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	Sophiatown, Gauteng - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sophiatown (pronounced with a long, stressed i) is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa.
		Sophiatown was one of four freehold townships outside of the city of Johannesburg, South Africa.
		The government bulldozed Sophiatown by the end of 1963 (except for the Anglican Church of Christ the King -- ironically a center of resistance to the removals) and rebuilt it as a white only suburb named Triomf (Triumph).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sophiatown (680 words)

	Sophiatown -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sophiatown (pronounced with a long, stressed i) is a suburb of (City in the northeastern part of South Africa near Pretoria; commercial center for diamond and gold industries) Johannesburg, (A republic at the southernmost part of Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1910; first European settlers were Dutch (known as Boers)) South Africa.
		Like (A district of Manhattan; now largely a Black ghetto) Harlem in (The largest city in New York State and in the United States; located in southeastern New York at the mouth of the Hudson river; a major financial and cultural center) New York City, it was a focus of arts, politics, religion, and entertainment.
		A number of jazz bands were created in Sophiatown, including (Click link for more info and facts about The Jazz Epistles) The Jazz Epistles, whose members included (Click link for more info and facts about Dollar Brand) Dollar Brand, Kippie Moeketsi and (Click link for more info and facts about Hugh Masekela) Hugh Masekela.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/sophiatown.htm (856 words)

	:: CITY WANTS TO REVIVE THE SPIRIT OF SOPHIATOWN :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A beautiful mural in the Christ the King Anglican Church in Sophiatown, made famous in the 40s and 50s when Archbishop Trevor Huddleston preached in the church for most of his 12 years in the country, has for the past 30 years been hidden under whitewash.
		THE City has called for proposals for the creation of a Sophiatown Heritage Precinct in an effort to revive the rich history of the suburb as well as boost the tourist experience of the city.
		Sophiatown developed into a vibrant cosmopolitan community in the 1940s and 50s, producing many talented musicians, writers and artists.
	www.joburg.org.za /2004/feb/feb2_sophiatown.stm (602 words)

	:: A LOVE AFFAIR WITH SOPHIATOWN'S PEOPLE :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sophiatown was levelled in 1955 by the apartheid government as part of its scheme to keep the suburbs around the city white.
		The residents of Sophiatown were moved to Meadowlands in Soweto and Sophiatown was renamed Triomf.
		Sophiatown was levelled between 1955 and 1963 and its inhabitants moved to Meadowlands in Soweto.
	www.igoli.org.za /october/huddleston.stm (695 words)

	Johannesburg - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		At the other end of the scale, Sophiatown during the early years of the 20th century was a vibrant centre in which many races lived alongside each other in relative calm.
		Soweto is a mostly fl urban area to the south west of the City Centre.
		West of Melville is Sophiatown, once one of the most vibrant fl suburbs in the city.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /johannesburg.htm (3453 words)

	Storytelling and Sustainability: The Sophiatown Experience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The vibrant, multicultural community of Sophiatown in Johannesburg, South Africa, was destroyed by the Apartheid government during the 1950s.
		Stories are used among ex-residents to commemorate the unique, proud and vibrant nature of the Sophiatown community; the achievements of its citizens and the loss they suffered under apartheid.
		Sophiatown is most famously recorded in the photographs, writings and music of a small number of artists.
	s06.cgpublisher.com /proposals/128/manage_workspace (379 words)

	Sophiatown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sophiatown was the cultural heart of fl Johannesburg in the 40s and 50s until the apartheid regime destroyed it.
		This is a story recalling the politics, jazz sounds and gangs of the legendary area that re-unites many of the best musicians for the first time in years.
		Likened to Harlem in New York, Sophiatown was run by gangsters and imbued with liberation politics until the gradual process of its disintegration began in 1955.
	www.highangle.co.uk /reviews/sophiatown.html (492 words)

	Sunday Times - millennium - 02 January 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It is amazing that the same Sophiatown old-timers today complain about the hip-hop movement and other American influences on South African culture when they were the pioneers of US cultural imperialism.
		What came from Sophiatown was the self-inflated glamour of urbanised fls, and the glorification of irresponsibility and drunkenness.
		Sophiatown in the '50s has been compared with the Harlem Renaissance, the movement that started in New York in the '20s and saw the flowering of African-American culture.
	www.suntimes.co.za /2000/01/02/millennium/mil56.htm (756 words)

	The Legacy Project: Literary Sampler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		I was a stranger walking the streets of blitzed Sophiatown, and although the Western Areas removal scheme had been a reality dating back some two years I had not become fully conscious of it.
		Sophiatown was also like our week-ends, it was the reason, or rather the excuse we used to stop the progress of time, to celebrate a kind of wish fulfillment; we cherished Sophiatown because it brought together such a great concentration of people, we did not live in it, we were Sophiatown.
		It was especially true of Sophiatown, the most cosmopolitan of South Africa’s fl social igloos and perhaps the most perfect experiment in non-racial community living; there were, of course, the inevitable racial tensions, which did not necessarily flare up into colour-caste explosions.
	www.legacy-project.org /lit/display.html?ID=86 (527 words)

	Page Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Despite poverty, squalor and violence Sophiatown was exuberant and alive.
		Sophiatown was his home, the place he went to for solace, inspiration and his stories.
		Sophiatown's rich images, its reputation as the swinging epicenter of the African jazz and literary renaissance belied the often tragic reality of the squalor and hardships that Henry Nxumalo expressed through his writing and work at Drum in particular.
	writingstudio.co.za /page823.html (211 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| sa news SA remembers Sophiatown
		"Sophiatown was also against all the ideals of the Nationalist government," added Victor Mokhine, another former resident.
		Veteran anti-apartheid cleric and Sophiatown's Anglican priest, Archbishop Trevor Huddleston once compared the old township to an Italian village, said former president Nelson Mandela in his autobiography, "Long Walk to Freedom".
		Last week, the documentary film "Sophiatown", a bittersweet trip down memory lane featuring interviews with Mandela, Masekela and singer Dolly Rathebe was released in theatres countrywide.
	iafrica.com /news/sa/412143.htm (651 words)

	The Chronicle: 8/1/2003: A South African Charts the Slang of his Youth
		His grandfather came to work as a laborer in Johannesburg's mines in 1900, part of the huge wave of fl people who migrated to the city in the 20th century as their traditional lands were whittled down by the state.
		The miner bought a small house in Sophiatown, or Little Harlem, one of the few places in Johannesburg where he was permitted to own property.
		While Sophiatown could be violent -- a Clark Gable was somebody who showed an admirable amount of aggression -- it was also the most cosmopolitan neighborhood in Johannesburg, with its Chinese, Indian, and Jewish stores, and the shebeens bustling with fl intellectuals, artists, and writers.
	chronicle.com /free/v49/i47/47a04001.htm (1396 words)

	Sophiatown unveils Sekoto mural - SouthAfrica.info
		The recently completed Gerard Sekoto mural "Sekoto in Sophiatown", painted on the northern exterior wall of the Anglican Christ the King Church, was recently unveiled at a ceremony in the Johannesburg suburb.
		The mural, depicting Archbishop Trevor Huddleston walking the dusty streets of Sophiatown, with two children tugging at his cossack, as well as Sekoto's famous "Yellow Houses", was painted by 12 apprentice artists under the patronage of the Gerard Sekoto Foundation.
		Guests of honour at the unveiling ceremony were Sally Motlana, activist and former resident of Sophiatown, who now lives in Soweto, to which she and her family, along with many Sophiatown residents, were removed in the 1950s and 1960s; Gary Ralfe, MD of De Beers Group; and Marie-Héléne, wife of the French ambassador, Jean Felix-Paganon.
	www.southafrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/history/sekoto-mural.htm (728 words)

	[No title]
		Sophiatown (‘Kofifi’), Western Native Township (‘Die Kas’) and Newclare (‘Maglera’) were three townships which were located to the west of Johannesburg.
		Sophiatown and Newclare were located on both sides of Western Native Township.
		And for Trevor Huddleston, Sophiatown was ‘a remarkable and vitally vigorous community’ (Nicol 1991:23).
	singh.reshma.tripod.com /alternation/alternation2_2/11molamu.htm (6890 words)

	Untitled Document
		Huddleston's observations are especially important, since he arrived in South Africa as the ANC Youth League was forming and became a key ally to the anti-apartheid cause until his recall in 1956, by his monastic Superior.
		Huddleston's campaigning to save Sophiatown launched his 40-year anti-apartheid career, which included his leadership of Britain's Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) from 1981 to 1998 and trustee work for the International Defense and Aid Fund (IDAF).
		Additionally, Huddleston's recall from Sophiatown in 1956, his nervous breakdown in 1974 (fearful of public charges of child abuse), his agonizing over returning to South Africa, and the difficulties of his infirmity all exacerbated an already prickly temperament.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v5/v5i1a10.htm (687 words)

	Sophiatown: recalling the loss - SouthAfrica.info
		Fifty years ago the first families were forcibly removed from their homes in Sophiatown, their possessions loaded on the back of police trucks, and dumped in Meadowlands in Soweto.
		Over the next eight years the vibrant Sophiatown was flattened and removed from the maps of Johannesburg to give way for Triomf - Afrikaans for "triumph" - a residential suburb for whites created by the policy of apartheid.
		When the removals scheme was promulgated, Sophiatown residents united to protest the forced removals, creating famous the slogan "Ons dak nie, ons phola hier" (We won't move).
	www.southafrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/history/sophiatown50.htm (1004 words)

	MAGGIE RESHA
		By 1952 Maggie was serving as an office-bearer in the ANC Sophiatown Branch and was also elected to the NEC of the Federation of South African Women.
		From 1954 onwards she was one of the most important organisers of the campaigns against the forced removal of the Sophiatown community.
		She was arrested for leading a march from Sophiatown to the Johannesburg Pass Offices and spent two weeks in prison.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/people/mresha.html (859 words)

	:: REMEMBERING SOPHIATOWN - 50 YEARS LATER :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A memorial wall, a Gerard Sekoto mural, a huge floor map of old Sophiatown, and the recreation of a beautiful 63-year-old mural at the Anglican Christ the King Church in Sophiatown, are the latest developments in capturing some of the suburb's past memories.
		Between 1939 and 1941 (the church was built in 1935) Sister Margaret painted a beautiful mural in an arch around the nave of the church.
		Guma is also planning to take some of the dumped rubble from behind the church (leftovers from the demolition of old Sophiatown) and construct an altar in the church as a monument to the removals and demolitions.
	www.joburg.org.za /2005/jan/jan31_sophiatown.stm (1125 words)

	KATE MOLALE
		She was one of the leaders in the campaign against the racist regime's actions of forced removal of the people of Sophiatown.
		In 1954 Comrade Kate was elected secretary of the ANC Sophiatown branch.
		She played a leading role in organising the Pioneer organisation in Sophiatown, then known as the Masupatsela(guides), which was initiated by our late comrade, Duma Nokwe, under her guidance.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/people/kmolale.html (938 words)

	Film Review: Sophiatown
		Before being bulldozed as a cornerstone of "subversion", Sophiatown was a small township in 1940s/50s Johannesburg.
		Amidst the austerity of apartheid, with whites-only suburbia on all sides, it became a thriving artistic refuge from the racial intolerance of the regime.
		When the police weighed in and displaced the locals from their homes, the artists and musicians were either forced into exile abroad, or into dead end jobs, alcohol or drug abuse.
	www.iofilm.co.uk /fm/s/sophiatown_2003.shtml (534 words)

	Recreates the spirit of Sophiatown
		The Centre is at the heart of historic Sophiatown, and is active in the area’s social and economic regeneration, with other organisations and local government.
		Almost 50 years after forced removals from Sophiatown, the desire to create a place for people of all backgrounds to work together for the common good is what drives the Centre’s work and vision.
		The goal of the Centre is to create programmes and partnerships that enable people from disadvantaged backgrounds to gain education or training and to develop their potential to provide economic independence or employment and attain well being in their lives.
	www.trevorhuddleston.org (427 words)

	ZA@Play
		Later Sophiatown came to represent a kind of golden age in South Africa’s history — a moment in which the non-racial future could be glimpsed.
		Sophiatown moves swiftly between the concert and reminiscences of the old days, all powered by that extraordinary music, still flowing from people now half a century older than they were when Sophiatown was pulled down.
		Mostly, though, what gives Sophiatown its special flavour is the gritty frankness of its human subjects’ reminiscences, whether it be the admission by one star that she was basically a gangster’s moll, or the confession by another that she actually took a knife to a rival.
	www.chico.mweb.co.za /art/2005/2005feb/050204-motw.html (859 words)

	Mbaqanga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A typical area was the township of Sophiatown near Johannesburg, which had grown since the 1930s into an area of new urban lifestyles for fl city dwellers.
		Such is the power of music that it created a common arena where fl people could mingle with adventurous and liberal whites attracted by its vibrancy, becoming an icon for the first real cultural and social interchange between the races to take place in 20th century South Africa.
		Sophiatown was razed and the white suburb of Triomf built in its place.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/M/Mbaqanga.htm (439 words)

	Sophiatown remembered
		Johannesburg - South Africans of all races on Wednesday gathered on a sunny hill in western Johannesburg to commemorate one of apartheid's cruellest forced removals 50 years ago, when Sophiatown was wiped off the map.
		It was a hotbed of liberation politics, and here where Mandela first called for the now ruling ANC to take up armed resistance against racial segregation.
		Until South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994, the area remained overwhelmingly a white working-class suburb, but dominated by one of the few structures to survive the eviction - the brickface and red-roofed Christ the King Church, from where Huddleston delivered his sermons.
	www.news24.com /News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1659832,00.html (647 words)

	St Francis Xavier Catholic Church, Sophiatown
		Sophiatown was one of the first urban "fl spot" areas to be "cleared" through forced removals under the apartheid policy of the previous government.
		Sophiatown was renamed "Triomf" ("triumph" in Afrikaans) to mark its new all-white status.
		Since the abolition of the hated Group Areas Act (which reserved residential areas for separate race groups) in the early 1990s this suburb has again become multi-cultural, and in 1995 its original name of Sophiatown was restored by the democratic Transitional Metropolitan Structure for greater Johannesburg.
	catholic.co.za /parishes/martindale (1161 words)

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