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Topic: Sophocles

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	Sophocles - LoveToKnow 1911
		SOPHOCLES (495-4 06 B.C.), Greek tragic poet, was born at Colonus in the neighbourhood of Athens.
		Apart from tragic victories, the event of Sophocles' life most fully authenticated is his appointment at the age of fifty-five as one of the generals who served with Pericles in the Samian War (440-439 B.C.).
		As Sophocles has been accused of narrowing the range of tragic sympathy from Hellas to Athens, it deserves mention here that, of some hundred subjects of plays attributed to him, fifteen only are connected with Attica, while exactly the same number belong to the tale of Argos, twelve are Argonautic, and thirty Trojan.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sophocles (5423 words)

	Sophocles and His Tragedies
		Sophocles, with his just perception of the beautiful in art, effected an outward realization of the conceptions of the great master, exhibiting in perfect form before the eyes of Athens what the other had hewn out in rude masses from the mines of thought.
		In the Antigone heroism is exhibited in a purely feminine character; in the Ajax, the manly sense of honor in all its strength.
		In the Trachiniæ, or Women of Trachis, are described the sufferings of Hercules and the levity of Dëianeira, atoned for by her death; the Electra is distinguished by energy and pathos, and in the Oedipus at Colonus are a mildness and gracefulness suggestive of the character of the author.
	www.theatrehistory.com /ancient/sophocles001.html (1239 words)

	Sophocles
		SOPHOCLES was born in the autumn of 497 [B.C.], twenty-eight years after Aeschylus.
		Sophocles was married to a wife named Nicostrata, by whom he became the father of Iophon.
		Two portraits of Sophocles are known to have existed in ancient times -- the painting in the Stoa, in which he was represented as playing the harp, and which was probably the work of the fifth century; and the bronze statue erected in the theatre towards the close of the fourth.
	www.theatredatabase.com /ancient/sophocles_001.html (2686 words)

	Sophocles - MSN Encarta
		Sophocles was born about 496 bc in Colonus Hippius (now part of Athens), the son of Sophillus, reportedly a wealthy armor-maker.
		Sophocles is considered by many modern scholars the greatest of the Greek tragedians and the perfect mean between the titanic symbolism of Aeschylus and the rhetorical realism of Euripides.
		Sophocles also effected a transformation in the spirit and significance of a tragedy; thereafter, although problems of religion and morality still provided the themes, the nature of man, his problems, and his struggles became the chief interest of Greek tragedy.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554045/Sophocles.html (640 words)

	Sophocles (c. 495-406 B.C.)
		SOPHOCLES, the son of Sophilus, was born at Colonus, a village about one mile from Athens, in 495 B.C., five years before Marathon, and fifteen before Salamis.
		Sophocles marks the passage from the drama as a religious institution to the drama as a work of pure art.
		Of the consummate beauty of Sophocles as a poet, of his unerring feeling for truth and symmetry, of his nobility and dignity of manner, of his exquisite mastery of himself and all his resources, ancients and moderns are eloquent.
	www.usefultrivia.com /biographies/sophocles_001.html (669 words)

	SOPHOCLES - LoveToKnow Article on SOPHOCLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The date assigned for the poets birth is in accordance with the tale that young Sophocles, then a pupil of the musician Lamprus, was chosen to lead the chorus of boys in the celebration of the victory of Salamis (480 n.e.).
		As Sophocles has been accused of narrowing the range of tragic sympathy from Hellas to Athens, it deserves mention here that, of some hundred subjects of plays attributed to him, fifteen only are connected with Attica, while exactly the ~same number belong to the tale of Argos, twelve are Argonautic, and thirty Trojan.
		The proportion of the lyrics to the level dialogue is considerably less on the average in Sophocles than in Aeschylus, as might be expected from the development of the purely dramatic element, and the consequent subordination of the chorus to the protagonist.
	89.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SO/SOPHOCLES.htm (6493 words)

	Sophocles - Phantis
		Sophocles (496 BC–406 BC; Greek: Σοφοκλης) was an ancient Greek playwright, dramatist, priest and politician of Athens.
		Sophocles was born about a mile northwest of Athens in the rural deme (small community) of Colonus Hippius in Attica.
		In 440 BC, Sophocles was elected as one of the ten strategoi (military commanders) of Athens.
	wiki.phantis.com /index.php/Sophocles (543 words)

	GradeSaver: ClassicNote: Biography of Sophocles
		The Greek playwright Sophocles was born in 496 BC at Colonus, near Athens.
		Sophocles came from a stable, well-to-do family, and from the beginning, it seemed that he was blessed in every way.
		He was an innovator in his art: Sophocles improved stage scenery, reduced the importance of the chorus, and, most significantly, added a third speaking actor to the traditional two.
	www.gradesaver.com /classicnotes/authors/about_sophocles.html (668 words)

	Sophocles Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ NaturalResearch.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sophocles was born about a mile northwest of Athens in the rural deme (small community) of Colonus Hippius in Attica, which today is near the railway station.
		The ancient life of Sophocles disputes claims that his father, Sophillus, was a carpenter, smith, or swordmaker, asserting rather that he owned slaves who pursued such occupations.
		The Life goes on to say the young Sophocles won awards in wrestling and music, and was graceful and handsome.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Sophocles (712 words)

	Drama Authors in Depth - Sophocles - Meyer Literature
		Sophocles embodied much of the best of Athenian culture; he enjoyed success as a statesman, general, treasurer, priest, and, of course, prize-winning dramatist.
		Sophocles was also the first dramatist to write plays with specific actors in mind, a development that many later playwrights, including Shakespeare, exploited usefully.
		Sophocles is chosen as one of the leaders to deal with the Sicilian crisis.
	www.bedfordstmartins.com /literature/bedlit/authors_depth/sophocles.htm (396 words)

	Sophocles - Books and Biography
		He also served on the Board of Generals, a committee that administered civil and military affairs in Athens, and for a time he was director of the Treasury, controlling the funds of the association of states known as the Delian Confederacy.
		Sophocles chose to make each tragedy a complete entity in itself--as a result, he had to pack all of his action into the shorter form, and this clearly offered greater dramatic possibilities.
		Sophocles dismisses the ethical question and adresses himself to the problem of character.
	www.readprint.com /author-75/-Sophocles (671 words)

	ArtandCulture Artist: Sophocles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sophocles’ characters seem to have a chance, if only they would listen, to escape the ensuing doom -- but no, they’re too stubborn and driven to listen closely.
		Such is the plight of humans in the world of Sophocles: fate might not be completely determined, but the small space of freedom is inevitably squandered by bad decisions, ill-conceived actions, and misinterpretations.
		Sophocles is the epitome of a great playwright in terms of both talent and productivity.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/artist?id=1301 (641 words)

	Intro to Sophocles
		Sophocles was born circa 496 BCE in Colonus, the scene of one of his more famous plays outside of Athens, to his father "Sophillus [who] sent Sophocles to school in Athens" (historyforkids.org).
		Sophocles was still a child when Athens defeated the Persians at the Battle of Marathon, thus halting a Persian invasion of all of Greece and the turning point of the First Persian War.
		Sophocles approves himself to the great majority of readers mainly for two reasons: either because he is so finished and subtle in his diction, and easily stands out as the most learned among the whole learned Greek race: or because he weaves the general sequence of his plot so cleverly and cunningly.
	home.nycap.rr.com /foxmob/soph_bio.htm (2476 words)

	Sophocles - Free Online Library
		Sophocles (496 B.C. Sophocles, one of the greatest dramatists of the Athenian golden age, was born near Athens in about 495 B.C. His father was a wealthy merchant, and he enjoyed an aristocratic education in the arts.
		Sophocles' first performance as a playwright, at the age of twenty-eight, was at the City Dionysia of 486 B.C., in which he took first place in a victory over Aeschylus.
		Sophocles was active until the end of his life, and passed away shortly after the production of Oedipus at Colonus in 405 B.C., aged ninety-one.
	sophocles.thefreelibrary.com (291 words)

	Sophocles. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A man of wealth, charm, and genius, Sophocles was given posts of responsibility in peace and in war by the Athenians.
		The characters in Sophocles are governed in their fate more by their own faults than by the actions of the gods as in the tragedies of Aeschylus.
		Sophocles is supposed to have said that Aeschylus composed correctly without knowing it; Euripides portrayed people as they were; and he painted people as they ought to be.
	www.bartleby.com /65/so/Sophocle.html (453 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sophocles (Classical Literature, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		A man of wealth, charm, and genius, Sophocles was given posts of responsibility in peace and in war by the Athenians.
		The characters in Sophocles are governed in their fate more by their own faults than by the actions of the gods as in the tragedies of Aeschylus.
		Sophocles is supposed to have said that Aeschylus composed correctly without knowing it; Euripides portrayed people as they were; and he painted people as they ought to be.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sophocle.html (516 words)

	Island of Freedom - Sophocles
		The career of Sophocles, one of the three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece, the other two being Aeschylus and Euripides, spanned the period of greatest political and cultural achievement in Athens.
		Sophocles was born in Colonus Hippius (now part of Athens), the son of Sophillus, reportedly a wealthy armor-maker.
		To be a hero in Sophocles is to be the bearer of a destiny that is mysteriously bound up with the divine will, but one that nevertheless must be worked out in the individual's life.
	www.island-of-freedom.com /SOPHOCLE.HTM (946 words)

	Sophocles Index
		Sophocles and His Tragedies - Biography of the Greek dramatist and analysis of his poetic qualities.
		Sophocles: Monologues - An index of monologues by the Greek dramatist.
		Sophocles: Poems - An index of poems by the Greek dramatist.
	www.theatrehistory.com /ancient/sophocles.html (137 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sophocles shows in Antigone that an individual's pride and arrogance could have deadly consequences in his life.
		But of the three, Sophocles lived most fully in the public eye, and more details of his biography were recorded than of almost any other figure in Periclean Athens.
		Sophocles' tragedies are usually regarded as the high point of Attic drama.
	www.lycos.com /info/sophocles--plays.html?page=3 (560 words)

	Sophocles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sophocles (early 5th century–406 BC; Greek: Σοφοκλη&sigmaf;) was an ancient Greek playwright, dramatist, priest, and politician of Athens.
		Some historians speculate that Sophilos was a carpenter, smith, or swordmaker; the majority believe he ran some kind of armaments business or factory that employed people of many occupations.
		At the age of 16, he was chosen to lead the chorus of naked boys (paean) at the Athenian celebration of the victory against the Persians at the Battle of Salamis in 480.
	www.worldslastchance.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Sophocles (952 words)

	Biography of Sophocles
		Sophocles' plays are notoriously difficult to date, and scholars assign production dates of some plays to a span of twenty years.
		Sophocles also increased chorus from 12 to 15 members, wrote a treatise (now lost) on the use of the chorus in drama, and enhanced the role of scene painting.
		Sophocles also was the first playwright not to act in his own plays, owing to the weakness of his voice; remember, Greek drama was performed outdoors before 16,000 people, so a strong voice was essential for an actor.
	www.temple.edu /ih/Sophocles/Biography/index.htm (921 words)

	Sophocles Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		The son of Sophilus, a well-to-do industrialist, Sophocles was born in Colonus near Athens and grew up in the most brilliant intellectual period of Athens.
		Sophocles had two sons, lophon and Sophocles, by his first wife, Nicostrata, and he had a third son, Ariston, by his second wife, Theoris.
		It was Sophocles who raised the number of the chorus from 12 to 15 members and initiated other technical improvements, such as scene painting and better tragic masks.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/sophocles (1754 words)

	Sophocles and Athenian Drama.
		Sophocles did not engage in politics but seems to have enjoyed polis life, leading the chorus in the celebrations for Salamis in 480, and twice acting as strategos (general).
		Although (according to Plutarch) Sophocles had an earlier high-flown style, and an intermediate artificial and harsh style, it is the final style that appears in the seven plays that have come down to us — dignified, natural and with a good ear for dialogue.
		Sophocles substituted a self-contained plot for the Aeschylean habit of relating to current events, and introduced a third actor to make plot and characters more complex and interesting.
	www.poetrymagic.co.uk /poets/sophocles.html (753 words)

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