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	Sosigenes - LoveToKnow 1911
		SOSIGENES, Greek astronomer and mathematician, probably of Alexandria, flourished in the 1st century B.C. According to Pliny (Nat.
		8) it is inferred that Sosigenes maintained the doctrine of the motion of Mercury round the sun, which is referred to by his contemporary Cicero, and was also held by the Egyptians.
		The astronomer is to be distinguished from the Peripatetic philosopher of the same name, who lived at the end of the 2nd century A.D. He was the tutor of Alexander of Aphrodisias, the most famous of the commentators on Aristotle.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sosigenes (161 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 881 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The fleet had arrived at Rhosus, where it was detained by contrary winds, when that of Antigonus suddenly arrived, adorned with garlands and other triumphal ornaments, from its recent victory at the Hellespont.
		Sosigenes himself was on shore, and was unable to restrain the crews, who immediately declared in favour of Antigonus, and joined the hostile fleet.
		But it must be clear that if Sosigenes had remained at Rome, the Augustan correction never could have been needed: the leap-year would never have been made a triennial intercalation under the eye of the astronomer himself.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3215.html (828 words)

	Sosigenes
		Sosigenes was named by Pliny the Elder as the astronomer consulted by Julius Caesar for the design of the Julian calendar.
		I.e., Sosigenes is credited with work on the orbit of Mercury.
		According to the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, there was another Sosigenes who was a Peripatetic philosopher living at the end of the 2nd century A.D. He was the tutor of Alexander of Aphrodisias and wrote a work on Revolving Spheres, from which some important extracts have been preserved in Simplicius's commentary on Aristotle's De caelo.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/so/Sosigenes.html (240 words)

	Sosigenes 2.0
		Sosigenes is an independent research and advisory consultant focused on IT issues and their impact on the financial services industry in today's rapidly evolving world.
		Sosigenes is a true partner, advisor, and catalyst who by exchanging ideas and challenging basic assumptions ensures that his clients always stay one step ahead of the competition.
		Sosigenes willl allow you to invest in the new wave of interesting things.
	www.sosigenes.com (376 words)

	Julian calendar
		A calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 B.C. and created by Caesar's resident expert in such matters, a Greek named Sosigenes, to replace the Roman calendar.
		Sosigenes set up the months as we now know them and added an extra day in February every fourth year (see leap year).
		This gives an average year of 365¼ days, which is pretty close to the period over which the seasons exactly repeat (the tropical year).
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/J/Julian_calendar.html (314 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Julian calendar - Calendar Encyclopedia
		The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and took force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita).
		It was chosen after consultation with the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year, known at least since Hipparchus.
		While Hipparchus and presumably Sosigenes were aware of the discrepancy, although not of its correct value, it was evidently felt to be of little importance.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Julian_calendar.htm (2559 words)

	Rediscover Ancient Egypt - The Perfect Egyptian Calendar
		Sosigenes' work is best described in an excerpt from The Book of the Master of the Hidden Places by Marsham Adams:
		He [Sosigenes] took no heed of standard or measure, of orbit or of sacred interval.
		But first he cut up the year into twelve unequal and unmeaning bits -- to say he divided it into portions is far too scientific an expression -- which rags bore indeed the name of the insulted moon, but of which that mighty measurer condescended to make no sort of recognition.
	www.egypt-tehuti.org /articles/egyptian-calendar.html (881 words)

	2000 Divided by 400 Equals Leap Year , Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Caesar noticed this error and enlisted Sosigenes, an astronomer from Alexandria, to invent a new calendar.
		Sosigenes knew that it takes Earth 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds to orbit the sun.
		The Julian calendar remained unchanged for more than seven centuries, until a monk known as the Venerable Bede calculated that the 365 1/4-day Julian year was 11 minutes, 14 seconds too long to keep perfect time with Earth’s journey around the sun.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF14/1478.html (551 words)

	Leap Seconds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		His Greek astronomer, Sosigenes, knew that the year was about a quarter of a day too long, and he made some very clever suggestions that seemed like nifty ideas to Caesar.
		At that time, in Rome as well as in much older kingdoms, the fellow on the throne regularly inserted or deleted days from the calendar whenever his astronomers recommended it.
		Sosigenes and Caesar were long gone before anyone noticed it, however.
	www.pauahtun.org /Software/leapsec.1.html (803 words)

	July in Roman Old Style calendar.
		In 46 B.C., on the advice of the astronomer Sosigenes, a Greek from Alexandria, Caesar reshaped the roman calendar, basing it on the Egyptian solar year; he kept the old Roman month names but assigned the months an unequal number of days.
		While setting aside the lunar basis of the calendar, Caesar apparently insisted that Sosigenes annex to the new calendar a separate system for calculating the moon’s cycles to guide the dating of festivals that were dependent on the moon’s changes.
		It seems that Sosigenes chose the 19-year Metonic lunar cycle from Greece, and he gave his lunar calculations of March 1 as the starting month in the solar year.
	www.wordquests.info /july-history.html (701 words)

	The Julian Calendar
		The astronomer Sosigenes from Alexandria was given, by Julius Caesar, the task of designing an easy-to-use and exact calendar.
		Sosigenes assumed that the year had a length of 365
		Sosigenes' leap year rule made four years have 1461 days, resulting in an average length of one year of 365.25 days, which is about 11 minutes longer than the exact length of the year.
	www.ortelius.de /kalender/jul_en.php (1605 words)

	Sosigenes (1st century B.C.)
		Of the author of the Reform of the Calendar, under Julius Caesar in 46 B.C., nothing whatsoever is known except that he was an astronomer of Egypt.
		This must have been known to Caesar and to Sosigenes; as more than 100 years before, it had been proved by Hipparchus, whose calculation was within 4 minutes of the truth.
		Hipparchus had calculated that the error would amount to a day in 300 years; but it seems that the error is more than double and would amount to a day in 128 years.
	www.usefultrivia.com /biographies/sosigenes_001.html (409 words)

	Dating of Official Documents Worldwide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This calendar was based on the work of a Greek scholar named Sosigenes and was one of the major contributions that Julius Caesar left the world.
		They concluded that Sosigenes had miscalculated, so they moved the day of Spring equinox to March 21 (Sosigenes had it set on March 25, and the Spring equinox was the standard for determining Easter).
		As we now understand, this was necessary because the whole system was flawed in that the calendar year was shorter then the solar year - making necessary a change of four days in approximately four centuries.
	www.ifca.org /voice/01Nov-Dec/klaassen.htm (866 words)

	The News Ltd. » Going on a Date? …a view again from an unbeliever.
		Of course if Sosigenes did make this system at the conclusion of the republican wars, then Julius was already long dead.
		He (Sosigenes) adopted the Julian calendar to replace the already mentioned multiple calendars with a 365 - day year with an extra day every fourth year.
		Before we leave Sosigenes, he made one other remarkable observation which was unfortunately, not taken up again for centuries.
	www.thenewsltd.com /?p=64 (1825 words)

	ephemeris.com Early History of Astronomy - The Romans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Sosigenes calculated the Solar Year to have 365.25 days (365 days and 6 hours).
		To accomodate this quarter-day discrepancy, Julius Caesar adopted a calendar of 365 days like the Egyptians, but made every fourth year a leap year on the advice of Egyptian astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria.
		This new calendar was strictly based on the Solar Year, with no attempt to reconcile it with the Lunar Month.
	ephemeris.com /history/romans.html (1141 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It was in fact an Alexandrian scholar named Sosigenes who advised Julius Cesar during the introduction of the calendar into the Roman empire in the year 46 BC.
		It was chosen after consultation with Sosigenes and was obviously designed to approximate the tropical year as it was known at the time.
		It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months, and a leap day is added every 4 years.
	www.lycos.com /info/julian-calendar.html?page=2 (246 words)

	Amazon.com: Sosigenes: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Whilst he was yet in doubt, his friend Sosigenes arrived, who had four hundred pieces of gold about him,...
		Sosigenes of Alexandria knew that the calendar had drifted completely around...
		Of particular help was the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes, whose advice was to drop the lunar calendar altogether and...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Sosigenes&tag=httpexplaguid-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (1029 words)

	JCMuse
		Sosigenes developed a calendar based on a solar or tropical year of 365.25 days.
		So celebrated was Sosigenes' calendar - though he rarely gets any credit - that it has been known for 2,000 years as the Julian calendar, named, of course, for Caesar.
		The Roman Senate even decreed that the month of Caesar's birth, called Quintilis, should now be called Julius (we know it as July) and the Julian calendar came into use on January 1, 45 BCE.
	www.baltimoreshakespeare.org /Muse/JuliusCaesarMuse.htm (1177 words)

	The Sirius Research Group
		Had it not been for the great Alexandrian scholar and astronomer Sosigenes, who was brought to Julius Caesar in 46 BCE to help him “overhaul” the Roman calendar, there would have never been any spring equinox occurring on March 21st in the subsequent years until roughly 300 CE – i.e.
		Thus, the wise Sosigenes not just re-introduced the ancient Egyptian solar calendar with its well-known four-year leap day cycle, but also accounted for the secular error of one (leap) day every 128.18 solar years.
		As a reminder and symbol of a genuine surviving fragment of ancient wisdom, Sosigenes began the “new year” on the 1st of January 45 BCE, representing the first day of the month of Thoth in the tradition of the ancient “Sirius” calendar.
	siriusresearchgroup.com /articles/Sothis3.shtml (1675 words)

	Sosigenes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sosigenes of Alexandria, an astronomer consulted by Julius Caesar for the design of the Julian calendar.
		Sosigenes the Peripatetic, who was a peripatetic philosopher living at the end of the 2nd century A.D. and the tutor of Alexander of Aphrodisias.
		This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sosigenes (103 words)

	DEC Y2K Report
		His extremely thorough response has since become quite famous in VMS circles, as it is probably the only SPR response to mention Sosigenes, Regiomontanus and the Council of Trent.
		By imperial decree, one year was made 445 days long to bring the calendar back in step with the seasons.
		Caesar's year was 11 1/2 minutes short of the calculations recommended by Sosigenes and eventually the date of the vernal equinox began to drift.
	www.kettering.edu /~jhuggins/humor/y2kdec.html (994 words)

	Minnesota Starwatch for March 1996
		Sosigenes, an Alexandrian astronomer, was charged with the task of coming up with a new calendar.
		Unlike many a modern government science advisory panel, Sosigenes devised a solution which was actually implemented.
		The Julian calendar, as Sosigenes' plan was known, divided the year in the 365, twelve month sequence now familiar to Western civilization.
	www.astro.umn.edu /outreach/starwatch/starwatch0396.html (941 words)

	www.4Kids.org - Week of February 1, 2004
		However, the lunar calendar fell out of sync with the seasons, so Caesar hired the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes to create an accurate calendar.
		Sosigenes understood that a complete ride around the sun took 365 1/4 days.
		In 1582, Pope Gregory XII noticed that the spring equinox was 10 days early that year.
	www.4kids.org /backissues/2004/4kidsHTML02-01-04/index.html (444 words)

	The Calendar
		It was developed when Julius Caesar asked the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes to reform the calendar the Romans were presently using.
		Sosigenes suggested the new calendar have 365.25 days in a year.
		The Roman Senate changed the name of the month Quintilis to July for Julius, and the name of month Sextilis to August for Augustus.
	www.mce.k12tn.net /ancient_rome/calendar.htm (369 words)

	Julian Calendar - OrthodoxWiki
		It was developed in consultation with the Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year.
		On average, the astronomical solstices and the equinoxes advance by about 11 minutes per year against the Julian Calendar year, causing the Julian Calendar to drift backwards one day about every 128 years.
		While Sosigenes was presumably aware of this discrepancy, although not of its correct value, it was evidently felt to be of little importance.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Julian_Calendar (2398 words)

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