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Topic: Sophism

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	Introduction
		Sophism is a form of eclectic paganism, drawing material from a wide range of religions and philosophies, including New Age religions and the path of Hermeticism.
		Sophism maintains a spiritual eclecticism, exploring and assimilating what is compatible and valuable from the Traditions with which it comes into contact, and sharing its own insights with other Traditions, to maintain a sense of unity between different religions.
		Sophism, unlike many religions, is an evolving religion, like science it changes as new evidence is brought forward, in the quest to bring the ultimate truths to its followers.
	www.geocities.com /sophismuk/introduction.htm (441 words)

	Welcome to Sophism
		Sophism is a modern spiritual, philosophical, and magical religion based on the combination of ancient wisdom and new science.
		Gaia – Mother Earth, the goddess of Sophism.
		Beliefs of Sophism – These are the morals and beliefs followed by Sophists.
	www.geocities.com /sophismuk/index.htm (165 words)

	History of Philosophy 6
		Atomistic materialism culminated in the Sophism of Protagoras; the doctrines of Heraclitus paved the way to Scepticism, as was demonstrated by Cratylus, the teacher of Plato; and Gorgias the Sophist merely carried to excess the dialectic method introduced by Zeno the Eleatic.
		Besides, Plato, Aristotle, and all our other authorities are so avowedly hostile to the Sophists, and raise so unreasonable objections to Sophism (as when they accuse the Sophists of bartering the mere semblance of knowledge for gold), that we must weigh and examine their every statement before we can admit it as evidence.
		Sophism was not the beginning of an era in philosophy: it was more properly the ending of the era which preceded Socrates.
	www2.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/hop06.htm (1714 words)

	Encyclopedia Galactica - So - Human (Anglic) Revised 351st Edition
		Sophism appropriated concepts and approaches from a number of mystic paths, including the Sufism and cybersufism of the Stella Umma, the Neotaoism of the old Penglai Empire, the Vedanta of the ethnic Hindu habitats, various Buddhist themes, the Questionings of the
		Most important, sophism is non-centralised and non-authoritarian; the only authority is oneself and one's own inner light, although in practice the abbots of the various moastery habitats did impose certain pragmatic regulations.
		Even within the Sophic League itself, Sophism keeps a low profile, being centered on the great monastery habitats that are scattered through the far flung empire, and one can spend a life time on any of the three capitals of the league without seeing a single aspirant.
	www.orionsarm.com /eg/s/So.html (3100 words)

	Sophism: Ideology That Destroys Societies and Nations
		Sophism dissolved the bonds that brought together the hearts of the citizens into common aims....
		Thus, Sophism is anti-Thales, anti-Pythagoras; and Sophism is anti-Solon.
		Sophism has to become the 'in thing' for young people, especially when they are talented and come from wealthy and influential families." And this is exactly what happened in the course of the Fifth Century in Athens.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/2003/sci-techs/3035sophism.html (3428 words)

	Sophism
		Sophism was originally a term for the techniques taught by a highly respected group of philosophy and rhetoric teachers in ancient Greece.
		The derogatory modern usage of the word, suggesting an invalid argument composed of specious reasoning, is not necessarily representative of the beliefs of the original Sophists, except that they generally taught Rhetoric.
		Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle all challenged the philosophical foundations of sophism.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/LX/Sophism.html (703 words)

	Richard the Sophister (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Although as compared to sophism literature of the fourteenth century Richard's analysis of sophisms appears somewhat unsophisticated, as compared to treatments of sophisms of his contemporaries Richard's analyses are qualitatively similar.
		This is the way Richard writes up his summaries: Proposal of the sophism, sometimes within a casus; arguments establishing the truth of the sentence; arguments establishing the falsity of the sentence; resolution of the sophism along with identification of the sophistical fallacy involved.
		Solution: The solution to the sophism is to note that “every man” is equivocal as to reference to every man taken singularly (as in “any man”) and as to every man taken as a whole (as in “all men”).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/richard-sophister (2172 words)

	Review of Buridan on Self-Reference
		But, as before, both Buridan and Hughes presuppose (i) that the sophism is false and (ii) that this claim about the sophism can justifiably be used to undermine the attempt to derive the sophism's truth from its falsity.
		More concretely, they might insist that because their proposal for handling the sophisms in question stands alone in preserving the principle of bivalence, it automatically wins out over its competitors as long as it can be shown to be merely consistent.
		Included in the first class are those who deny that the sophisms are (or express) propositions and hence deny that they have truth-values at all.
	www.nd.edu /~afreddos/papers/buridan.htm (1793 words)

	The Sophism Connections to Buridan's work on his 'Sophismata' chapter of his, 'Summulae de Dialectica.'
		Using classical definitae sophisms are self-referent, paradoxical, and thus inconsistent classico-predicate-logical propositions.
		Indeed, it is from the SOM perspective a sophism.
		Our intent is not to be comprehensive on sophisms, but to show you SOM's limited, almost inutile perspective of reality in its dealings with self-reference.
	www.quantonics.com /Sophism_Connection.html (1511 words)

	The Star of Sophia
		The secret deception by which Sophism in general became disreputable is that the same amorality lies at the heartless center of their esteemed ‘logic’.
		In this perverted ideology reason takes the place of wisdom as man’s highest aspiration despite the fact that the ‘heart’ of wisdom is man’s greatest treasure, from which he is enabled to discover, and perpetuate his connection to the center and eternal source of existence, and from which springs true fulfillment and peace.
		Now as referred to earlier in this essay there is the need to differentiate the two actually opposing types of Sophism: the absolute relativism of Protagoras versus the 'Absolute Relativity' of Socrates; the former deserving the reputation of ‘bad Sophism’, the latter not deserving such.
	www.oyyzz1.com /star_of_sophia_part_II.htm (1235 words)

	Barbelith Underground > Head Shop > Postmodernism
		I would, however, point out that your (Thiassi's, and thus the Georgia Institute of Technology's) description of sophism possesses several characteristics which might be identified as typical of antepostmodernist thought (sorry, I love using that word, and it so rarely happens).
		I also think it's interesting that one of the characteristics differentiating the sophists from the postmodernists is that no one is really sure what the specific tenets of sophism are, only that there's a kind of antithetical relationship to Platonism.
		I concede that Sophism is not as similar to Postmodernism as I first thought it was.
	www.barbelith.com /topic/1115 (2631 words)

	Solipsism
		For example, when we point death as evidence against Solipsism, they claim that given that the person that has invented death has not yet died, that person cannot assure that his mind has died, and that is conceivable that the dying person continues being alive when we have seen his death.
		As you can see, the solipsistic argument in the last paragraph is a sophism because as death is the end of the existence of all living beings, the person that has died cannot return to confirm if he or she has really died.
		Besides, as that person has die, he/she will not think anything because all mental processes stop when the brain dies, so that person will never know whether he/she was imagining a cosmos.
	www.biocab.org /Solipsism.html (652 words)

	Richard the Sophister (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 1999 Edition)
		The puzzling aspect of these sophisms is variously caused by semantic or syntactic ambiguities involved in certain logical or "syncategorematic" words such as "all", "every", "or", "if...then", "and", "not", "begins", "ceases", "except", "necessary", "possible" etc.
		This collection of sophisms became a kind of logical textbook used to teach students to identify sophistical fallacies.
		As noted, this sophism sentence is relatively uncomplicated and it is easy to spot the obvious fallacy involved, but Richard's text proceeds with increasingly more difficult and intricate sophism sentences, many of which engage the mind in complex mental acrobatics.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/fall1999/entries/richard-sophister (1870 words)

	Chapter Soosoo <i>to</i> Sora of S by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		When a false argument puts on the appearance of a true one, then it is properly called a sophism, or "fallacy".
		Let us first rid ourselves of sophisms, those of depraved men, and those of heartless philosophers.
		One of a class of men who taught eloquence, philosophy, and politics in ancient Greece; especially, one of those who, by their fallacious but plausible reasoning, puzzled inquirers after truth, weakened the faith of the people, and drew upon themselves general hatred and contempt.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1210/24094/4.html (351 words)

	interventionmag.com » The Word for Today is Sophism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sophism is the deceptive use of words, and Bush clearly used these words deceptively.
		Bush and his handlers know that the news media only play brief sound bites, and he chose the words to fit in the second sound bite.
		On the one hand, sophism has been a prevalent feature of our political culture since Colonial days.
	interventionmag.com /blog/?p=35 (497 words)

	Christianity Under Attack
		He is good at sensational writings and sophism in communicating his falsehood against Christianity.
		There is a resurgence and dominance of sophism in our present generation that scares me. I write under a pseudonym, “Sophism” because it is a word that summarizes my frustration at most of the writings I have read of late.
		Sophism deals with illogical statements that appear to be logical to the untrained.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=34709 (3481 words)

	Sophism and the Socratic/Platonic Project
		Inspired partly by the apparent successes of the physiologoi ("those who give a logos about physis - nature"), the Sophists began with the serious intent to replicate in the domain of ethics and politics what the earlier philosophers had achieved in the domain of physics.
		However, their search for a human nature and set of ethical and political values which transcended cultural differences and are thus universal, fueled especially by the relativistic tendency of atomism, concluded with a Sophism which argued first of all for ethical relativism (on the basis of the cultural relativism, already well-documented in Socrates' day).
		In this first approach, philosophy -- as the rationally-based enterprise of developing an account of both the physical and ethical/political worlds -- is thus faced with an apparently intractable dilemma:
	www.drury.edu /ess/History/Ancient/Plato1.html (1185 words)

	Sophismata (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		In contrast to the meaning the word ‘sophism’ had in ancient philosophy, ‘sophisma’ in medieval philosophy is a technical term with no pejorative connotation: a sophisma is an ambiguous, puzzling or simply difficult sentence that has to be solved.
		As an important element of scholarly training in universities, closely related to different kinds of disputations, the sophismata not only served to illustrate a theory but, from a more theoretical point of view, were also used to test the limits of a theory.
		Papers Presented at a Conference held at Cornell University on April 20 and 21 1979, under the Title ‘Infinity, Continuity and Indivisibility in Antiquity and the Middle Ages’.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/sophismata (2706 words)

	Liberalism Is A Sin -- CHAPTER 24 A Liberal Sophism and the Church's Diplomacy
		Liberalism Is A Sin -- CHAPTER 24 A Liberal Sophism and the Church's Diplomacy
		It is a sophism to pretend that the Church authorizes by such acts what she has always condemned by other acts.
		Her diplomatic can never frustrate her apostolic ministration, and it is in this latter that we must seek the seeming contradictions of her diplomatic career.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Liberal/LIBERALISM_IS_A_SINp26.htm (780 words)

	Sophism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sophistry refers to the practice of using such arguments, and is used pejoratively for rhetoric that is designed to appeal to the listener on grounds other than the strict logical cogency of the statements being made.
		F.C.S. Schiller - A pragmatist philosopher during the 20th century who argued that Plato had misrepresented the sophists.
		Robert A. Heinlein - While never discussing the nature of Sophism in his works, Heinlein makes many allusions to it in his novels, including citing the archangel Michael (archangel) as an eager Sophist, or more precisely, a solipsist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sophism (1204 words)

	An apology for Sophism
		When one hears "sophism", one thinks of pompous rhetors, indulging in hedonistic decadence; amoral or immoral lawyers turning fl into white with words; and intellectuals who use their minds to mislead their audience.
		However, this image, as frequently happens with other philosophies in periods where they are challenged and dominated by another one (for example, epicurism in Rome), is partially wrong.
		Of course, caricatural politicians or jurists, who only have attention for this detail, only perpetuate the evil caricature that has been drawn of sophists through the ages.
	home.tiscali.be /mauk.haemers/collegium_philosophicum/sophism.htm (594 words)

	sophism - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "sophism" is defined.
		sophism : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Sophism : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=sophism (234 words)

	Sophism (quotations) - List of Items - MSN Encarta
		Sophism (quotations) - List of Items - MSN Encarta
		Logic: Logic is neither a science or an art, but a…
		If we take in our hand any volume; of divinity or school metaphysics, for instance; let us ask,...
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefEdList.aspx?refid=210109714 (46 words)

	Should I dump Mom's sophism and go with your aphorism?
		I think "sophisms" is correct for what Lefty was trying to say.
		Often confused with proverbs and maxims which embody common observations and traditional wisdom, the aphorism originates as a fresh expression of a particular speaker's unconventional insights.
		Click here to see the full question and other panelists' responses.
	www.loveandlearn.com /questions/q79/longhorn.htm (141 words)

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