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	ireland.com / Focus / The Somme
		The optimism of the 19th century, the belief that progress was inevitable and that humanity was on a straight road to civilisation, was blown apart in those explosions, sunk in the blood-soaked mud of the Somme, caught on the barbed wire of massive, pitiless and futile slaughter.
		In order to use the memory of the Somme to bolster obedience to authority, it was necessary to forget that the courage and self-sacrifice of the troops was betrayed by the folly of their leaders.
		When the descendants of Thomas Kettle, a prominent nationalist intellectual and MP killed on the Somme, proposed the erection of a small monument to his memory in St Stephen's Green in Dublin, the project was delayed for 20 years because the Commissioners for Public Works would not countenance three simple words: "Killed in France".
	www.ireland.com /focus/thesomme (1099 words)

	Battle of the Somme (1916) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The axis of the advance was centred on the Roman road that ran from Albert in the west to Bapaume 12 miles (19 km) to the northeast.
		In one significant respect, the Battle of the Somme was a major strategic success for the British as on 12 July, in response to the Somme fighting and the situation in the east, Falkenhayn called off the German offensive at Verdun.
		The original Allied estimate of casualties on the Somme, made at the Chantilly conference on 15 November, was 485,000 British and French casualties versus 630,000 German.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme_(1916) (6616 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Battle of the Somme, 1916
		Comprising the main Allied attack on the Western Front during 1916, the Battle of the Somme is famous chiefly on account of the loss of 58,000 British troops (one third of them killed) on the first day of the battle, 1 July 1916, which to this day remains a one-day record.
		The attack was launched upon a 30 kilometre front, from north of the Somme river between Arras and Albert, and ran from 1 July until 18 November, at which point it was called off.
		The German Verdun offensive transformed the intent of the Somme attack; the French demanded that the planned date of the attack, 1 August 1916, be brought forward to 1 July, the aim chiefly being to divert German resources from Verdun in the defence of the Somme.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/somme.htm (1956 words)

	Somme : Texts : Personal Accounts : Old Front Line
		Perhaps half of the men engaged in the Battle of the Somme passed underneath her as they marched up to the line, and, glancing up, hoped that she might not come down till they were past.
		The mud of the Somme, which will be remembered by our soldiers long after they have forgotten the shelling, was worse at Thiepval than elsewhere, or, at least, could not have been worse elsewhere.
		On the south or left bank of the Somme River the ground was held by the French.
	leoklein.com /itp/somme/texts/masefield_1917.html (20064 words)

	Trenches on the Web - Special: Tragedy on the Somme
		This sunny morning on the Somme was the worst moment in British history.
		The Somme - and Verdun - were the two greatest military follies of the 20th Century.
		The Somme battlefield, with its grim constellation of military cemeteries, stand as silent warnings of the dangers of blind nationalism and military incompetence.
	www.worldwar1.com /sfsomme.htm (974 words)

	Battle of the Somme - MSN Encarta
		Battles of the Somme, two important series of battles fought by the British and the French against German forces during World War I (1914-1918), in the Somme River area in France.
		In this, the Allies were successful, because the Germans abandoned the Verdun offensive on July 16, 1916, and by the end of November had retreated from the Somme River to a previously prepared line of fortification and trenches, known as the Hindenburg Line.
		In the Second Battle of the Somme, also known as the Battle of Saint Quentin, 30 British and 15 French divisions were engaged against 100 German divisions, resulting in about 200,000 British casualties and loss of 190,000 prisoners to the Germans, and about 180,000 German casualties.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567029/Battles_of_the_Somme.html (458 words)

	Somme Diary at Hellfire Corner - Beaumont Hamel
		Depending on the individual's point of view, the soldiers of the Somme were full of genuinely-felt expectation of success, or they were doomed from the very start.
		The cemeteries have their deliberately-planted trees and the large trees of the Newfoundland Memorial Park, together with the nearby clump marking the Hawthorn Redoubt mine crater are a notable landmark and orientation point, standing on their high ground and visible from most parts of this area.
		One of the first things you notice, on the Somme, is that the distances involved are very, very small.
	www.fylde.demon.co.uk /day1.htm (2411 words)

	Search Results for "Somme"
		Tanks were first used in warfare during the devastating Battle of the Somme (1916)....
		Somme, river, France, river, c.150 mi (240 km) long, rising near Saint-Quentin, N France, and flowing generally NW past Amiens into the English Channel; connected...
		BACK from the Somme two Fusiliers Limped painfully home; the elder said, S. Robert, I ve lived three thousand years This Summer, and I m nine parts dead.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Somme (270 words)

	French Departmental Information for Somme
		The Bay of the Somme is the largest estuary in Northern France and is an extraordinary place to observe bird life as well as its resident colony of seals.
		On either side of the estuary are the towns of St Valery sur Somme with its bustling marina and Le Crotoy with its miles of south facing sandy beaches.
		The Quartier St Leu is crossed by the canals of the Somme and 300 hectares of gardens are divided by 55 kilometres of small canals, emanating from the river.
	www.sifex.co.uk /department_details.asp?id=58&RID=20 (412 words)

	Somme Institute
		The Somme Institute is committed to the development of cosmeceuticals with visible, confirmed scientific benefits.
		Since keeping their skin in optimal condition is critical to their careers, they have an even greater demand for a skin care regimen that delivers the perfect complexions they are required to project.
		Through the use of sophisticated UV photography, the Somme Institute was able to detect which ingredients delivered results, and which were ineffective.
	www.sommeinstitute.com /html/whoweare.htm (206 words)

	The Somme 1916, Fromelles, Pozieres, Mouquet Farm
		This attack was expected to deter the Germans from rushing troops from that region to the area of the main Allied thrust on the Somme.
		The Somme battle which had begun on 1 July 1916 was the bloodiest of the whole war, with the soldiers enduring unimaginable horrors.
		The charnel house of the Somme was the hardest and bloodiest campaign fought by the British in the war.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-battles/ww1/france/somme-1916.htm (2713 words)

	Newfoundland Regiment: The Somme, 1916
		The Somme offensive in the summer of 1916 had its origins in Anglo-French plans to bring the war to a rapid close.
		In consequence, the Somme offensive became a largely British effort, designed to relieve beleaguered French troops at Verdun, and to cause a decisive breakthrough in the German lines.
		The Somme laid waste to Kitchener’s Army, raised amidst the enthusiasm of the first year of the war.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /greatwar/articles/somme.html (1804 words)

	The Somme - Veterans Affairs Canada
		The Battle of the Somme was not a one day affair, and the fighting continued, notably with a largely successful dawn attack by the British on July 14, through the summer months.
		One German officer described the Somme as "the muddy graveyard of the German Army," for the British it turned an army of eager, inexperienced recruits into a fighting machine on a par with those of France and Germany, but at a terrible cost in human life.
		The Somme had cost Canada 24,029 casualties, but it was here that the Canadians confirmed their reputation as hard-hitting shock troops.
	www.vac-acc.gc.ca /general/sub.cfm?source=history/firstwar/canada/Canada8 (1425 words)

	The Great War . Historians . Peter Simkins \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		And this combination of circumstances on the first day of the Somme means that on the right flank of the British line, things are done better, things are done properly.
		The Germans also lose heavily on the Somme, and the learning curve of the British Expeditionary Force and the Dominion Forces in the First World War, I think, really begins at this point.
		This is the first appearance of tanks during the Battle of the Somme – that needs to be shaken down, if you like, into a working tactical system.
	www.pbs.org /greatwar/historian/hist_simkins_06_somme.html (655 words)

	South Belfast Friends of the Somme Association
		My mother is more than grateful for the work and time the South Belfast Friends of the Somme Association have taken to find this information for her, as for many years she has wondered about her uncle and whether he did have a grave.
		The Somme Association has a wonderful website which is well worth seeing and has many letters from all over the world and from both sides of our community.
		South Belfast Friends of the Somme Association and its website belfastsomme.com do not necessarily agree with all comments and statements made in the guest book, and cannot be held responsible for the content of external links placed on the guestbook.
	www.belfastsomme.com /news_2003.htm (1250 words)

	::The Battle of the Somme::
		For many people, the Battle of the Somme was the battle that symbolised the horrors of warfare in World War One; this one battle had a marked effect on overall casualty figures and seemed to epitomise the futility of trench warfare.
		Ironically, going over the top at the Somme was the first taste of battle many of these men had, as many were part of "Kitchener’s Volunteer Army" persuaded to volunteer by posters showing Lord Kitchener himself summoning these men to arms to show their patriotism.
		Ironically, the head of the French Army, General Foch, believed that the attack in the Somme would achieve little - this view was shared by some leading British commanders such as General Henry Rawlinson.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /somme.htm (1248 words)

	Somme (Department, France)
		The real fun consists in crossing the Bay of Somme at low tide, through sand beads, mud flats and low-depth channels, until reaching the beach of Le Crotoy, on the other side of the Bay, and running back to Saint-Valery before rising tide.
		The places with "low visibility" are the crossings of crevasses made in the silt by the arms of the Somme; these crevasses can be up to 1 m in depth and lenght and are expected to be dry at the time of the race.
		The fords are the crossings of the "alive" arms of the Somme, where competitors might be in water up to their waist (the deepest fords are watched by the firefighters and there is an helicopter of the Army with medical equipment and doctors on board watching the race).
	www.fotw.net /flags/fr-80.html (519 words)

	The Battle of the Somme
		In the area of the River Somme the arrival of the first pale glimmerings of light brought with it a little drizzly rain.
		On the Somme in 1916, for the whole length of the line, British soldiers would have to attack uphill, very often cross open land, and into the teeth of very well planned German defensive positions of trenches, redoubts, and fortified villages.
		But, many French troops had been drafted from the Somme to give aid to their comrades at Verdun and the role of those left had necessarily to be very much reduced.
	www.ramsdale.org /somme.htm (4421 words)

	The National Archives \| Exhibitions & Learning online \| First World War \| Battles
		The Somme offensive became a predominantly British operation, in the hands of the commander-in-chief of the British army in France,
		However, during the last phase of the Somme offensive in October and November, the Germans held their ground against a series of unsuccessful attacks.
		In his draft plan of the Somme attack, Rawlinson envisaged a bold advance in which the Allies killed 'as many Germans as possible with the least loss to ourselves'.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /pathways/firstworldwar/battles/somme.htm (658 words)

	Somme 1916 - A Battlefield Companion
		Somme 1916, Gerald Gliddon's lavishly illustrated topographical survey of the Somme battlefield, first published in 1987 to critical acclaim, has become a classic reference for all those interested in this most horrific of First World War battles, which caused over a million casualties.
		This edition of Somme 1916 has been greatly expanded and updated to include a Somme diary, a new selection of contemporary illustrations, a complete order of battle for the British and German forces in the Somme for July to November 1916 and a listing of 'lost cemeteries'.
		Also included in Somme 1916 is a full history of the current cemeteries and memorials, thumbnail biographies of all the senior officers to fall, as well as the winners of the Victoria Cross and those who were 'shot at dawn'.
	www.haynes.co.uk /webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/BookFeature_Somme1916View?langId=-1&storeId=10051&catalogId=10051 (410 words)

	The Battle of the Somme (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the West, the region of the Somme was chosen for a joint French and British assault about mid-year.
		While the Canadian Corps did not arrive at the Somme until the end of August, the 1st Newfoundland Regiment was in it from the start.
		The Regiment returned to the Somme in October and again distinguished itself in an Allied attack near the village of Gueudecourt.
	www.cdli.ca /beaumont/somme.htm (994 words)

	Defence Internet \| Defence News \| In Depth
		One of the Somme's forgotten battles, and The Cambridgeshire Regiment's finest hour, has been commemorated at the battlefield itself by a group of Cambridgeshire veterans, serving...
		According to military historian John Hughes Wilson, the Battle of the Somme was "a nasty...
		While the Battle of the Somme on the ground was raging, the aerial battle was just as fierce.
	www.mod.uk /DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/InDepth/BattleOfTheSomme90thAnniversary.htm (396 words)

	Battle of the Somme
		Whenever the weather was appropriate, General Sir Douglas Haig ordered further attacks on German positions at the Somme and on the 13th November the BEF captured the fortress at Beaumont Hamel.
		One of the most important lessons drawn from the Battle of the Somme is that, under heavy, methodical artillery fire, the front line should be only thinly held, but by reliable men and a few machine guns, even when there is always a possibility of a hostile attack.
		There are some who from their manner of reasoning would appear to believe that no battle is worth fighting unless it produces an immediately decisive result which is as foolish as it would be to argue that in a prize fight no blow is worth delivering save the one that knocks the opponent out.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWsomme.htm (8492 words)

	90 years on, the Somme remembered \| The Guardian \| Guardian Unlimited
		Here is one of the enduring images of the Somme, which even after 90 years retains its fascination for a generation reared on Blackadder.
		The Somme is perceived as the great betrayal of innocents - and of the old working class in khaki - by Britain's ruling caste in breeches and glossy riding boots.
		He shared with most of his subordinates a pathetic faith in the power of artillery bombardment, and an almost unlimited willingness to keep attacking, even when battle after battle demonstrated that his offensives were profiting only the manufacturers of headstones.
	www.guardian.co.uk /frontpage/story/0,,1810319,00.html (1250 words)

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