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Topic: Somoza

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Anastasio Somoza

Anastasio Somoza Debayle

Luis Somoza Debayle

Anastasio Somoza Garcia

Family dictatorship

History of Nicaragua

Pedro Chamorro

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President of Nicaragua

Daniel Ortega

Nicaragua

Politics of Nicaragua

Reagan administration

Ali Khamenei

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	Anastasio Somoza Debayle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anastasio Somoza Debayle (December 5, 1925 – September 17, 1980) was officially the forty-fourth and forty-fifth President of Nicaragua from May 1, 1967 to May 1, 1972 and from December 1, 1972 to July 17, 1979.
		However, prior to that, Somoza worked out an agreement allowing him to stand for reelection in 1974; he would be replaced as president by a three-man junta consisting of two Liberals and one Conservative while retaining control of the National Guard.
		Anastasio Somoza Debayle was assassinated in Asunción, Paraguay, at the age of 54, by a commando team led by the Argentinian Enrique Gorriaran Merlo the ex-ERP (Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo) member.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle (834 words)

	Anastasio Somoza Debayle killer file
		Somoza García's younger son, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, takes over as National Guard director, launching a major reprisal campaign during which political opponents are tortured and imprisoned, the press is censored and civil liberties are suspended.
		The subsequent looting of the city by the National Guard and revelation that the Somoza family and members of the National Guard are embezzling most of the international aid for the victims of the disaster turns almost all political figures against the regime, a development that is only strengthened by the country's rapid economic decline.
		Somoza Debayle's son, Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero, the former commander of a National Guard unit accused of widespread human rights violations, plans to return to the country from exile in Guatemala.
	www.moreorless.au.com /killers/somoza.html (2686 words)

	Somoza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Somoza was the name of an influential political dynasty in Nicaragua.
		Anastasio Somoza Debayle was educated at the La Salle Military Academy on Long Island and then went to college at West Point.
		President Somoza was president of Nicaragua until he was overthrown by the Sandinistas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Somoza (116 words)

	Somoza Dynasty -- Experience Nicaragua
		Somoza was the real ruling power throughout his entire career even though he sometimes let others take the presidency as puppet leaders.
		Luis Somoza Debayle, the politically-oriented eldest son of Anastasio Somoza García, who was educated at Louisiana State University, the University of California, and the University of Maryland, assumed the presidency under a provision in the constitution for the possible sudden death of his father.
		Somoza began to realize that his system might be doomed and he began to transfer his assets, calculated at $500 million, out of Nicaragua.
	library.thinkquest.org /17749/somoza.html (2066 words)

	Somoza, Anastasio articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Somoza Debayle, Anastasio SOMOZA DEBAYLE, ANASTASIO [Somoza Debayle, Anastasio], 1925-80, president of Nicaragua (1967-72, 1974â”79).
		Somoza, Anastasio SOMOZA, ANASTASIO [Somoza, Anastasio], 1896-1956, president of Nicaragua (1937-47, 1950-56).
		Somoza Debayle, Luis SOMOZA DEBAYLE, LUIS [Somoza Debayle, Luis], 1922-67, president of Nicaragua (1957-63).
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/12082.html (320 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nicaragua - The Somoza Era, 1936-74 \| Nicaraguan Information Resource
		Somoza García built an immense fortune for himself and his family during the 1940s through substantial investments in agricultural exports, especially in coffee and cattle.
		Somoza García again was elected president in general elections held in 1950.
		Somoza García was succeeded as president by his eldest son Luis Somoza Debayle.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/nicaragua/nicaragua21.html (2188 words)

	Building Her Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Her fears were unfounded, though, and Somoza won the scholarship, which is awarded to an architecture student on the basis of academic merit and recommendations from professors.
		Somoza knew that even if she didn't win the scholarship, the competition was still a great experience.
		The competition was, in Somoza's words, "a real project with a real client." It was sponsored by Savannah real estate developer Douglas Kaufman and was a component of the architecture department's Studio IV course, which emphasizes the role of context in architectural design.
	www.scad.edu /alumni/giving/story01.cfm (393 words)

	The Seattle Times: Sports: Somoza gets his chance with Sounders
		Somoza's future appeared cemented with the Portland Timbers after he signed a two-year contract a month before the 2003 A-League season.
		After rehabbing his injured ankle, Somoza finally saw his first action this year July 7 when he was inserted as a substitute in the 73rd minute of a 1-0 win over Edmonton.
		Somoza provides key roles on many Sounders set plays on offense as he takes all corner kicks and free kicks from the left side.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/sports/2002021774_sounders01.html (695 words)

	Sobaka :: Iran Contra: Nicaraguan Beginnings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Somozas continued to spout the anti-communist diatribes that made their father so popular in the States and were among the first heads of state to condemn Castro's revolution in Cuba.
		Somoza's reputation suffered further tarnishing when the National Guard joined in with looters after a huge earthquake struck Managua in 1972 and Somoza himself managed to divert much of the relief aid to his own purposes, growing his fortune to $400 million by 1974.
		Somoza dug in his heels and declared his intention to stay in office until his term expired in 1981.
	www.diacritica.com /sobaka/2003/icnicaragua.html (3206 words)

	Nicaragua - The Somoza Era, 1936-74
		Somoza García controlled political power, directly as president or indirectly through carefully chosen puppet presidents, from 1936 until his assassination in 1956.
		A cynical and opportunistic individual, Somoza García ruled Nicaragua with a strong arm, deriving his power from three main sources: the ownership or control of large portions of the Nicaraguan economy, the military support of the National Guard, and his acceptance and support from the United States.
		The Luis Somoza Debayle government played a leading role in the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961, allowing the Cuban exile brigade to use military bases on the Caribbean coast to launch the failed maneuver.
	countrystudies.us /nicaragua/11.htm (2029 words)

	SSHL: Collections: Latin American Studies: Elections
		Walter 1993: “Somoza’s conciliatory attitude toward members of his own party was not repeated in June, when the streets of Managua witnessed the first widespread urban disturbances since the demonstrations of early 1936 that preceded Somoza’s rise to power” (page 130).
		With the constitutional niceties observed the new Somoza government in all but name was recognized diplomatically… [Somoza’s] excuse for the toppling of Argüello was that he was supposed to have been working with the communists.
		Blackford 1992: “In 1950, the first accord between the Somoza regime and the Conservative Party was reached...A 60-40 division of power in the legislature (60 percent of the representation went to the Liberals and 40 percent went to the Conservatives) allowed the Conservatives a voice in the legislature and in government appointments.
	sshl.ucsd.edu /collections/las/nicaragua/1937.html (10411 words)

	Special Education - Mary Somoza: Mom, Special Ed Advocate and College Grad
		In the case of Mary Somoza, heroism comes in the form of a blonde-haired woman with an Irish accent who’s fought the powers that be every step of the way to get equal treatment for her children.
		Somoza did what she had to do because her twins, Alba and Anastasia, suffer from cerebral palsy and have been quadriplegics from birth.
		Not surprisingly, Somoza’s rule of thumb is “nothing is impossible.” “My advice to parents in similar situations is, “Attack the problem!” she said.
	www.educationupdate.com /archives/2002/april_02/htmls/speced_somoza.html (688 words)

	somozatacho (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Somoza increased the salaries of the common soldiers by 50% and that of officers by 20%, thus insuring gratitude and loyalty to himself.
		Somoza was ruthless (as he would say "bullets for my enemies, bucks for my friends") with his adversaries and magnanimous with his supporters.
		Somoza was rushed to Managua and from there flown, courtesy of the American Embassy, to the American Military Hospital in Panama.
	www.ans.edu.ni /Academics/history/somozatacho.html (1580 words)

	Accuracy In Media - Weekly Columns - SOMOZA: "U.S. PUT GIN AT MY HEAD"
		Somoza told Jack Cox, whose exclusive interview appeared in the Houston Chronicle on October 14, that he had asked U.S. officials who were pressuring him to resign to find a responsible non-Marxist leader in the opposition camp who could handle the presidency of Nicaragua.
		Somoza said: "Never in my wildest dreams did I think the U.S. would be part of a plot to place their strongest ally and supporter in the hands of the communists." he contends that this is just what happened.
		Somoza said that he had remained in Miami only a few days after fleeing from Nicaragua because of threats that Deputy Secretary of State Christopher and our Ambassador to Nicaragua, Lawrence Pezzullo, made to him.
	www.aim.org /publications/weekly_column/1979/11/02.html (784 words)

	somozatachito (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Somoza did not pay heed to American demands, comfortable in the belief that he was the best friend that the United States ever had.
		Somoza read a brief note informing them that he would be leaving the country and was formally resigning his post.
		Anastasio Somoza Debayle was killed in Asuncion on September 17, 1980 by a terrorist group atuned with the Sandinista ideals.
	www.ans.edu.ni /Academics/history/somozatachito.html (3192 words)

	Catalog: Somoza & Smith Fine Art Auction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Somoza & Smith Fine Art Auction is a culmanation of all types of art ranging from Old Masters to Contemporary.
		Somoza and Smith reserves the right to withdraw any property before or after the sale and shall have no liability whatsoever for such withdrawal.
		No lot will be released to the buyer until payment in full has been made to Somoza and Smith including the buyer’s premium and any applicable taxes or has satisfied any terms which have been agreed to prior to the auction.
	www.liveauctions.ebay.com /catalogs/5710 (1040 words)

	Nicaragua: History
		Although Somoza resigned from office in May, 1972, handing power to the governing council, he retained effective control of the country as head of the armed forces and leader of the NLP.
		Somoza returned to the presidency in 1974 as objections to his regime increased.
		Violent clashes between the Somoza government and the opposition mounted throughout the 1970s until in 1979 the FSLN and UDEL toppled the Somoza government.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0859996.html (1125 words)

	Somoza, Anastasio on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SOMOZA, ANASTASIO [Somoza, Anastasio], 1896-1956, president of Nicaragua (1937-47, 1950-56).
		He was accused (1948) by Costa Rica of aiding a group of rebels bent on overthrowing the liberal regime in that country.
		Somoza's economic czar denounces the IMF: an interview with Francisco Lainez.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s/somoza-a.asp (283 words)

	Nicaragua The End of the Anastasio Somoza Debayle Era - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, ...
		The dictatorship's repression of civil liberties and the lack of representative institutions slowly led to the consolidation of the opposition and armed resistance.
		President Somoza had no alternative but to meet most of the rebels' demands, including the release of sixty FSLN guerrillas from prison, media dissemination of an FSLN declaration, a US$500,000 ransom, and safe passage for the hostage takers to Panama and Venezuela.
		The Somoza regime was further isolated and discredited when in November the Organization of American States (OAS) Inter-American Commission on Human Rights published a report charging the National Guard with numerous violations of human rights.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/nicaragua/nicaragua_history_the_end_of_the_anastasio_somoza_debayle_era.html (995 words)

	HeraldNet: E-W alum Somoza enjoys life as a Sounder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SEATTLE - Ben Somoza realizes how lucky he is. When he was a star soccer player at Edmonds-Woodway High School in the late 1990s, he hoped one day he'd be able to carve out a career in professional soccer, something that in the United States is no easy task.
		But not only is Somoza living his dream, he's doing it in his home town, and he couldn't feel better about it.
		Somoza said he's beginning to feel like a veteran, especially after helping the team to the championship last year.
	www.heraldnet.com /stories/06/05/07/100spo_c6somoza001.cfm (999 words)

	The Athenian Murders - José Carlos Somoza
		This conflict between the abstract ("the cave of ideas") and the tangible is central to the novel -- something Somoza, apparently unfamiliar with the concept of subtlety, sledgehammers home at every possible point.
		Somoza doesn't have a delicate touch, and his footnote-writing translator doesn't convince most of the time.
		José Carlos Somoza was born in Cuba in 1959 and now lives in Spain.
	www.complete-review.com /reviews/espana/somozajc.htm (1637 words)

	Dictator Biographies
		Persistent rumours were that this was undertaken on the orders of Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero (Tacho III) Somoza’s eldest son, who wanted him out of the way for when he assumed the presidency after his father, who by now was ill. Tacho II’s illness was the topic of wild rumour.
		Rather fittingly, Anastasio Somoza Debayle (Tacho II) was himself assassinated in Paraguay in 1980, whilst residing as a guest of another grand dictator, Alfredo Stroessner.
		Somoza’s car was hit by a rocket fired from a launcher in a nearby building, as the families chauffeur of 35 years drove him through the streets of the capital Asuncion; their bodies tangled in the wrecked car, the motor of which was still running.
	www.strategyplanet.com /tropico/dictators2.shtml (3939 words)

	"Somoza Debayle, Luis, 1922-1967" Correspondence: Thomas Merton Center
		Merton pleads with Somoza for the release of the Catholic youth who protested in Nicaragua and were imprisoned by the government.
		The eldest son of the former dictator, Anastasio Somoza Garcia, he was a nationalist and a supporter of some liberal social reforms.
		Somoza resided in the capital of Managua, Nicaragua.
	www.merton.org /Research/Correspondence/zb4f6-2.html (291 words)

	President Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Nicaragua & Sayville history, lora family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tachito" Somoza was not born cruel, but became evil because of his treatment as a child when in Sayville.
		According to human rights officials, Somoza was the cruelest of all dictators of the 20th century.
		Writer Melissa Pingree said, "Somoza exceeded his predecessors in power and brute cruelty." According to the "An Account of the Nicaraguan Revolution," by Daniel Raisbeck, "Somoza employed greater cruelty..." and "...not uncommon to find bodies rotting on the side of a country road, or hanging from a tree.
	www.geocities.com /sayswamp/somoza.htm (608 words)

	A Short History of Nicaragua, Dave Kopel, Independence Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Arturo Cruz, a wealthy banker and opponent of Somoza, joined the revolution after being assured there would be honest elections on all levels, that the economy would allow private enterprise, and that the army would be non-political.
		All the Americans had to do was express their wishes to Somoza, and he took care of running the rest of the country.
		As the war against Somoza illustrates, most Nicaraguans will stay out of the cross-fire, and hesitate to oppose a dictatorship until it becomes clear that the dictatorship is on its way out.
	www.davekopel.org /Misc/Nicaragua.htm (7695 words)

	Timeline: Nicaragua
		1936: Anastasio Somoza founds a brutal dictatorship, fueled by U.S. funds, which is passed from father to son to brother for over 43 years.
		Somoza dispatches an interventionist military force to Costa Rica.
		Martial law is declared; and Somoza Debayle is made Chief Executive of the Nicaraguan government.
	www.stanford.edu /group/arts/nicaragua/discovery_eng/timeline (1103 words)

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