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	Songhai (empire) - MSN Encarta
		The Songhai Empire, also known as the Songhay Empire was a pre-colonial African state centered in eastern Mali.
		Songhai (empire), West African empire, centered on the largest bend of the Niger River, that reached its zenith in the 15th and 16th centuries.
		Songhai expansion was most aggressively advanced by Sunni Ali, who incorporated the eastern part of Mali into his empire, subjugating Djenné in 1471.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566909/Songhai_(empire).html (353 words)

	Africa - MSN Encarta
		Songhai, with its capital at Gao on the east side of the Niger bend, had been a riverside trading kingdom since at least the 8th century.
		Songhai was one of the first states to break away from Mali’s imperial control, using an army of horsemen and a fleet of war canoes to assert independent control over the Niger bend by the end of the 14th century.
		Songhai became an empire in the second half of the 15th century, under the rule of military hero Sunni Ali.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572628_26____130/Africa.html (977 words)

	Mali Empire - MSN Encarta
		The Mali Empire or Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa was a medieval West African state of the Mandinka from c.
		Mali Empire, empire in West Africa that dominated the region in the 13th and 14th centuries.
		The Songhai were one of the first peoples to gain independence, and during the 15th century much of Mali fell to the Songhai Empire.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579549/Mali_Empire.html (447 words)

	Kingdom Of Songhai
		Governing a vast empire of half a million square miles demanded competent and loyal administrators who could fulfill their duties on behalf of the central government in GAO without the benefit of modern means of communication.
		That the Songhay askiyas were able to build a professional bureaucracy, which functioned solidly for almost a century (from the accession of Muhammad Turé in 1493 to the Moroccan conquest of 1591) is a testament to their organizational skills and considerable personal power.
		This independent Islamic state was flanked by the Christian kingdoms of Iberia to the northwest (Spain and Portugal), the immense Muslim Empire of the Ottomans to the east, and the Sudanic Empire of Songhay to the south.
	www.patersononline.net /kingdoms/songhai.htm (987 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Songhai Empire (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It was centered on the city of Gao, where a small Songhai state had existed since the 9th century; and this was its base of power was on the bend of the Niger River in present-day Niger and Burkina Faso.
		Askia Ishaq II was ruler of the Songhai Empire from 1588 to 1591.
		Empires predate the Romans by several hundred years: Egypt, for example, created an empire in the 16th century BC by invading and then incorporating Nubia and the ancient city-states of the Levant.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Songhai-Empire (2208 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Songhai (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Range of the Songhai Empire From the early 15th to the late 16th century, the Songhai Empire was one of the largest African empires in history.
		Africa-related stubs The Songhay languages are a group of closely related languages/dialects centered on the Niger river, widely used as a lingua franca, particularly thanks to the medieval Songhay Empire.
		Askia Muhammad I (born circa 1442-1538) was a king of the Songhai Empire in the late 15th century.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Songhai (354 words)

	Mali
		The Ghana Empire, centered in the area along the Malian-Mauritanian frontier and dominated by the Soninke people, was a powerful trading state from about A.D. 700 to 1075.
		The Songhai Empire expanded its power from Gao during the period 1465 to 1530.
		In 1591 a Moroccan invasion destroyed the Songhai Empire.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/countries/Mali.html (336 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Songhai Empire
		From the early 15th to the late 16th century, the Songhai Empire was one of the largest African empires in history.
		This empire was centered around the city of Gao, and its base of power was on the bend of the Niger river in present-day Niger and Burkina Faso.
		Prior to the Songhai, the region was dominated by the Mali Empire, centered around Timbuktu.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Songhai_Empire (622 words)

	West Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Islam is the predominant religion of the West African interior and the far west coast of the continent; Christianity is the predominant religion in coastal regions of Nigeria, Ghana, and Cote d'Ivoire; and elements of indigenous religions (see Voodoo) are practised throughout.
		In the fifteenth century, the Songhai would form a new dominant state based around Gao, the Songhai Empire, under the leadership of Sonni Ali and Askia Mohammed.
		Following the 1591 destruction of the Songhai capital by Moroccan invaders, a number of smaller states arose across West Africa, including the Bambara Empire of Ségou, the Bambara kingdom of Kaarta, the Peul/Malinké kingdom of Khasso, and the Kénédougou Empire of Sikasso.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/West_Africa (1440 words)

	Songhai empire â“ FREE Songhai empire Information \| Encyclopedia.com: Find Songhai empire Research
		Established by the Songhai people 800, it reached its greatest extent in the 16th century before falling to Moroccan forces in 1591.
		medieval West African empires, the Songhai empire was preceded by the empire of...
		invaders deposed the Songhai Empire in 1591, and the new rulers...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1B1-379103.html (868 words)

	Lupe Zavala's World History Project
		The Songhai was a mixture of farmers, traders, fishermen, and warriors.
		In the lesson it is stated that in 1235 the empire of Ghana fell and the kingdom of Mali rose.
		The decline of the Mali Empire is accurate, it states the reason for their weakness and why it shifted its power to the Songhai.
	www.csun.edu /~gz55020/History.html (1419 words)

	Songhai Empire (Site not responding. Last check: )
		From the early 15th to the late 16th century, the Songhai Empire was one of the largest Africa n empires in history.
		An empire can be ruled by an emperor or an empress if it is a monarchy, or a dictator-president if it is a totalitarian regime.
		Where in the Roman Empire, the wealthy elite were expected to provide civil service and public works, a large number of the warrior elite of the early and high Middle Ages simply used their power to brutalize and extort more wealth from those around them whether another noble, merchant, or peasant.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Songhai_Empire.html (1777 words)

	The West Sudanic Empires
		Both the Sanhadja Confederation, at its height from the eighth to the tenth century, and the Almoravid Empire, from the eleventh to the twelfth century, were weakened by internecine warfare, and both succumbed to further invasions from the Ghana Empire and the Almohad Empire, respectively.
		Ghana, the earliest of the Sudanic empires, flourished in present-day eastern Mauritania from the fourth to the thirteenth century.
		The Muslim empire of Kong was established by the Juula in the early eighteenth century in the north-central region inhabited by the Sénoufo, who had fled Islamization under the Mali Empire.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/WestSud.html (2841 words)

	Songhai Empire - Definition, explanation
		From the early 15th to the late 16th century, the Songhai Empire was one of the largest African empires in history.
		This empire was centered around the city of Gao, and its base of power was on the bend of the Niger river in present-day Niger and Burkina Faso.
		Prior to the Songhai, the region was dominated by the Mali Empire, centered around Timbuktu.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/s/so/songhai_empire.php (485 words)

	Songhai Empire - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Songhai Empire (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It superseded the Mali Empire and extended its territory, occupying an area that included parts of present-day Guinea, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Nigeria.
		In 1591 it was invaded and overthrown by Morocco.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Songhai+Empire (122 words)

	History of West Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		By the end of the century, the Songhai Empire was the dominant force in the region, and through the leadership of Askia Mohammad (c.
		Following the collapse of the Songhai Empire, a number of smaller states arose across West Africa, including the Bambara Empire of Ségou, the lesser Bambara kingdom of Kaarta, the Peul/Malinké kingdom of Khasso (in present-day Mali's Kayes Region), and the Kénédougou Empire of Sikasso.
		Uthman's Fulani Empire was soon one of the region's largest states, and inspired the later jihads of Massina Empire founder Seku Amadu in present-day Mali, and the cross-Sudan Toucouleur conqueror El Hadj Umar Tall.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/History_of_West_Africa (1748 words)

	Nigeria the Savanna States, 1500-1800
		During this period, the Songhai Empire reached its greatest limits, stretching from the Senegal and Gambia rivers in the far west and incorporating part of Hausaland in the east.
		The influence of Songhai collapsed abruptly in 1591, when an army from Morocco crossed the Sahara and conquered the capital city of Gao and the commercial center of Timbuktu.
		The destruction of Songhai left Borno uncontested as an imperial force, and during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Borno continued to dominate the political history of northern Nigeria.
	www.country-studies.com /nigeria/the-savanna-states,-1500-1800.html (814 words)

	Kingdom Of Mali
		Mali Empire, empire in West Africa that rose to dominance in the 13th and 14th centuries.
		The Mali Empire was the second and most extensive of the three great successive empires, which included the Kingdom of Ghana and Songhai.
		Mali's collapse as a major Sudanic power was sealed by the rebellion of Songhay under the leadership of the dynasty, whose fifteenth-century scion would carve a Songhay empire out of many of the lands previously under Mali's control.
	www.geocities.com /ps5kingdoms/Mali (1021 words)

	Old World Contacts/Merchants & Traders/Songhai
		The Songhai empire, which had completely eclipsed the previous empire by the late 14th century, was the last of what has been called the "Great Three" West African empires - after Ghana and Mali.
		Songhai built upon the existing Islamic tradition established by the Kingdom of Mali, and most of Songhai's 17 kings, the administrators, and the bureaucrats in urban centres were Muslim.
		The Songhai empire strengthened the trading ties that Mansa Musa had established with other Islamic empires in Africa - most notably, the Merinids in the Maghrib, and the Mamluks in Egypt.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/oldwrld/merchants/songhai.html (225 words)

	WorldNet Virginia: Mali - History
		The Mali empire was based on outlying areas--even small kingdoms--pledging allegiance to Mali and giving annual tribute in the form of rice, millet, lances, and arrows.
		He divided the empire into provinces, each with its own governor, and towns that were administered by a mochrif or mayor.
		The empire of Mali reached in zenith in the fourteenth century but its power and fame depended greatly on the personal power of the ruler.
	mali.pwnet.org /history/history_mali_empire.htm (810 words)

	Civilizations in Africa: Songhay
		Songhay would not fully eclipse Mali until the reign of the Sunni king, Sonni Ali, who reigned from 1464-1492.
		Songhay reached its greatest territorial expansion under Askia Daud (1549-1582), when the empire stretched all the way to Cameroon.
		In 1612, the cities of Songhay fell into anarchy and the greatest empire of African history came to a sudden close.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CIVAFRCA/SONGHAY.HTM (422 words)

	The Empire of Songhai - Daily Observer
		Thus unlike many other writers on Songhai, Mahmud Kati lived through the great days of songhai and was himself a witness of the most important events of the Empire.
		The Empire of Songhai probably started life in the ninth century as a small principality situated on both banks of the river Niger referred toas Al-Kaw kaw by the Islamic scholars.
		Indeed the indigenous people of the area, the Songhai, made full use of the natural resources of their region and by the time they entered on the stage of history, they were already divided into two specialised professional groups.
	observer.gm /africa/article/2008/4/28/the-empire-of-songhai (1131 words)

	West Africa in the Middle Ages
		Mali and Songhai - Article on the decline of the kingdoms of Mali and Songhai, as well as the smaller kingdom of Ghana before them, were once great trading kingdoms famous for their gold.
		Ancient Mali - Mali Empire, empire in West Africa that rose to dominance in the 13th and 14th centuries.
		Songhai Empire - Songhai empire was a fl trading state in Africa that reached its peak during the 1400's and 1500's.
	www.kn.pacbell.com /wired/fil/pages/listwestafrmr.html (652 words)

	African Empires, Slavery and Europeans, 1550 to 1700
		The Songhai lived around Gao, on the Niger River, and they had built an empire that included Timbuktu and trade routes in the Sahara region.
		The Moroccans defeated the Songhai near Gao and went on to capture Timbuktu and Jenne.
		Nzinga formed an alliance with the Dutch, and at her request the Dutch sent her a militia of soldiers, the officer commanding the militia describing her as valiant, cunning and a "prudent virago" in command of both her slaves and her soldiers.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h28af3.html (4663 words)

	Mauritania : Sudanic Empires and Kingdoms
		The slow decline of the Mali Empire that started at the end of the fourteenth century came about through internal discord and revolts by the inhabitants of vassal states, including the Songhai of Gao.
		By the end of the fifteenth century, the Songhai Empire had replaced the Mali Empire and extended to Mauritania and the upper Senegal River Valley.
		At the end of the sixteenth century, a large Moroccan force defeated the Songhai, bringing to an end the seven centuries of domination of the western Sudan (and a large part of Mauritania) by strong, centralized fl kingdoms.
	www.mauritania-today.com /anglais/history/sudanic-empires.htm (299 words)

	Songhai
		Under the name of Kawkaw (which could cover the name of both the ancient capital Kukiya and of the later one Gao), the kingdom of Songhai was mentioned together with Ghana by al-Khwarizmi in the first half of ninth century.
		The people of Songhai had worshipped a monstrous fish, and were subject to its stringent laws, until a stranger, who came from the Yemen, killed it.
		He became King of the Songhai and was the founder of the earliest known dynasty, that of the Dya.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/africa/songhai.html (344 words)

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