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	Sonni Ali Summary
		Ali depended more upon the fear and respect which he commanded as a strong magician-king than upon the love and admiration of his subjects, as he was a cruel and short-tempered man. He occasionally ordered the execution of even a trusted member of his retinue, only to later regret his loss.
		Sonni Ali, who reigned from about 1464 to 1492, was the first great king of the Songhai Empire, and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty.
		During Sonni Ali's reign, Songhai surpassed the height of the Mali Empire, engulfing areas under the Mali Empire (and the Ghana Empire before it).
	www.bookrags.com /Sonni_Ali (0 words)

	History of Timbuktu, Mali
		Sonni Ali Ber knew he had to unite his Empire which was composed of Islamic people and those who kept their traditional African beliefs.
		One of the generals of Soni Ali who is a devout Muslim by the name of Askia Mohammed could not tolerate the tragic treatment Soni inflicted on the Ulemas or scholars of Timbuktu.
		Sonni Ali Ber was a planner, a fearless conqueror and he is cited in all the Tarikhs as the only Emperor who reigned 28 years, waged 32 wars, won 32 victories and was always the conqueror, never conquered.
	www.timbuktufoundation.org /history.html (0 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Sonni Ali
		Sonni Ali was the first great king (1464-1492) of the Songhai Empire, and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty.
		Under Sonni Ali, Songhai extended to cover a great chunk of the Niger River area and gained control of crucial trading areas such as Timbuktu.
		Under Sonni Ali, Songhai surpassed the height of the Mali Empire.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Sonni_Ali (91 words)

	Early African Empires and their Global Connections
		Sonni Baru refused to declare himself a Muslim, giving Askia Mohammad, who was a general for SONNI ALI BER, a legitimate reason to rebel.
		SONNI ALI BER: Founder of the SONGHAY EMPIRE who ruled from 1464 to 1492.
		Sonni Ali Ber became King of Gao and the SONGHAY lands in about 1464.
	www.globaled.org /nyworld/materials/african3.html (1627 words)

	Sonni Ali - Encyclopedia.com
		Sonni Ali Bronzell Gaston was a passenger with two other men in a new Lexus that was going eastbound about 100 mph when the driver...
		For example, Sonni Ali was the leader of the Songhay Empire...
		Ponderosa, 5-8, Sr.; Jaclyn Thoman, Highlands Ranch, 5-9, Jr.; Ali Thorderson,...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-SonniAli.html (0 words)

	Sonni Ali at AllExperts
		Sonni Ali, who reigned from about 1464 to 1492, was the first great king of the Songhai Empire, and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty.
		Under Sonni Ali, Songhai extended to cover a great chunk of the Niger River area and gained control of crucial trading areas such as Timbuktu and Jenne.
		During Sonni Ali's reign, Songhai surpassed the height of the Mali Empire, engulfing areas under the Mali Empire (and the Ghana Empire before it).
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/so/sonni_ali.htm (214 words)

	Djenné People
		Founded between 850 and 1200 A.D. by Soninke merchants, Djenn served as a trading post between the traders from the western and central Sudan and those from Guinea and was directly linked to the important trading city of Timbuktu, located 400 kilometers downstream on the Niger river.
		It was captured by the Songhai emperor Sonni 'Ali in 1468.
		By 1468 A.D. the site had been completely abandoned and was being garrisoned by troops of the Songhai conqueror Sonni Ali during the siege of the new city of Djenné (McIntosh and McIntosh 1981:15-17).
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/people/Djenne.html (537 words)

	۞ Sonni Ali Ber - Encyclopédie, information et définition sur www.apropos-arts.fr (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Grâce aux Sorkos, Sonni Ali Ber fondit rapidement sur les cités de Oualata et de Djenné, qui venaient de gagner leur indépendance sur le Mali.
		Quand Djenné, Sonni Ali Ber épousa la reine-mère de la cité et la rattacha à son empire, regroupant ainsi sous une seule autorité les trois grandes cités commerciales de l'ouest africain.
		L'empire parvenu à son apogée, Sonni Ali Ber décèda sur le chemin de retour d'une énième campagne victorieuse en 1493.
	www.apropos-arts.fr /Sonni_Ali_Ber (492 words)

	Sonni Ali
		Sonni Ali, whose real name was Ali Kolon, began as a common soldier in the army of Kankan Musa, Mandingo ruler of the Mellestine empire, into which, he had been impressed after the defeat and subjugation of his people, the Songhays, by Kankan Musa.
		Forced even to fight his own people, Sonni Ali was overcome with rage at the cruelties of the Mellestine emperor and swore that one day he would take up arms to free them.
		The master-tyrant, this celebrated scoundrel, Sonni Ali, whose name is spelt with an "o" after the "s" and an "i" after two "n's" was endowed with great military skill and inexhaustible energy.
	www.ijebu.org /conquerors/sonni (0 words)

	Ending Stereotypes for America
		The royal court--under a system developed by Sonni Ali and later reformed and expanded by Askia Muhammad--appointed governors and mayors over districts on the Niger Valley and allowed local rulers to remain in power on the Niger river's tributaries; There were likely exceptions but that was the general rule.
		The hatred between Sonni Ali and the Muslims stemmed from the Tuareg's attempts to control the Middle Niger.
		Sonni Ali was about to end the mission when he was given a report that Jenne, suffering from famine, was ready to give in.
	endingstereotypesforamerica.org /songhay.html (0 words)

	Civilizations in Africa: Songhay
		Sonni Ali based his military on a cavalry and a highly mobile fleet of ships.
		Sonni Ali was succeeded by Askia Muhammad Touré (1493-1528), who established a new dynasty, the Askia.
		Muhammad Touré continued Sonni Ali's imperial expansion by seizing the important Saharan oases and conquering Mali itself.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CIVAFRCA/SONGHAY.HTM (0 words)

	Sonni Ali - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Sonni Ali was the first great king of the Songhai Empire, and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty.
		Under Sonni Ali, Songhai extended to cover a great chunk of the Niger River area and gained control of crucial trading areas such as Timbuktu.
		Under Sonni Ali, Songhai surpassed the height of the Mali Empire.
	www.music.us /education/S/Sonni-Ali.htm (0 words)

	Le Pays des Grands hommes
		Sonni Ali Ber surnommé Ali Ber (Ali le Grand) est avant tout un conquérant dont la force principale reposait sur une puissante armée de cavaliers, d'archers et sur une flottille sur le Niger.
		Sonni Ali entre en lutte contre les grands marabouts de Tombouctou qui voulaient jouer un rôle politique et qui étaient amis des Touaregs.
		Contrairement à Sonni Ali, il chercha l'amitié des grands ulémas de Tombouctou qu'il consultait pour tous les problèmes importants de l'empire et qu'il comblait de présents de toutes sortes.
	www.le-mali.com /omatho/histml3.htm (721 words)

	Marcus Garvey - Sonni Ali - Great People of Color
		This man was Sonni Ali, whose fame as a conqueror was outstanding in his time.
		Sonni Ali, whose real name was Ali Kolon, began as a common soldier in the army of Kankan Musa, Mandingo ruler of the Mellestine empire, into which, he had been impressed after the defeat and subjugation of his people, the Songhays, by Kankan Musa.
		Forced even to fight his own people, Sonni Ali was overcome with rage at the cruelties of the Mellestine emperor and swore that one day he would take up arms to free them.
	www.marcusgarvey.com /wmview.php?ArtID=440 (605 words)

	The Story of Africa\| BBC World Service
		Sonni Ali the Great expanded the territory of Songhay considerably, so that it stretched across the Niger valley, west to Senegal and east to Agades (modern Niger).
		After Sonni Ali's death one of his generals, Mohammed Ture, seized power in 1493.
		Continuing the expansion of Songhay that Sonni Ali had started, he brought Songhay to the height of its power.
	www.bbc.co.uk /worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter4.shtml (0 words)

	Marcus Garvey - Sonni Ali - Great People of Color
		Sonni Ali, together with his brother Selmar Nar, laid careful plans for escape.
		Master of all the territory from Timbuctoo to the blue waters of the Atlantic, Sonni Ali now turned his attention to the affairs of his new empire.
		The priests, the learned men, and all who made a living by religion, including the faculty of the University of Sankore, plotted against Sonni Ali, whereupon he put to death every one of his enemies within reach, and warned others to cease meddling in political affairs.
	www.marcusgarvey.com /wmview.php?ArtID=440&page=2 (589 words)

	Sunni Ali Ber
		Sunni Ali, whose real name was Ali Kolon, began as a common soldier in the army of KanKan Musa, Mandingo ruler of the Mellistine Empire, into which he had been forcibly enlisted, after the defeat and enslavement of his people, the Songhays.
		Forced even to fight his own people, Sunni Ali was overcome with rage at the cruelties of the Mellestine emperor and swore that one day, he would take up arms to free his people.
		On November 6, 1493, Sunni Ali's horse slipped and fell into the Koni River, Ali and his horse were swept over the falls and drowned.
	www.africawithin.com /hpi/hp14.htm (0 words)

	[No title]
		In 1464 the Songhay Emperor, Sonni Ali Ber (1464-1492), took over Timbuktu from the Tuareg leader Akil.
		During his reign he created the “SAN HOU”; in the Songhay language that means: “La Maison des Savants.” (Reference: Adam Ba Konaré (1977), Sonni Ali Ber, page 91 for more information).
		So, in English “ la maison des savants” means: the House of the Savants, that is, the house of the experienced or wise people who know, the makers of law and knowledge, etc. Thus, Sonni Ali Ber organized a group of wise people and asked them for their advice.
	www.timbuktufoundation.org /mission.html (0 words)

	When We Ruled - 50 Greatest Africans - Professor Ahmed Baba & Sonni Ali Ber
		In 1464 Sonni Ali, the eighteenth ruler of his dynasty, became ruler of the Songhai kingdom.
		In 1483 Sonni Ali's army successfully drove this menace from the kingdom.
		Sonni Ali established the Songhai state as the third great West African Empire in this region, after Ancient Ghana and Mali.
	www.whenweruled.com /articles.php?lng=en&pg=8 (696 words)

	Sonni Ali
		Ali the West African monarch who ruled Songhai from 1464 to 1492, expanding a small kingdom along the Niger River into one of medieval Africa's greatest
		Ali, - 1492, A West African monarch of Songhal, Sudan.
		Ali: West African monarch who initiated the imperial expansion of the Western Sudanese kingdom of Songhai.
	www.cordah.co.uk /sonni_ali.html (248 words)

	History Channel
		In about 1464, King Sonni Ali Ber came to the Songhay throne.
		In spite of his political achievements, Sonni Ali Ber was not a popular ruler.
		Although he was a Muslim, he distrusted and mistreated Islamic scholars and did not support the intellectual life of Timbuktu.
	www.history.com /classroom/unesco/timbuktu/goldenage.html (578 words)

	Baxter's EduNET - Time Machine
		Mali went into decline after the death of the great king.
		The subject city of Gao rebelled in 1375 under the Sonni ("king") Suleiman-Mar. Around 1400, Gao was strong enough to raid the Mali capital itself, and about 50 years later became the centre of the new Songhai Empire, which now became the most powerful state in West Africa.
		Sonni Muhammad Toureacute (1493-1528) made Islam the state religion of the empire.
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/timemachine/700wa.html (423 words)

	SONNI ALI - Encyclopédie Universalis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sonni Ali est surtout connu à travers des textes qui lui sont hostiles.
		En fait, Sonni Ali s'étant attaqué à la caste des lettrés musulmans de Tombouctou, ceux-ci l'ont volontairement noirci dans leurs chroniques.
		Sonni Ali sut allier un génie militaire exceptionnel, un talent d'administrateur et d'organisateur, et un sens politique aigu.(...)
	www.universalis.fr /corpus2-universalis/17/T303244/universalis/T303244.htm (178 words)

	PLAYAHATA.COM
		Sonni Ali aggressively turned the kingdom of Gao into the Songhai empire.
		Ali based his military on a cavalry and a highly mobile fleet of ships.
		From there he went on to conquer the land of the Hausas.
	www.playahata.com /pages/bhfigures/bhfigures12.html (848 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sonni Ali (North African History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Sonni Ali (North African History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > North African History, Biographies > Sonni Ali
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Sonni Ali
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-SonniAli.html (114 words)

	The question of race
		This last, and greatest, of Sub-Saharan Empires began when a man named Sonni Ali, of the Songhay tribe, took it upon himself to attack and conquer the neighboring territories.
		Sonni was the last of the long line of formerly Hebrew Za Emperors, tracing his roots back to Za el Yemeni, the founder of the old Kingdom of Ghana.
		Sonni was a great military leader, but he offended the Muslim clergy by his casual and even contemptuous attitude toward religion.
	www.ark-of-salvation.org /race.htm (9125 words)

	TIMBUKTU - Discover the Ancient Manuscripts of Timbuktu, Mali - Legacy of Scholars like Ahmed Baba, Muhammad Bagayogo ...
		As a result of its unique geographical position, Timbuktu has been a natural meeting point of Songhai, Wangara, Fulani, Tuareg, and Arabs...
		Among the notable historical leaders are Mansa Musa, Abu Bakr, Askia Muhammad, Sonni Ali Ber...(
		Resurrect to its rightful place the important contributions of Early African Scholars in the annals of world history...
	www.timbuktufoundation.org (0 words)

	Western and Central Sudan, 1400–1600 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
		Slaves often marry into the limited sedentary Tuareg families, who cultivate palms, vegetables, and grains.
		Under the reign of military leader Sonni Ali, the Songhai conquer Timbuktu, thus establishing control of the region that will last more than a century.
		The Songhai step into the political gap left by the dissolution of the
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/08/sfw/ht08sfw.htm (0 words)

	History Channel
		Sahara Desert: largest desert in the world, filling nearly all of northern Africa; measures approximately 3,000 miles from east to west and between 800 and 1,200 miles from north to south and has a total area of some 3,320,000 square miles (8,600,000 square kilometers)
		Sonni Ali Ber: West African king who began the expansion of the kingdom of Songhay in 1464; his conquest of Timbuktu (1468) established the basis for Songhay's future prosperity and expansion
		Sudan: the area of open savanna plains extending across Africa between the southern limits of the Sahara Desert and the northern limits of the equatorial rain forests; term derives from the Arabic bilad as-sudan ("land of the fl peoples")
	www.history.com /classroom/unesco/timbuktu/vocabulary.html (1241 words)

	Dogon Village connecting the Black Diaspora ... one click at a time. - Biography: Sonni Ali (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The West African monarch who ruled Songhai from 1464 to 1492.
		Sonni Ali expanded a small kingdom along the Niger River into one of medieval Africa's greatest empires.There are two...
		SnitchCraft sheds light on the use of confidential informants.
	www.dogonvillage.com /african_american_news/top_news/Nov06feed/Biography_Sonni_Ali.rss.html (47 words)

	MrDonn.org - Daily Life in the Kingdom of Songhay (Ancient Africa) - Plus Lesson Plans & Activities
		They were especially proud of Sonni Ali the Great!
		Sonni Ali (the new king) was a wonderful leader.
		He put warriors in canoes and started taking over city after city.
	africa.mrdonn.org /songhay.html (320 words)

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