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Topic: Sonata form

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	Sonata Forms - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It is sometimes known as the "binary" form; but as some eminent writers classify its later development as "ternary," we shall here avoid both terms, and refer to it in its earlier manifestations as the "suite" form, and in its later as the "sonata" form.
		It was easy for the early composers of sonatas to introduce theatrical features into their instrumental music; for the very fact that the sonata forms were in polyphonic days the forms of lighter music is a consequence of their original identity with the forms of stage-music and dance (see Overture and Symphony).
		Sonata form is frequently used in them by Haydn and Mozart with the success attainable only by the greatest masters of rhythmic flow; but even in their works the development is apt to be episodic in character, and is very often omitted.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sonata_Forms (5480 words)

	Sonata Form
		Sonata form is both a way of organizing the composition of a work and a way of analyzing an existing work.
		Sonata form came to dominate many forms of musical composition during the Classical era, and was defined and made central to concert music in the Romantic era.
		The sonata form is a guide to composers as to the schematic for their works, for interpreters to understand the grammar and meaning of a work, and listeners to understand the significance of musical events.
	www.it-careernet.com /piano/sonataform.htm (2647 words)

	Sonata
		The piano sonatas of Scriabin would begin from standard forms of the late romantic period in music, but would progressively abandon the formal markers which were taught, and would be composed as single movement works, he is sometimes thought of as a composer on the boundary between romantic and modern practice of the sonata.
		As a form, it was compared to the baroque fugue as being at the pinnacle of formal organization, and generations of composers, instrumentalists and audiences were guided by the understanding of sonata as an idea.
		Instead, many important works of the sonata genre or sonata form were not analyzed comprehensively in terms of their thematic and harmonic resources until after the beginning of the 20th century.
	www.it-careernet.com /piano/sonata.htm (2980 words)

	sonata. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		As the various instrumental forms acquired differentiated characteristics during the baroque period, the term began to identify two specific types: the sonata de chiesa, or church sonata, and the sonata da camera, or chamber sonata.
		sonatas for groups of instruments began to be designated string quartet and symphony, and the term sonata was limited to pieces for one keyboard instrument or for one solo instrument (e.g., violin) with keyboard accompaniment.
		Sonata form is employed in the string quartet, in the symphony, and to some extent in the concerto, as well as in the solo sonata.
	www.bartleby.com /65/so/sonata.html (528 words)

	Musical Forms - Sonata Form
		The main form of the group embodying the 'sonata principle', the most important principle of musical structure from the Classical period to the 20th century: that material first stated in a complementary key be restated in the home key.
		Sonata form applies to a single movement, most often part of a multi-movement work such as a sonata, symphony or string quartet; independent movements, e.g.
		Sonata form has nevertheless served for some of the most ambitious and impressive tonal music of the 20th century by composers as different as Strauss and Hindemith, Elgar and Britten, Prokofiev and Shostakovich, and has even shaped movements (e.g.
	w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de /cmp/g_sonata_form.html (558 words)

	A little history of the Sonata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		But in the eighteenth century it was applied to a particular form of composition that came to dominate almost all instrumental music.
		Sonata form occupies a central place in the work of the classical composers from Haydn to Mahler.
		In it, he expounds each of the elements from which the sonata form had grown- an opening fugue; a single theme scherzo;a central aria with variations; and a 'sonata within a sonata' on the inverted fugue.
	www.classicalworks.com /html/articles/sonata.html (464 words)

	Sonata Form [M.Tevfik DORAK]
		Sonata form is used to create a drama by setting up a conflict between two keys in the exposition, working out this conflict in the development, and reaching a resolution at the recapitulation
		A movement in sonata form consists of the sections called exposition, development, and recapitulation (and the optional ones, introduction and coda).
		The Eroica also represents a typical example of Beethoven's personal characteristics in his approach to the sonata form: the use of motifs rather than themes as principal structural material (consequently extensive developments), the presence of groups in place of single themes, interest in sudden key changes and far-reaching modulations [p.408 and 420 in Ref.3].
	members.tripod.com /~dorakmt/music/sform.html (3897 words)

	Sonata - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		The term sonata form refers to the musical form typical of...
		Sonata Form, the most important musical form of the Classical period (c.
		The sonatas of Mozart are unique; they are too easy for children, and too difficult for artists.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Sonata.html (164 words)

	Sonata - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Sonata (Italian sonare,”to sound”), musical composition for one or more instruments.
		Sonata Form, a structure, based on the contrast of keys, that dominated Western music of the classical style, from about 1750 to about 1820.
		It consists of several movements, at least one of which is in sonata form.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Sonata.html (152 words)

	sonata
		But more important than the form as a patern is the unifying principle behind it, which, I believe, is not to be found in its bithematicism, or its developmental aspect, or its binary or ternary (take your choice!) structure.
		The exposition is often repeated, reflecting the origins of sonata form in a binary form.
		Sonata form historians have posited a "rule" whereby one new theme may be introduced in either the devlopment or the recapitulation.
	www.lsu.edu /faculty/jperry/virtual_textbook/sonata.htm (1673 words)

	JamBands.Com - August 1999 - Mozart... Jambands... Huh? The Sonata Form in Jam Band music
		Mozart is recognized as solidifying the Sonata form after its genesis in Italy during the late 17th century.
		The sonata idea means "something (A), then a different thing (B), then back to the original or something similar to it (A)." I'll explain where, how and possibly why this A-B-A format is being used.
		His sonata form emphasized the types and speeds of dances and their ordering in groups of three.
	www.jambands.com /aug99/features/sonata.html (1550 words)

	Bernstein's Studio - Young People's Concerts - What is Sonata Form?
		You see, a sonata is a piece, usually in several movements, that has a certain basic musical form; and when that form is used in a piece for a solo instrument, like a piano, or violin or flute, or a solo instrument with piano accompaniment, the piece is called a sonata.
		But the form is harder to understand because grasping the form of a piece means seeing it all at once, or I should say hearing it all at once, which is of course impossible since music takes place in time instead of in space.
		And this first movement form, which is known as sonata form, laid the foundations of the symphony as we have known it from that time, almost two hundred years ago right into our own twentieth century.
	www.leonardbernstein.com /studio/element.asp?id=401 (2993 words)

	ronMark.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		To be sure, form is not the only thing that can be at the heart of what is structurally significant in any music, if structure refers to what is going on underneath surface schemata and the events that are happening (i.e.
		But, though they may be the carriers of form, though they be the concrete instances in succession through which form is articulated, they are not the form.
		In this case, the impoverished distinction between the themes would be attributed, not to the lack of reality of the form, but to the means and techniques of the composer, which historically had not reached the point where a highly differentiated theme, or theme group, could be made to seem logical, or coherent.
	www.msu.edu /user/sullivan/RonMarkForm.html (697 words)

	The Symphony - Forms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		From the Classical period onwards, composers have used Sonata Form to provide the basic framework for their symphonies.
		A knowledge of Sonata Form is crucial if you want to understand the great symphonies.
		Mozart's Sonata Form is clear-cut and easy to understand, so it's the best place to start.
	library.thinkquest.org /22673/forms1.html (145 words)

	Sonata
		The style is still traceable in the sonatas of the later classics, whenever a first movement is in a uniform rush of rapid motion, as in Mozart's violin sonata in F (Kochel's Catalogue, No. 377), and in several of
		to compose in sonata form, and works in traditional sonata structure continue to be composed and performed.
		would compose three sonatas in the early 1950's, which while they were neither tonal, nor laid out in the standard four movement form, were intended to have the same importance as sonatas.
	www.mp3.fm /Sonata.htm (2894 words)

	Beethoven Piano Sonatas
		Beethoven proved his achievement and mastery that show the varied characters of the sonatas, the dynamic element in the first sonata in F minor, the more lyric character in the second sonata in A major, and the concert-type of virtuosity in the third sonata in C major.
		Enriching the sonata form by extending the length was a specific inclination in his compositions at that time.
		This sonata was published by S.A. Steiner in 1815 and dedicated to Count Morits von Lichnowsky; it also gave a description of the count's love affair with his second wife.
	www.gate.net /~nnomoto/beethoven/sonatas2.htm (1826 words)

	Amazon.ca: Sonata Forms: Books: Charles Rosen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Sonatas are generally thought of as being always organized into exposition, development, and recapitulation, but, writes Rosen, "...it is very dubious that a unique sonata form can be so defined even for a single decade of the late eighteenth-century," and he goes on to prove why it can't.
		Information about sonata form is here to be had, but only for those willing to suffer the author's turgid prose, circular arguments, evasiveness, and haughty sense of malicious "humor".
		This is a very good book which thouroughly discusses sonata form and the way it is dealt with as a style.
	www.amazon.ca /Sonata-Forms-Charles-Rosen/dp/0393302199 (491 words)

	CLASSICAL I
		We should not think of "musical form" as a preexisting concept to which a composer feels forced to adapt his/her expression; rather, symphonic form was created and recreated in so many works that composers found it liberating rather than a confining formal concept.
		Furthermore, sonata form is found in movements from other forms such as symphonies, sonatas, concertos, and string quartets.
		The term Sonata Allegro refers to the basic form of the Sonata of the Baroque period (i.e.
	www.aug.edu /~cshotwel/2002HUMN/Sonataform.html (1328 words)

	Baroque Sonatas
		All of the movements in a Classical sonata could be in the same key and ornamentation was written out by the composer, rather than left to the discretion of the performer as was done in the Baroque period.
		The sonata as a musical composition has since been borrowed for other types of instrumentation in addition to the one or two part solo with basso continuo accompaniment used in the Baroque period.
		For example, the symphony as a composition is in reality a sonata for orchestra, the string quartet is a sonata for a quartet, and the concerto is a sonata for solo instrument(s) with the orchestra as the accompaniment.
	www.svsu.edu /flutee/Sonatas.html (968 words)

	Sonata Development
		Essentially, the changes made to develop the sonata-allegro form was on open modulatory plan from the binary form, open tonal organizations, thematic development and the recapitulation, and thematic contrast and function between themes and sections.
		The development of sonata form depended on the development of the classical style which included homophonic textures, slower harmonic rhythms, and broader key areas.
		Mozart's contribution to sonata form is the modulation to the dominant.
	sweb.uky.edu /~jrdaug0/sonata.html (837 words)

	Form
		Sonata form is essentially a dramatic form based on the generation of conflict.
		The form for the entire movement is thus A (minuet with internal repeats) B (trio with repeats) A' (without internal repeats).
		The Rondo is a kind of "refrain" form in which an A section alternates either with one or more contrasting sections.
	www.princeton.edu /~wbheller/form.htm (365 words)

	Musical Forms - Sonata
		In the early phase the forms are single-movement or multi-sectional, in the manner of the canzona.
		Among forms used for inner and final movements are the minuet or scherzo, the rondo or sonata-rondo and variations.
		Among sonatas in the smaller second category are those based on a programme, like Liszt's Après une lecture de Dante, fantasia quasi sonata, or those which experiment with structure, such as the same composer's single-movement Piano Sonata in b Minor.
	w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de /cmp/g_sonata.html (802 words)

	Films Media Group - Beethoven and the Sonata Form
		Form was a continuing concern for Beethoven—the structure and inner logic of music, the way themes are built and developed and which elements are juxtaposed, and particularly the creation of unity from opposing ideas and themes.
		That is why the sonata form suited him so well, because it is based on this kind of contrast.
		Barenboim uses the first movement of the Waldstein Sonata as an illustrative case, examining the statement and development of subjects, the contrasts in melody and rhythm, the nature of the transitions, the structure of the recapitulation, the impact of the coda.
	www.films.com /id/1885/Beethoven_and_the_Sonata_Form.htm (373 words)

	Sonata Form
		The homophonic forms of the classical period were created to accommodate the possibilities of homophonic texture.
		The forms of the classical era were meant to accommodate the variational and contrasting possibilities inherent in homophony.
		Of the classical forms; theme and variations, minuet and trio and rondo, sonata form (or sometimes called sonata- allegro form) was the most important.
	www.musicappreciation.com /sonata_form.htm (686 words)

	The Sonata
		The sonata (meaning 'sound piece' (meaning 'instumental music')) has evolved to be a very successful and long-lived format.
		In the history of sonatas, the pieces have had anywhere from one to eight movements.
		If you like, you can refer to "Sonata Form" as "First Movement Form" as that title is legal also.
	www.incompetech.com /music/sonata.html (359 words)

	An Introduction to Symphonic Form
		Sonata form is used in many types of large-scale instrumental works of the late 18th century and the 19th century, including:
		Variations on Sonata form in chamber music begin with Beethoven, who wrote some Piano Sonatas that are not really in Sonata form at all.
		This is the form used in the first movement (and sometimes in other movements) of all 18th and 19th century symphonies.
	home.earthlink.net /~dbratman/sonata.html (1985 words)

	Sonata Form: Thematic and Tonal Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The sonata form (not to be confused with a sonata) means the way a specific movement is organized, and can appear in any genre: sonatas, string quartets, symphonies and concertos.
		Exposition, development and recapitulation, Dr. Broyles states, are the three principle sections of sonata form, all of which occur within a single movement.
		In the development section in sonata form, the composer modulates extensively, and "tonality is very unstable" said Dr. Broyles.
	artsedge.kennedy-center.org /exploring/broyles/lmlec304.html (271 words)

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