
	Where results make sense

Topic: Soot

Related Topics

Amorphous carbon

Toner

Activated carbon

Carbon

Amorphous

Gas welding

Black

Fullerene

Combustion

MAPP gas

Acetylene

Carburettor

Brazing

Fram

Oxidation

In the News (Wed 25 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Soot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soot, also called lampfl, Pigment Black 7, carbon fl or fl carbon, is a dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, usually composed mainly of amorphous carbon, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke—especially from the combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in the lack of sufficient oxygen.
		Soot is in the general category of airborne particulate matter, and as such is considered hazardous to the lungs and general health when the particles are less than 5 micrometres in diameter, as such particles are not filtered out by the upper respiratory tract.
		Soot tends to rise to the top of a general flame, such as in a candle in normal gravity conditions, making it yellow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soot (558 words)

	Soot and Global Warming
		Soot pollution from southern Asia appears to be contributing to climate changes at the North Pole, according to a study by NASA scientists.
		Soot is a flened material formed mainly from carbon particles that are, along with salts and dust, byproducts of burning fossil fuels and vegetation.
		Soot mostly from diesel engines is blocking snow and ice from reflecting sunlight, which is contributing to "near worldwide melting of ice" and as much as a quarter of all observed global warming, top NASA scientists say.
	healthandenergy.com /soot_and_global_warming.htm (1706 words)

	NASA - Black Soot and Snow: A Warmer Combination
		A new study found that emissions of soot, or fl carbon, alters the way sunlight reflects off snow and may be responsible for as much as 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.
		Soot is generated from traffic, industrial pollution, outdoor fires and household burning of coal and other fuels and is the product of incomplete combustion.
		Although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, Hansen says it does not change the fact that greenhouse gases will likely continue to be the primary cause of climate warming during this century.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/earth/lookingatearth/Black_Soot.html (661 words)

	NASA - Black Soot And Snow: A Warmer Combination
		Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy, white background.
		Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.
		Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century.
	www.nasa.gov /home/hqnews/2003/dec/HQ_03420_black_soot.html (619 words)

	Welcome To Home Energy Magazine Online
		Any time deposition of soot, dust, or carbon appears, first there must be a source of the material, and second, there must be a driving force to cause the material to deposit itself on a surface.
		Soot, which is carbon fl particulate, ranges in size from 0.03 to 3 microns, and can remain airborne for prolonged periods of time before settling.
		Soot staining has been found in houses where owners didn't burn candles and the only source of combustion was a standing pilot light in a gas log fireplace.
	homeenergy.org /archive/hem.dis.anl.gov/eehem/98/980109.html (4404 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Soot worse for global warming than thought
		Soot particles may be twice as bad as the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming, suggests a new study.
		Local soot concentrations in snow vary widely, but Hansen estimates that it reduces light reflection by 1.5 percent in the Arctic and by 3 percent over land in the Northern hemisphere.
		But soot does not stay as long in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, and emissions may be easier to control, he says.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn4508 (528 words)

	FuturePundit: Soot Plays Bigger Role In Global Warming Than Previously Believed
		Soot is not the only warming pollutant which would be cheaper to reduce than carbon dioxide.
		Note that soot emissions are high in areas that are economically less developed.
		Black carbon or soot is generated from traffic, industrial pollution, outdoor fires and household burning of coal and biomass fuels.
	www.futurepundit.com /archives/001864.html (1754 words)

	Life of Soot: Diesel Pollution, Emissions, and Health Effects
		Soot particles can have an environmental lifetime of one to three weeks, and they can travel long distances, journeying to communities in far regions. Soot particles have even been found at the South Pole, where no major emission source exists for thousands of miles.
		Large soot particles (>10 microns) deposit in your nose, throat, and lungs, causing coughing and sore throat, and are ejected from your body through sneezing, coughing, and nose blowing. Coarse particles (10 microns) are inhaled into your windpipe and settle there, causing irritation and more coughing.
		Although all human beings are susceptible to soot’s journey through their body, individuals with preexisting respiratory conditions, children, and the elderly are the most vulnerable to soot’s lasting and deadly effects.
	www.ucsusa.org /clean_vehicles/big_rig_cleanup/life-of-soot-diesel-pollution-emissions-and-health-effects.html (1415 words)

	Black Soot Deposition
		While it is understood that soot can be generated by any combustion process, most flames that are used in homes are either vented or are carefully controlled, such as gas stoves with a notable blue flame.
		Soot is also attracted to cooler surfaces due to thermophoresis, a process in which particles migrate under the influence of forces created by a temperature gradient.
		Once the soot particles are deposited onto surfaces, they tend to remain attached and are unlikely to be inhaled by occupants.
	www.baileyeng.com /black_soot_deposition.htm (1023 words)

	Scientists discover a major cause of global warming -- ordinary soot: 2/01
		"Soot -- or fl carbon -- may be responsible for 15 to 30 percent of global warming, yet it's not even considered in any of the discussions about controlling climate change," says Stanford Professor Mark Z. Jacobson, author of the Feb. 8 Nature study.
		"Soot consists primarily of elemental carbon," he says, "and 90 percent of it comes from the consumption of fossil fuels -- particularly diesel fuel, coal, jet fuel, natural gas and kerosene -- as well as the burning of wood and other biomass when land is cleared."
		A reduction in worldwide soot emissions, he maintains, could prove beneficial in slowing down the disastrous pace of global warming.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2001/february14/soot-214.html (1033 words)

	EO News: NASA Finds Soot Has Impact on Global Climate - May 13, 2003
		Soot is a product of incomplete combustion, especially of diesel fuels, biofuels, coal and outdoor biomass burning.
		Both soot and the light-colored tiny particles, most of which are sulfates, pose problems for air quality around the world.
		Soot particles are measured in micrometers (µm), and are smaller than the diameter of a human hair.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NasaNews/2003/2003051314856.html (628 words)

	Soot > Clean Air Act > Get Involved > Sierra Club
		The EPA's new proposal to limit soot pollution (which the EPA refers to as "particulate matter") has disappointed environmental, medical, and the scientific communities.
		The Sierra Club supports soot standards which are below levels shown by the best available science to be harmful and with a margin of safety sufficient to protect sensitive and vulnerable people like infants, children, those with asthma or cardiac conditions, and the elderly.
		The Sierra Club urges the adoption of a soot level consistent with the most recent, comprehensive, and reliable scientific evidence and that is protective of children, the elderly, and other sensitive people.
	www.sierraclub.org /cleanair/soot (645 words)

	Diesel soot makes global warming worse, scientists say - Environment - MSNBC.com
		WASHINGTON - Soot mostly from diesel engines is blocking snow and ice from reflecting sunlight, which is contributing to “near worldwide melting of ice” and as much as a quarter of all observed global warming, top NASA scientists say.
		Levels of airborne soot as high as about 100 parts per billion were found in the Alps.
		Soot particles are minute enough to penetrate skin when breathed in.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/3786067 (714 words)

	New study reveals a major cause of global warming - ordinary soot
		Soot, the familiar fl residue that darkens tractor exhaust, has now been identified as a major cause of global warming, according to to a new Stanford University study.
		``Soot - or fl carbon - may be responsible for 15 to 30 percent of global warming, yet it`s not even considered in any of the discussions about controlling climate change,`` says Stanford Professor Mark Z. Jacobson, author of the Feb. 8 Nature study.
		``Soot consists primarily of elemental carbon,`` he says, ``and 90 percent of it comes from the consumption of fossil fuels - particularly diesel fuel, coal, jet fuel, natural gas and kerosene - as well as the burning of wood and other biomass when land is cleared.``
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-02/SU-Nsra-0702101.php (1115 words)

	USATODAY.com - EPA lists areas with too much soot in air (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The EPA proposal focuses on the tiniest form of soot particles, which are 28 times smaller than a human hair.
		One study found that the health risk of living in a city with high levels of soot is comparable to the health risk of being moderately overweight.
		The fine soot particles the EPA is targeting are emitted by diesel engines, power plants and wood-burning stoves.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/news/2004-06-29-epa-soot_x.htm?POE=WEAISVA (566 words)

	EHP 110-8, 2002: Seeing through Soot
		Soot is primarily carbon-based chemical by-products formed from incompletely combusted or uncombusted hydrocarbon-based fuels.
		Soots differ from one another depending on their source, even as soots from the same source can differ depending upon the conditions of their formation, says Michael Zachariah, a professor of mechanical engineering and chemistry at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.
		Soot, which is classified as PM (2.5 µm in diameter or smaller), has been linked to significantly increased risk of death from lung cancer and other severe respiratory ailments.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2002/110-8/innovations.html (1866 words)

	Diesel Soot Added To List Of Global Warming Culprits
		A particle made primarily of elemental fl carbon, soot warms the air by absorbing sunlight and radiating the heat to the air.
		Soot may be the second-leading cause of global warming after carbon dioxide, says Jacobson.
		Jacobson says that net global warming to date is due to warming by greenhouse gases and soot, significantly offset by cooling due to reflective particles, such as sulfate and nitrate from multiple pollution sources.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/greenhouse-01z.html (1084 words)

	Thousands of deaths linked to soot, group says
		That soot -- actually microscopic airborne particles produced by coal burned to produce electricity -- cuts short the lives of 585 Pittsburghers each year, according to a study to be released today by Clear the Air, a national consortium of environmental groups campaigning against pollution produced by power plants.
		Recent research shows that the smallest soot particles -- less than 2.5 microns in diameter, or one-hundredth the width of a human hair -- actually do the most damage to human health because they are breathed more deeply into the lungs, thus evading the lung's natural filters.
		The EPA's 1997 fine soot regulations, now the subject of a Supreme Court appeal by various industries, sought to tighten the limits on the amount of very fine soot particles that industries could emit into the air.
	www.post-gazette.com /regionstate/20001017soot5.asp (823 words)

	USATODAY.com - Researchers say diesel soot is a global climate factor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		WASHINGTON (AP) — Soot, mostly from diesel engines, is blocking snow and ice from reflecting sunlight, which is contributing to "near worldwide melting of ice" and as much as a quarter of all observed global warming, top NASA scientists say.
		The findings about the snow and ice albedos — their power to reflect light falling on the surface — raise new questions about human-caused climate change from the Arctic to the Alps.
		Levels of airborne soot as high as about 100 parts per billion were found in the Alps, enough to reduce the snow's ability to reflect light rather than absorb it from about 98 down to between 80 and 90%, Hansen said.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/climate/2003-12-22-soot-warming_x.htm (643 words)

	Wired News: Soot to Blame for Global Warming?
		"Soot consists primarily of elemental carbon, and 90 percent of it comes from the consumption of fossil fuels -- particularly diesel fuel, coal, jet fuel, natural gas and kerosene -- as well as the burning of wood and other biomass when land is cleared," said Jacobson.
		Jacobson is not the first to suggest that soot may play a major role in global warming.
		Similar cutbacks in soot emissions could prove to be a very effective way to counter global warming, argues Jacobson in his article.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,41727,00.html (1374 words)

	UF/IFAS News Release
		Soot is produced from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels.
		"Soot particles are very small - less than 1 micron - and easily penetrate to the deepest areas of the lung and, according to research, can stay in the lungs for a considerable period of time," Hammer said.
		In addition to possibly causing health problems, soot can deposit on surfaces in the home causing what has been called "ghosting" or "carbon tracking." Soot tends to accumulate in cool areas, often forming dark areas on baseboards, around air conditioning vents, in or near refrigerators and on wall surfaces over studs.
	news.ifas.ufl.edu /print/1999/99_1222.html (595 words)

	Utah News from KSL-TV, Salt Lake City, Utah
		Until recently, the source for the fl soot in homes was unknown.
		Through interviews and recent experiments, it is now believed that frequent candle burning is one of the sources of fl soot.
		Sooting associated with burning candles can cause property damage by flening walls, ceilings, and carpets.
	web.ksl.com /dump/news/cc/series/candepa.htm (2262 words)

	Cricket Ash Vac, the best way to remove ashes. Super Price! Plus Soot Erasers
		Soot Erasers are designed for cleaning smudges and soot covered or smoke covered bricks and walls.
		Measuring 3 inches by 6 inches each, the Soot Erasers are made of vulcanized natural rubber.
		The handy Soot Erasers are safe, nontoxic, and require only a light touch.
	www.fireplacemall.com /Cricket_Ash_Vac/cricket_ash_vac.html (301 words)

	EPA delays action on soot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Much of the region's soot problem is blown in on prevailing westerly winds from utilities and industries in the Ohio River valley.
		Complicating the planning to reduce soot is the Clean Air Interstate Rule, which attempts to limit the emission and transport of gases that form soot.
		The EPA may be considering bringing the soot and CAIR cleanup requirements into alignment by delaying implementation of the soot standards, but Jayme Graham, head planner at the health Department's Air Quality Division, said that would be a mistake.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/04327/415583.stm (400 words)

	JS Online: Soot on snow plays a role in global warming, study says
		Soot produced mostly from diesel engines may have caused up to 25% of global warming over the past century, with its biggest effect in northern climates, top NASA scientists said Monday.
		Although the role of soot in global warming apparently is substantial, the scientists cautioned that greenhouse gases produced from burning fossil fuels are still the primary cause of climate warming in the last century.
		Particulates, which include soot, are regulated by both the DNR and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, but Wisconsin does not have any specific regulations on fl soot, said Lloyd Eagan, director of the agency's Bureau of Air Management.
	www.jsonline.com /news/state/dec03/194669.asp (777 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)