is often described as a form of somatic sensation, it is debatable how closely it fits this classification.
		Cutaneous sensation is very noisy, as the background firing rate is relatively high and the firing rate at physiological stimulus intensities is not many times higher - compare this to vision, where the background firing rate is extremely low, allowing very high sensitivity and accuracy.
	www-staff.psychiatry.cam.ac.uk /~dew22/supervisions/notes/dew-week02-03.htm (1956 words)

	Somatosensory system -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The somatosensory system is the (The body's system of sense organs) sensory system of somatic sensation.
		The primary somatosensory area in the human cortex is located in the (The convolution of parietal lobe that is bounded in front by the central sulcus) postcentral gyrus.
		This somatosensory map is termed the (A tiny fully formed individual that (according to the discredited theory of preformation) is supposed to be present in the sperm cell) homunculus.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/somatosensory_system.htm (183 words)

	Web QnA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is the primary somatic sensory area of the brain, pain, and temperature sensations.
		Somatic and visceral responses to pain, such as changes in respiration and heartbeat, nausea, and fainting are mediated through descending fibers from these structures.
		The anterior spinothalamic tract synapses within the dorsal gray horn cells in the spinal cord and ascend in the anterior spinothalamic tract to the brainstem and the posterior ventral nucleus of the midbrain.
	curriculum.calstatela.edu /WebQnA/webqna.pl?module=tbell2-8&action=printall (3855 words)

	Supervision 4a: Somatic Sensation and Pain (part 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Damage to a spinal nerve will cause a well defined loss of light touch sensation within the dermatome, but other sensory modalities may be more blurred.
		The sensory axons penetrate the dorsal horn of grey matter in the cord to a depth that is largely dependent on their diameter.
		Loss of sensation to a region makes it surprisingly easy to severely damage the body and not notice.
	www-staff.psychiatry.cam.ac.uk /~dew22/supervisions01/week4a.shtml (803 words)

	Gut Feelings
		Again, I should clarify that the somatic sensation need not be in the gut per se; the feeling of heightened perceptivity could be co-occur with a chill in your bones or sweaty hands.
		Furthermore, he maintains that after initial somatic input is linked with a specific type of situation, phenomenon such as gut feelings can arise through a closed circuit within the brain, in other words in the absence of input from or output to the body.
		According to Damasio's "somatic marker hypothesis", there is an important process that must occur in order to set the stage for the phenomenon of gut feelings, and this process most definitely implicates the somatic state of the body.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro00/web2/Wachterman.html (2423 words)

	[No title]
		The general area supplied by that nerve, (somatic or visceral) and the kind of nerve it is (either efferent or afferent).
		Somatic sensation is classified as sensory reception near the surface of the body.
		The sensation in the gut is mostly for unconscious reflexes.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/ua09.wbc (553 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Somatic sensations are the sensations of the body surface, the deep tissues, and the viscera.
		Somatic sensory signals are conveyed along 2 major ascending systems in the spinal cord:
		Receptors in adjacent areas of the peripheral receptive sheet ultimately project to neurons in adjacent areas of the somatic sensory cortex in the CNS.
	www.sfu.ca /~ablaber/lec11.htm (387 words)

	Medial Lateral Extent of Thermal and Pain Sensations Evoked By Microstimulation in Somatic Sensory Nuclei of Human ...
		The cold sensation evoked is indicated by filled circles at the end of the tick to the left of the trajectory.
		The sensation in the area of the pharynx (PF) and the response to swallowing (RF) is indicated by filled circles at the end of the tick to the left and right of the trajectory, respectively.
		Sensations evoked by stimulation with bursts of different numbers of stimuli and frequencies in the region of the human thalamic principal somatosensory nucleus.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/90/4/2367 (6362 words)

	CNS/WH - Spring 98 - Fibromyalgia and IBS
		UCLA studies evaluating visceral sensation have also been performed in these patients using a balloon catheter placed in the rectum and lower large intestine (colon).
		During this study, a visceral stimulus (balloon inflation in the rectum) and a somatic stimulus (pressure applied to a somatic tender point) are given.
		Visceral and somatic perception studies and PET imaging have demonstrated that each of these conditions have specific responses to painful stimuli and that patients with both IBS and FM may have responses to somatic and visceral stimuli that are uniquely different from that of IBS alone and FM alone.
	ibs.med.ucla.edu /Articles/PatientArticleSp98Fibro.htm (879 words)

	Physiology Sense Lab
		Although the sensation cannot be quantified, the strength of the stimulus applied to the sensory terminal can be measured accurately.
		In discriminating the effect on sensation of increasing or decreasing the stimulus, we cannot say that a given sensation is two times as strong as or one-half as strong as another, but we can note the smallest appreciable increase or decrease (i.e., difference) of the sensation.
		One fact to keep in mind is that color sensations (more properly called "hues") are not physical properties of lights and objects but rather private and personal sensory experiences.
	www.elon.edu /shouse/physiology/senselab.html (4340 words)

	NEWSLETTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The catastrophic misinterpretations cause an escalation of the somatic sensation (heart rate increases), in an escalating cycle of sensations and fear, leading to a full-blown panic attack.
		Often the somatic sensations that kicked off the cycle are themselves anxiety symptoms (increased heart rate, lump in the throat, feelings of nausea).
		Thus, in this model, panic is due to "fear of fear." Panickers are afraid of anxiety sensations, and the fear of those sensations leads to their escalation.
	www.sfbacct.com /newsletters/news04-01.html (2163 words)

	Influences of Aging on Taste Perception and Oral Somatic Sensation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To determine the cause of decreased taste perception in older persons, the authors investigated age-related changes in taste perception and somatic sensations in the anterior tongue.
		Recognition thresholds of four basic tastes (sweet, salty, sour, and bitter) and the threshold of irritating sensation induced by capsaicin were measured by local stimulation using filter-paper disks.
		CONCLUSIONS: Significant age-associated deterioration was observed in taste but not somatic sensations such as touch and burning pain in the tongue, showing that aging affects taste perception and oral somatic sensations differently.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_15741292.html (242 words)

	UW - La Crosse Physician Assistant
		The physician assistant must have the knowledge and skills to function in a broad variety of clinical situations and to render a wide spectrum of patient care.
		Therefore candidates for the PA profession and the PA program must have somatic sensation and the functional use of the senses of vision and hearing.
		Observation necessitates the functional use of the sense of vision and somatic sensation.
	www.uwlax.edu /pastudies/admissions/tech_standards.htm (693 words)

	Vertigo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This may be a nonspecific complaint which must be refined further into either an altered somatic sensation (giddiness, wooziness); orthostatic blood pressure changes (lightheadedness, sensation of fainting); or the sensation of the environment (or patient) spinning (true vertigo).
		In inner ear disease, vertigo is virtually always accompanied by nystagmus, which is the ocular compensation for the unreal sensation of spinning; but the nystagmus may be extinguished when the eyes are open and fixed on some point (by the same token, vertigo is usually worse with the eyes closed).
		With a sensation of dysequilibrium or an elderly patient's feeling that he is going to fall, look for peripheral neuropathy, cervical spondylosis, stiff legs and vasodilator medication.
	www.ncemi.org /cse/bak/cse0111.htm (1213 words)

	FreeZone America: L. Kin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		That somatic will be much more intense than the sensation produced by the picture mass that was mocked up by the thetan himself.
		Handling the somatics of such a person by auditing is fairly pointless unless you manage to get the auditee's ethics in on his body.
		In case of a rather complex pattern of somatics one might ask: "What traumatic situation in the life of an organism would create that sort of feeling?" Take any utterance, any sensation or somatic, any "weird idea" occurring instantly after the question, as an answer.
	freezoneamerica.org /lkin/vol4/chapter5h.html (5811 words)

	Differentiation of Visceral and Cutaneous Pain in the Human Brain -- Strigo et al. 89 (6): 3294 -- Journal of ...
		distal and proximal esophageal sensation or anal and rectal
		Robinson CJ and Burton H. Somatic submodality distribution within the second somatosensory (SII), 7b, retroinsular, postauditory, and granular insular cortical areas of M. fascicularis.
		Snow PJ, Lumb BM, and Cervero F. The representation of prolonged and intense, noxious somatic and visceral stimuli in the ventrolateral orbital cortex of the cat.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/6/3294 (6682 words)

	New Page 2
		He studied the effects of life stress on patients, set up a neurosurgical and somatic sensory neurophysiology lab, taught the residents neuroscience and participated in their rounds.
		Since his major studies have been on hair sensation in the somatic sensory system, a German colleague says that when he calls him Herr Doktor he means "H-a-i-r." His francophone colleagues tell him that his title, professeur étranger, is best translated as "strange" professor, not "visiting" professor.
		He won an award for best neurological article in somatic sensation (1976.) His teaching videotape on the neurophysiology of the muscle spindle won an award from the National Media Library.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /dcxh/bio.htm (609 words)

	UMMS Mind Brain and Behavior 1: The Trigeminal Nerve and Somatic Sensation in the Head (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pain and temperature sensations are impaired on the ipsilateral side of the face, but the contralateral side of the body.
		The trigeminal nerve is the major somatic sensory nerve of the face.
		They synapse with neurons of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal to complete the circuit for the jaw jerk, a monosynaptic reflex exactly homologous to muscle stretch reflexes of the limbs, and also synapse in the main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal to convey epicritic messages about the position of the jaw joint.
	courses.umassmed.edu /mbb1/2003/bcv/Somatic.cfm (1436 words)

	Sense of muscular effort and somesthetic afferent information in humans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Laboratory and clinical observations of patients with a large-fiber somatic sensory neuropathy indicate a dramatic inability of these patients to set accurate tonic or phasic levels of muscle activity needed to maintain static postures and to reproduce simple movements.
		These observations suggest that somatic sensation contributes to sensations of motor output, previously thought to be mediated by central mechanisms of corollary discharge.
		The collective results suggest that appreciation of motor output is mediated in part by peripheral return from somatic sensory afferent systems.
	www.bme.jhu.edu /~reza/Abstracts/cjpp_abs.html (207 words)

	NOSOLOGICAL ENTITIES?: Ramsay Hunt syndrome -- Sweeney and Gilden 71 (2): 149 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, ...
		sensation from portions of the ear was not received by afferent
		The spinal nucleus of V receives general somatic afferent fibres from the geniculate zone of the ear via the chorda tympani.
		and the adjacent phaynx, and that the vagal somatic sensory nerve
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/71/2/149 (3864 words)

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