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Topic: Sorbian languages

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Upper Sorbian language

Upper Sorbian

Lower Sorbian language

Endangered language

Slavic languages

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Differences in official languages in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia

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	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Sorbian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sorbian is spoken in Upper and Lower Lusatia in the German Länder of Saxony and Brandenburg.
		Until the 10th century, Sorbian was spoken between the Bober and Queiß in the east and the Saale in the west, the Erz and Lusatian mountains in the south and roughly as far as Frankfurt on the Oder, Köpenick and Jüteborg.
		Despite the Sorbian language being firmly encapsulated in the law at national and Land level, in practice the language is hardly ever used in court, since all Sorbs are bilingual and generally use German in official places and in dealings with the authorities.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sorbian-languages (1257 words)

	Sorbian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sorbian languages are classified under the West Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages.
		The area where the two languages are spoken is known as Lusatia (Łužica in Upper Sorbian, Łužyca in Lower Sorbian, or Lausitz in German).
		Sorbian is also spoken in the small Wendish settlement of Serbin in Lee County, Texas, and until recently newspapers were published in Wendish there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sorbian (278 words)

	Sorbian languages: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The english language is a west germanic language that originated in england from old english (anglo-saxon), the language of the anglo-saxons of northern...
		The polish language is the most widely-spoken of the slavic language subgroup of lekhitic languages which include kashubian (and its extinct dialect/language slovincian)...
		The croatian language is a language of the western group of south slavic languages which is used primarily by the croats....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/sorbian_languages.htm (1080 words)

	ipedia.com: Sorbian languages Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Sorbian and Lusatian languages are members of the West Slavic branch of languages spoken in eastern Germany.
		There are two languages - Upper Sorbian (hornjoserbsce) spoken in Saxony and Lower Sorbian (dolnoserbski) spoken in Brandenburg.
		Sorbian is also spoken in a small Wendish settlement in Lee County, Texas, and until recently newspapers were published in Wendish there.
	www.ipedia.com /sorbian_languages.html (212 words)

	Upper and Lower Sorbian language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Sorbian, or Wendisch, is a member of the West Slavic subgroup of Indo-European languges spoken by about 55,000 people in Upper and Lower Lusatia in the German Länder of Saxony and Brandenburg.
		In the mid-19th century, written Upper Sorbian based on the dialect spoken around Bautzen was introduced as the compulsory standard in the Sorbian-speaking area in Upper Lusatia, while written Lower Sorbian based on the Cottbus dialect was introduced as the standard written form in Lower Lusatia.
		Sorbian is taught as a subject in a number of secondary schools and used as a medium of instruction for some subjects.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/sorbian.htm (528 words)

	Slavic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The evolution of literary languages in Poland, Bohemia, and Slovakia was stymied by the domination of Latin as the language of worship.
		While Vuk Karadžić was fighting with the patriarch in Vojvodina for his attempts at ensuring a uniform literary and spoken language, inside Bulgaria the Church tried to establish firmly the Church Slavonic language as the literary language of the country.
		Similarly, in the Republic of Dubrovnik, Croatian became an official language in parallel to Ragusan Dalmatian and Latin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slavic_languages (2173 words)

	Slavonic languages
		The myriad differences between the dialects and languages in phonetics, grammar, and above all vocabulary may cause misunderstandings even in the simplest of conversations; and the difficulties are greater in the language of journalism, technical usage, and belles lettres, even in the case of closely connected languages.
		The Slovak literary language was formed on the basis of a Central Slovak dialect in the middle of the 19th century.
		The comparatively early rise of the West Slavic (and the westernmost South Slavic) languages as separate literary vehicles was related to a variety of religious and political factors that resulted in the decline of the western variants of the Church Slavonic language.
	www.rkp-montreal.org /en/05slavoniclanguages.html (5789 words)

	Sorbian alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sorbian alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet but uses diacritics such as the acute accent and the caron.
		The standard character encoding for the Sorbian alphabet is ISO 8859-2 (Latin-2).
		The alphabet is used for the Sorbian languages, although some letters are used in only one of the two languages (Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sorbian_alphabet (101 words)

	Meractor Media (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		All public use of the Sorbian language and reporting about the Sorbs in the German press was banned by the Nazis in 1937.
		A law protecting the rights of the Sorbian population was passed in the provincial parliament of Sakska (Saxony) in 1948, and in 1950 the same general principles were adopted in Braniborska (Brandenburg).
		Since 1994 the Sorbian languages have been adopted as part of the curriculum in the schools of Sakska (Saxony) and Braniborska (Brandenburg) as foreign languages.
	www.aber.ac.uk /~merwww/english/lang/sorbian.htm (474 words)

	West Slavic Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Czech is the official language of the Czech Republic (formerly Central and Western Czechoslovakia) where it is spoken by about 12 million people.
		Sorbian is actually two languages: Upper Sorbian (with 55,000 speakers, of which 15,000 are native speakers), spoken in Saxony, and Lower Sorbian (with 14,000 native speakers), spoken in Brandenburg.
		The two languages are considered to be endangered as most native speakers are of an older generation.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/WestSlavicLanguages.html (764 words)

	Dr. Robert Elsie - Anthology of Sorbian Poetry
		Upper Sorbian (hornjoserbscina) is spoken by large sections of the rural population of Upper Lusatia northeast of Dresden between the towns of Bautzen (Budysin), Hoyerswerda (Wojerecy) and Kamenz (Kamjenc).
		The language is best preserved in the countryside, in particular in the so-called Catholic villages west of Bautzen which, perhaps due to their traditional isolation within a predominantly Protestant region, have held more faithfully to their traditions.
		A landmark in the history of Sorbian literature was the founding in 1706 of the Catholic Serbski seminar or Sorbian Seminary in Prague, and in 1716 of the Protestant Serbske Predarske Towarstwo or Sorbian Preachers' Society in Leipzig.
	www.elsie.de /pub/b06.html (1143 words)

	Sorbian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sorbian is also spoken in a small settlement in Lee County Texas and until recently newspapers were published Wendish there.
		The language, which resembles Czech and Polish in many ways, has many of its own special features - a quick browse of the pages turns up some of these.
		A historical phonology of the upper and lower Sorbian languages (Historical phonology of the Slavic languages)
	www.freeglossary.com /Sorbian_language (346 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Germany: Legislation
		SORBIAN LANGUAGE: The legal basis for the protection of the Sorbian population is provided in the German Unification Treaty (1990), the Constitutions for Saxony and Brandenburg (1992), the laws protecting the rights of the Sorbs (Wends) in the Land of Brandenburg (1994).
		In the Sorb settlements, the Sorbian language is used along with the German language on public signs, the signs for names of counties and municipalities, public buildings, and institutions.
		As the Parliament’s motion claims, in spite Germany ratified the Language Charter and passed the 1997 Land’s School Decree (entitled “The Region in the Classroom”), Low German and Saterfrisian (or East Frisian) are nearly inexistent in Lower Saxony’s general education schools.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=57&TID=1 (2559 words)

	Macedonia FAQ: The Macedonian Language In the Development Of the Slavic Literary Languages
		The modern Russian literary language was created, first among all the modern Slavic languages in the eastern sphere, in such a way that it represents, generally speaking, a synthesis between Church Slavonic and the popular language of the higher levels of Russian society in the 18th century.
		The national languages gradually began to be affirmed in literary activity, mainly from the 14th century on, at first functioning only as a lower stylistic level in contrast to Latin, which retained its place as the language of high culture.
		The Polish literary language, whose origins date to the 13th or 14th century at the earliest, is unique among the Slavic literary languages in that it has developed without interruption from its beginnings until the present.
	faq.macedonia.org /language/development.html (7719 words)

	The Slavic Branch of the Indo-European Family
		With the exception of Sorbian, all Slavic languages are national or official languages of the countries where they are predominantly spoken.
		Upper Sorbian is recognized in Germany as a minority language (Ethnologue).
		The sources of borrowing vary somewhat from language to language, depending on history and geographical location, e.g., Balkan languages such as Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Macedonian have a large number of Turkish words due to having been conquered by Ottoman Turks.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/SlavicBranch.html (938 words)

	Lusatian (Sorbian) Collections
		The earliest Sorbian printed text in the British Library dates from 1603 and is the Lord's Prayer contained in Hieronymus Megiser's Specimen quinquaginta (Frankfurt, 1603) [G.20009], a collection of the Lord's Prayer in 50 languages.
		Study of the Sorbian language began in the 17th century and the British Library has the earliest Upper Lusatian grammar; Principia lingua Wendicae by the Jesuit J. Ticinus, published in Prague in 1679 [G.16748] and Abraham Frencel's celebrated dictionary De originibus linguae Sorabicae (1694) [68.a.15(1)] and [1333.e.22].
		Poetry in Sorbian began to flourish and was mostly published in periodicals that started to appear in the second half of the 19th century.
	www.bl.uk /collections/easteuropean/lusatian.html (1555 words)

	Gary H. Toops, Wichita State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The proposed paper examines the Upper Sorbian language as it is used in the writings of Sorbs whose ages range from approximately 18 to 30.
		Among the West Slavic languages, Upper Sorbian has the fourth largest number of speakers (approximately 30,000–40,000) and is spoken in Upper Lusatia, a region of eastern Germany not far from the Czech and Polish borders.
		As a result, the language underwent imperfect transmission from pre–War to post–War generations of Sorbs, so that the language commonly used by today's Upper Sorbian youth is different—both lexically and grammatically —from that of their grandparents and, in many cases, even their parents.
	aatseel.org /program/aatseel/2002/abstracts/Toops.html (451 words)

	Contributor17 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Given the practicality of German as a language of international trade, the burgeoning urban middle class and the legal system (see the application of the Magdeburg Law to Slavic cities), we must also reckon with the possibility that Yiddish could have spread from the German lands in the absence of significant numbers of native speakers.
		Languages which have been in close contact with Slavic for as long, or almost as long, as Yiddish do not reveal the extreme “Slavicization” that allegedly characterizes Yiddish.
		Sorbian could not have developed a pseudo-dual since the stress became fixed on the initial root syllable between the 12th-14th centuries (Schaarschmidt 1998, 87-88) and the original dual category survived.
	www.israelshamir.net /Contributors/Contributor17.htm (8343 words)

	Sorbian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Sorbian and Lusatian languages are members of the West Slavic branch of languages spoken in eastern Germany.They are also known as Wendish.
		Thisis used when when exactly two people or things are meant and is addition to singular and plural.
		Sorbian is also spoken in a small Wendish settlement in LeeCounty, Texas, and until recently newspapers were published in Wendish there.
	www.therfcc.org /sorbian-languages-141932.html (130 words)

	Martina Lindseth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Slavic languages are surprisingly diverse from the perspective of null-subject phenomena.
		The division of Slavic languages with respect to their null-subject properties can be formalized in terms of an inconsistency in the functional projections of the Russian verb.
		Instead, Sorbian should be described as an optional null-subject language, with null and overt pronouns in free variation.
	aatseel.org /dissertations/linguistics/lindsethm.html (319 words)

	Sorbian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The centre of the Upper Sorbian speech area is Bautzen, near the border with the Czech Republic, while Cottbus, near Poland, is the centre for Lower Sorbian.
		The oldest written record of Sorbian dates from the 15th century, although the languages, differing mostly in their sound systems, are known to have begun to diverge around the 13th century.
		Upper Sorbian enjoyed a considerable amount of prestige in Saxony, while the kingdom of Prussia attempted to suppress Lower Sorbian.
	www.rkp-montreal.org /en/05sorbian.html (132 words)

	Sorbian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nowadays, after the reunification of Germany, Sorbian languages are taught in schools and universities of East Germany, and so a sort of national revival is seen.
		Actually, they are two different languages, Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian, but they are very similar to each other and have only slight differences.
		The dictionary of Sorbian, however, has suffered great and strong influence of German, and the percent of Slavic words is much lower than in other modern Slavic tongues.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/slav/sorbian.html (307 words)

	Projekat Rastko - Luzica / Project Rastko - Lusatia
		The Lower Lusatian Wends complain that the Lower Sorbian language that they are taught in school does not correspond with the language, they call Wendish, that they speak at home.
		She says they should also try to reach agreement on what should be taught as the standard written language and what elements of the colloquial language should be taught.
		The Sorbian School Association, which Budarjowa headed until recently, has launched an innovative "total immersion" project in which German and Sorbian kindergarten pupils are taught in a combined Sorbian- and German-language environment.
	www.rastko.org.yu /rastko-lu/istorija/savremena/jnaegele-tosurvive.html (988 words)

	About Wends and Sorbs - Immigration in Australia
		Although Lusatia was part of the territory of German states, the Wends/Sorbs had their own language, cultural customs and traditional dress.
		Both the German and Wendish/Sorbian languages were used in Lusatia.
		In SA they settled alongside Germans and eventually stopped using the Wendish/Sorbian language, for although they could understand German, their German neighbours couldn't speak Wendish/Sorbian.
	www.teachers.ash.org.au /dnutting/germanaustralia/e/sorbs.htm (331 words)

	Maps of Indo-European Languages-Sorbian
		This map shows the regions of the world where Sorbian was once spoken (red circle).
		Sorbian is in the West Slavic family of languages, which in turn come from the Slavic sub-branch of the Balto-Slavic branch of Indo-European.
		It is also related to East Slavic languages like Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian, and to South Slavic languages like Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, and Bulgarian.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/IE_Satem_Sorbian.html (165 words)

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