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Topic: Sonoluminescence

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	What is Sonoluminescence?
		Sonoluminescence is a mysterious phenomenon caused when ultrasound waves excite a liquid, creating tiny bubbles which emit light when they collapse.
		Researchers from the lab of Purdue scientist R. Taleyarkhan claimed that, under sonoluminescence, an acetone-filled vessel emitted neutrons at a statistically significant level, the characteristic footprint of fusion.
		The effect of sonoluminescence was first discovered by German scientists H. Frenzel and H. Schultes at the University of Cologne in 1934.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-sonoluminescence.htm (466 words)

	Sonoluminescence Summary
		Sonoluminescence is the emission of short bursts of light from imploding bubbles in a liquid when excited by sound.
		Sonoluminescence in the laboratory can be made to be stable, so that a single bubble will expand and collapse over and over again in a periodic fashion, emitting a burst of light each time it collapses.
		In 1996, it was suggested that the light in sonoluminescence is generated by the vacuum around the bubble in a process similar to Hawking radiation, the radiation generated by the edges of fl holes.
	www.bookrags.com /Sonoluminescence (1945 words)

	Sonoluminescence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sonoluminescence is the emission of short bursts of light from imploding bubbles in a liquid when excited by sound.
		An unusually exotic theory of sonoluminescence, which has received much popular attention, yet is considered to have a marginal effect on the mechanism of SBSL by the scientific community at large, is the Casimir energy theory proposed by Claudia Eberlein, a physicist at the University of Sussex.
		In 1996, it was suggested that the light in sonoluminescence is generated by the vacuum around the bubble in a process similar to Hawking radiation, the radiation generated by the edges of fl holes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sonoluminescence (1558 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Sonoluminescence (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sonoluminescence may occur whenever a sound wave of sufficient intensity induces a gaseous cavity within a liquid to quickly collapse.
		Claudia Eberlein, a physicist at the University of Sussex, suggested in 1996 that the light is generated by the vacuum around the bubble in a process similar to Hawking radiation, the radiation generated by the edges of fl holes.
		Both theories are currently seen in the scientific community as being drastically overcomplicated and implausible, with the Hawking radiation theory being the most objectionable of the two, bordering on pseudoscience.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Sonoluminescence (1490 words)

	Molecular fingerprints in sonoluminescence - physicsworld.com
		Although researchers have proposed a wide variety of explanations for sonoluminescence, they are in broad agreement that the oscillating bubbles reach very high temperatures.
		Suslick's team analysed the sonoluminescence spectra from organic liquids including formamide and methylformamide and noticed a peak corresponding to the emission from an excited state of cyanide (CN).
		The sonoluminescence spectra from clouds of bubbles are dominated by atomic and molecular emissions.
	www.physicsweb.org /articles/news/4/10/9/1 (362 words)

	Sonoluminescence
		Sonoluminescence may be just one more example of the fascinating manner in which all these sciences interconnect.
		This states that the universe’s power contribution to the sonoluminescence phenomenon is a function of the radius of the bubble (at the moment of the acceleration rate of change undergoing a maximum), the mass of the bubble, and the rate of change of the acceleration.
		Sonoluminescence may thus be an excellent example of the power of Connective Physics.
	www.halexandria.org /dward166.htm (1640 words)

	Brief Guide to sonoluminescence
		Sonoluminescence is very sensitive to experimental parameters and this results in a small window of stability for the sonoluminescence.
		Matula et al (2000) conducted sonoluminescence experiments in a parabolic flight and found that the light output was increased at all wavelengths in microgravity suggesting that gravity does indeed cause an instability.
		Generally the spectra given off by sonoluminescence is continuous with no spectral peaks but at really low drive amplitudes (where the light is not visible to the naked eye) Yasui et al (2001) saw the OH line measurements taken over several days.
	physics.open.ac.uk /~swebb/briefguide.htm (2621 words)

	Bubble fusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bubble fusion or sonofusion is the common name for a nuclear fusion reaction hypothesized to occur during sonoluminescence, an extreme form of acoustic cavitation; officially, this reaction is termed acoustic inertial confinement fusion (AICF) since the inertia of the collapsing bubble wall confines the energy causing a rise in temperature.
		The data however was lacking in that too large of a window was used for determination of a coincidence between the neutron emission and sonoluminescence light emission.
		Sonoluminescence — the emission of short bursts of light from imploding bubbles in a liquid when excited by sound.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bubble_fusion (2075 words)

	Sonoluminescence - Creation of light from sound (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In single bubble sonoluminescence, the bubble is concentrating the energy of the acoustic vibrations be a factor of one trillion.
		However, in 1995 Lepoint shows that single argon bubble oscillating nonlinearly in an acoustic field give plasma developed inside the argon bubble and is assumed to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium[8][12] and this might lead to application such as nuclear fusion(sonofusion).
		In salts (TbCl3, Tb(NO3)(3), PrCl3, EuCl3, CeCl3, and DyCl3), the SL spectrum and intensity of multi-bubble sonoluminescence (SL) of water was observed at a frequency of 20 kHz[10].
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /webprojects2004/eaimkhong/sonoluminescence.htm (1018 words)

	An Investigation of Medium Variance in Sonoluminescence.
		Sonoluminescence is the process by which sound waves are utilized to resonate an air bubble suspended in a medium with the resulting oscillations causing cavitation of the bubble wall producing an emission of visible light.
		Sonoluminescence is a new area of study, reopened in the 1980's after 50 years of nearly complete stagnation.
		Sonoluminescence, being a new branch of science is theoretical as often as it is experimental.
	oas.ucok.edu /OJAS/96/T96/Mkline.htm (3278 words)

	Sonoluminescence: an Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sonoluminescence is the emission of light by bubbles in a liquid excited by sound.
		were able to produce single-bubble sonoluminescence, in which a single bubble, trapped in a standing acoustic wave, emits light with each pulsation.
		Before this development, research was hampered by the instability and short lifetime of the phenomenon.
	www-phys.llnl.gov /N_Div/sonolum (424 words)

	Sonofusion, Acoustic Inertial Confinement Fusion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Abstract: Sonoluminescence is an off-equilibrium phenomenon in which the energy of a resonant sound wave in a liquid is highly concentrated so as to generate flashes of light.
		Single-bubble sonoluminescence (characterized by the emission of picosecond flashes of light) results from nonlinear pulsations of an isolated vapour-gas bubble in an acoustic field.
		Single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) results from the extreme temperatures and pressures achieved during bubble compression; calculations have predicted the existence of a hot, optically opaque plasma core with consequent bremsstrahlung radiation.
	members.nuvox.net /~on.jwclymer/snf/index.html (5732 words)

	Star in a Jar- "Sonoluminescence" Light from Sound: A Map to Implosion/Fusion & the Heart Fire?
		Sonoluminescence, a little-understood phenomenon, is described as a process in which "intense sound waves in water produce single bubbles of gas containing so much energy that they are bright enough to be seen." While creating a dramatic visual effect for the movie, it is not considered a practical method for producing hydrogen.
		Sonoluminescence (SL) is a mysterious process in which sound waves aimed at a container of water nucleate, grow, and collapse many gas-filled bubbles to create ultrashort light flashes representing a trillionfold focusing of the initial sound energy.
		Sonoluminescence is an on going project at LLNL and will continue to support the educational outreach program by hiring students to participate in the research.
	www.zayra.de /soulcom/starinajar (7749 words)

	Achieving SBSL
		Sonoluminescence is highly dependant on experimental factors; the concentration of gas in the water, the size of the bubble, composition of the gas in the bubble and the temperature of the liquid must all be within certain bounds for sonoluminescence to be observed
		To find the acoustic resonance of the flask it is necessary to adjust the signal generator until the maximum peak to peak voltage is shown across the oscilloscope from the output of the microphone P.Z.T. The electrical resonance of the L.C.R. circuit is found by changing the inductance of the coil.
		It has been shown that the luminosity of sonoluminescence is increased if the bubble is doped with heavy inert gases or if the temperature of the liquid is decreased.It has also been shown that volatile solutes quench the sonoluminescence.
	physics.open.ac.uk /~swebb/ach.htm (1264 words)

	The bubbles produced by ultrasound in water (sonoluminescence) reach extremely high temperatures and pressures for ...
		Sonoluminescence, the puzzling glow emitted by a bubble in a field of high-pitched sound waves, may be caused by a tiny jet of liquid that shoots across the interior of the bubble at supersonic speed and slams into the opposite side, a Johns Hopkins researcher has proposed.
		Sonoluminescence was discovered in 1934 by two German physicists who immersed powerful ultrasound generators in a vessel of water, creating a cloud of tiny bubbles that gave off a glow.
		In 1989, however, Lawrence Crum, then a professor at the University of Mississippi, and his graduate student, Felipe Gaitan, were able to induce sonoluminescence in a single bubble trapped within a sound field inside a cylinder of water.
	www.sciam.com /askexpert_question.cfm?articleID=000950E3-6815-1C71-9EB7809EC588F2D7 (819 words)

	alternative.energy -- The Solutions, Now -- Sonoluminescence Energy
		According to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, "sonoluminescence is the emission of light by bubbles in a liquid excited by sound." The first process of sonoluminescence is to create a bubble with one percent argon impurity in a container filled with liquid.
		It is for this very feature that it is possible with sonoluminescence to break down materials at the subatomic level; that can help to recycle different types of materials.
		Sonoluminescence can also be used to create fusion.
	library.thinkquest.org /26366/text/alternative/sl.html (253 words)

	Sonoluminescence Energy - From the movie to reality (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sonoluminescence arises from acoustic cavitation –; the formation, growth and implosion of small gas bubbles in a liquid blasted with sound waves above 18,000 cycles per second.
		Sonoluminescence was first discovered in 1934, and despite over 70 years of trying, scientists are still unable to fully explain the phenomenon of turning sound into light.
		In inducing sonoluminescence, first a bubble needs to be created that has one percent argon impurity in a container filled with liquid.
	www.emergingenergies.com (569 words)

	Direct Observations of Single Sonoluminescence Pulses (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The possibility that sonoluminescence might involve such extreme conditions that it could produce neutrons makes measurements of parameters such as the source temperature, diameter, and density valuable.
		Sonoluminescence (SL) is the emission of flashes of light by imploding air bubbles in liquid.
		The appearance of circular regions tended to correlate with overall stability of the sonoluminescence emission.
	www-phys.llnl.gov /N_Div/sonolum/sonolum_paper.html (2442 words)

	Research Uncovers Possible New Explanation For Sonoluminescence
		Khare said that even though sonoluminescence was discovered in 1934, the effect gathered real interest among physicists only eight years ago when researchers at the University of Mississippi developed a technique for maintaining a single bubble during experiments, which afforded researchers more control of the process.
		During sonoluminescence, the gas inside the bubble may reach temperatures as high as 10,000 degrees Celsius -- almost twice the temperature on the surface of the sun.
		In a possible optics-related application, sonoluminescence may act as a source of ultra-short light pulses, which scientists use to study very short physical processes such as atomic excitation.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-06/OSU-RUPN-170698.php (511 words)

	[No title]
		Sonoluminescence was discovered by accident (like most applications in science) in the early 1930's by a pair of German Physicists @ the University of Cologne.
		While this group has published many papers on sonoluminescence the most popular of their papers can be found in Scientific American Feb. 1995 Vol.272.
		To make SBSL (Single Bubble Sonoluminescence) one has to have a bubble (of plain air) surrounded by water in a spherical flask and then bombarded by high frequency sound waves.
	members.aol.com /cpeter2001/science2/index.htm (837 words)

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