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Topic: Soudan Mine

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	Lake Country Fun Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The deep open pit mines were very dangerous and as a result they started using underground mining techniques in the hope of reducing injuries and the loss of life they were experiencing.
		Underground horizontal cut and fill mining is the method used unitl the mine ceased operation in December of 1962.
		Soudan Mine's mission is to preserve and display the very first iron mine in the state and the cultural heritage of the men and women who came to this are to seek a new life in America.
	www.timberjay.com /lcft/minept2.htm (346 words)

	Panagic - Particle and Astrophysics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Soudan Underground Laboratory (soon to be laboratories) is located at the 27th and lowest level of Soudan Underground Mine State Park in northern Minnesota, adjacent to the towns of Soudan and Tower.
		The Soudan Laboratory is 235' (72m) long, 46' (14m) wide and 38' (12m) high, while the MINOS hall is 270' (82m) by 47.5' (14.5m) wide and 38' (12m) high.
		The natural temperature inside the mine is 11°C and the relative humidity is near 100%, but the Soudan laboratory has, over the years, warmed to 22 °C with a relative humidity of approximately 50%.
	www.lngs.infn.it /lngs_infn/contents/lngs_en/research/panagic/particle/experiments/soudan.htm (553 words)

	The Soudan Underground Laboratory
		The lab is located in the Soudan Underground Mine State Park, where the DNR preserves the oldest iron mine in Minnesota.
		At the Soudan lab, the number of cosmic ray particles is cut by a factor of 100,000 from the number at the surface.
		Physics experiments at Soudan focus on three major topics: the stability of matter (nucleon decay), the nature and interaction patterns of the cosmic rays and particles called neutrinos, whose properties are a sensitive test of the mechanisms of the fundamental interactions.
	www.hep.umn.edu /soudan/brochure.html (2784 words)

	The Black Hills Pioneer, Newspapers, South Dakota, SD
		The Homestake Mine operated as a gold mine from the 1880's until it was shut down in 2000.
		In addition, very large mine openings have been constructed at depth, including a chamber, related to the mine air conditioning system, about the same size as the large chambers that will be required for some of the physics experiments.
		SOUDAN MINE, SOUDAN, MN The Soudan proposal is based upon facilities and physics experiments that already exist at the Soudan, University of Minnesota site.
	zwire.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=8173887&BRD=1300&PAG=461&...&rfi=6 (3428 words)

	Soudan, Minnesota Trailer Life - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Down the road 20 miles is Soudan, where conventional tourism calls the shots, as does the basic lifestyle of Minnesota lake country - fishing and water sports in the summer and snowmobiling in the winter.
		Soudan is on Lake Vermilion, a recreational lake with 365 islands and 1,200 miles of shoreline.
		Minnesota's first iron-ore mine was the one in Soudan - an underground mine with a shaft that goes down a half mile.
	www.parentsurf.com /p/articles/mi_qa3707/is_200509/ai_n15326538 (906 words)

	DPF96 Soudan Visit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Soudan Laboratory, 220 miles north of Minneapolis, is approximately one-half mile (a three-minute elevator ride) underground.
		Soudan is also the proposed site for the MINOS Detector, which is part of the Fermilab NUMI long- baseline neutrino oscillation experiment.
		Visitors to Soudan will have the option of also visiting the historic portion of the Soudan Mine - the last and deepest area mined - on a 3/4 mile train ride operated by the Division of State Parks, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.
	www.hep.umn.edu /dpf96/soudan.html (193 words)

	Show Mines of the United States: Soudan Underground Mine
		Soudan is located in Vermilion Range and is the oldest and deepest iron mine in Minnesota.
		This mining tour is completed by several related buildings on the surface, the dry house (1925), drill shop (1917), crusher house (1904) and engine house (1901).
		The Soudan Underground Laboratory at the University of Minnesota.
	www.showcaves.com /english/usa/mines/Soudan.html (516 words)

	National Register of Historic Places - Soudan Mine
		The Soudan Mine on the Vermilion Range is the oldest and deepest iron mine in Minnesota.
		By the time it closed in 1962, the mine had reached a depth of almost 2,500 feet, with tunnels that ran nearly a mile to the east and west.
		Today the Soudan Mine is the countryâs only underground iron ore mine open to the public.
	nrhp.mnhs.org /property_overview.cfm?PropertyID=1 (243 words)

	10,000 Lakes Archaeology - Industrial Archaeology
		Although the Soudan Mine does not currently extract ore, it continues to play an active role in the community by employing area residents, giving thousands of tours to park visitors annually, and housing an internationally recognized physics lab on the 27th (lowest) level of the mine.
		In addition to the extensive documentary research, oral interviews with mine workers and local residents added significantly to the understanding of the Soudan Mine and surrounding community.
		Ultimately, this study placed the Soudan Mine within a global context and allowed for a greater understanding of the region’s social, political, and economic development as well as its overall history.
	www.10000lakesarchaeology.com /page4.html (545 words)

	TonyRogers.com \| The MINOS Experiment - Soudan Underground Mine
		The Soudan Underground Physics Laboratory, future home of the MINOS detector, is located in the Soudan Underground Mine State Park, operated by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.
		Mining techniques at Soudan from the 1880s emulated those used in Cornish tin mines.
		Mine operators recruited immigrants from eastern Europe, including many Finns, to create a work force that peaked at about 5,000 in the 1890s.
	www.tonyrogers.com /news/minos.htm (639 words)

	The Black Hills Pioneer, Newspapers, South Dakota, SD
		The current laboratory is located adjacent to the Number 8 shaft of the former Soudan Mine.
		The current Soudan laboratories, and the proposed new facilities, are located in the greenstone regions.
		The usable portion of the existing infrastructure at Soudan is expected to comprise about 10% of the needed infrastructure for the eventual facility.
	www.zwire.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=8173887&BRD=1300&PAG=461&dept_id=156925&rfi=6 (3427 words)

	Soudan Mine . Minnesota . 1962 . Ely, Minnesota . Tower, Minnesota
		It is famous for its lakes, having in excess of 15,000, depending on the source of the count.
		It owes its establishment to the Soudan Mine.
		Applying the gravitational formula we get that the position of the first body with respect to the second is governed by the same differential eqation as the position of a very small body orbiting a body with a mass equal to the sum of the two masses, because m1.m2μ=m1+m2.
	www.uk.kunsimuna.net /Soudan_Mine_UK_539355_jr (730 words)

	Soudan Mine . 1962 . Tower, Minnesota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Soudan Underground Mine is described as Minnesota s oldest, deepest, and richest iron mining mine.
		From 1901 until the end of active mining in 1962, the Soudan Mine was owned by the United States Steel Corporation s Oliver Iron Mining division.
		There are quite a lot of ambiguous definitions about living fossils: A living species that lived trough a large portion of geologic time :To prove this, all living specimens must belong to the same fossil species.
	www.uk.fraquisanto.net /Soudan_Mine (334 words)

	History of Tower/Soudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Tower, guarded by Jasper Peak and Lake Vermilion, and in the shadow of the historic Soudan Mine, to which it owes its existence, is the Arrowhead's oldest incorporated municipality north of Duluth.
		When he found outcroppings of iron ore at the site of the present Soudan Mine, he was not surprised, because he knew of the existence of iron ore in the region and had seen samples of it.
		(The mining company's payroll was sent nailed in a wooden box.) During a severe cold spell, the clerk at the store is said to have requisitioned a six-foot thermometer guaranteed not to freeze at 40 below zero.
	www.timberjay.com /lcft/histts.htm (514 words)

	Subterranean Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Peterson, who has spent a lot of time in the mine over the past decade and a half, says he was eager to show his colleagues the model for the $56 million project now underway in the Soudan Underground Research Site, a unique physics laboratory operated by the School of Physics and Astronomy.
		And Peterson, deep in the Soudan mine, is exploring the possibility that neutrinos may account for some of the universe's undefined invisible matter.
		From the 1880s to the 1960s, the Soudan mine was considered the Cadillac of underground iron ore mines, boasting a stellar safety record of only nine fatalities during its eight decades of operation.
	www.it.umn.edu /news/inventing/1999_Fall/subterranean.html (1631 words)

	Newswise
		Minnesota artist Joseph Giannetti is creating a colorful mural half a mile deep in the Soudan Underground Mine near Tower, Minn. The 25- by 60-foot mural will adorn a physics laboratory, operated by the University of Minnesota, where scientists are probing the nature of tiny subatomic particles.
		This mural will be the deepest in the world, the only one in a mine and the largest on an irregular surface.
		The Soudan Mine was a working mine from the 1880s until 1962 and is now owned by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view?id=MINEART.UMN (447 words)

	Soudan
		On the Trail, three miles east of Tower is the town of Soudan, population 650.
		One of Soudan's most popular attractions is the Soudan Underground Mine State Park.
		It was the first mine to produce iron ore in the area.
	www.mesabitrail.com /communities/Soudan (253 words)

	Soudan Mine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It began operation as an open pit mine in 1884, and moved to underground mining by 1900 for reasons of safety.
		Visitors are lowered in an 80-year-old electric mine hoist to level 27, the mine's lowest level at 2,341 feet (713.5 m) below ground, where they explore the historic mining facilities or the currently active underground physics laboratory.
		A native mine yielding star rubies, sapphires and garnets, for both the serious and the amateur rockhound.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Soudan_Mine (1684 words)

	Lake Country Fun Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Soudan Mine remains an operating mine today and visitors to the park can actually ride the shaft elevator (called "the cage") 2,341 feet underground the to mine's 27th level where they see how miners were drilling and blasting to remove ore before abandoning their equipment in 1962.
		The one hour guided underground tour begins in the visitor center which is housed in the mine's original dry house- this is where the miners changed and dried their clothes for the next shift.
		The mine is a constant 50 degrees year round, so a jacket is recommended as well as sturdy foot gear.
	www.timberjay.com /lcft/minetour.htm (323 words)

	Soudan Mine Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		(to neutrinos) Tour the Soudan Underground Mine and Laboratory, 220 miles north of Minneapolis by bus and 1/2 mile underground by elevator.
		The Lab houses the MINOS experiment, to observe muon neutrino oscillations in the beam sent through the Earth from Fermilab, and the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment.
		The Tour includes the historic portion of the Soudan mine.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v37n2/aas206/S1.htm (112 words)

	MPR: International researchers make a home in the north woods
		Every morning at 7:30 at the Tower Soudan Mine, physicists from Greece and Russia crowd into an elevator, along with graduate students from England and France.
		Visitors to the Soudan Mine State Park leave the "cage," the elevator that has been used since the 1920s to ransport miners, ore, and now physicists.
		"The Soudan mine is going to be put on the map, and everyone in the world is going to know about Soudan Minnesota," she remembers.
	news.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/200207/26_hemphills_minefolk-m (1150 words)

	Breitung Township, Minnesota - Lake Vermilion
		The Minnesota Iron Company was organized largely as a result of the efforts of George Stone, and it ws mainly to his persistence that the hard ore deposits at the Soudan Mine were brought to light.
		It was a magnificent place with Nature having done the mining and it was only necessary to break up these huge blocks of rock in order to have many tons of the finest ore ready for shipment.
		The name "Soudan" was given to the mining location and on July 31, 1884 the first shipment of iron ore was accomplished.
	www.mckinleypark.net /breitung_township_history.html (363 words)

	Mining for neutrinos at Soudan - Particle Physics UK
		This unlikely looking site is the location for the Soudan detector, which has been detecting the perplexing particles known as neutrinos, produced by the interactions of cosmic-rays (particles from outer space) in the Earth's atmosphere.
		The site is in the Soudan Underground Mine State Park, and the detector itself is 713 m below ground.
		It provided some of the first evidence that neutrinos may be able to change - or oscillate - from one type to another, as also indicated recently by the Super-Kamiokande experiment.
	www.particlephysics.ac.uk /news/picture-of-the-week/picture-archive/mining-for-neutrinos-at-soudan.html (140 words)

	Soudan Underground State Park, a U.S., America, scenic, vacation, travel, guide, travel guide, adventure, historic city
		Soudan Underground Mine State Park is one of the oldest and deepest iron ore mines in the United States.
		Today its mining operations have been discontinued but a small caged elevator takes visitors 2,341 feet or about a half mile below the surface for a 1 1/2 hour tour of this once active mine.
		On the 27th level visitors are escorted to a small rail car to tour the tunnel while park officials describe stories of the mining days.
	www.scenicus.com /mn/Soudan.htm (250 words)

	Soudan Iron Mine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This was one of the safest underground mines in existence.
		The miners would blast the ceiling down, which is the ore in the vein, then dump the high grade ore down to a lower level where the train took it to the skip cars which haul it to the surface.
		Back up on the surface, free from the risk that the oceans of the world will fill the mine with salt water, we see that the elevator shaft runs at an angle so as best to follow the vein of ore as it runs down.
	www.verifine.org /soudan.html (388 words)

	Soudan - Google Directory - Regional > North America > United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The French Soudan had been established by the dissolution of UPPER SENEGAL The remainder was rechristened French Soudan; all 3 were integrated into
		The Soudan Mine on the Vermilion Range is the oldest and deepest iron mine Ownership of the Soudan Mine passed to the Oliver Iron Mining Division of US www.sudan.umn.edu/
		(to neutrinos) Tour the Soudan Underground Mine and Laboratory, 220 miles north of The Tour includes the historic portion of the Soudan mine.
	www.withphp.com /wihh/soudan.html (382 words)

	Introduction
		MINOS detector was placed 700 m deep underground in the Soudan Mine of Minnesota, 730 km away from the neutrino target.
		The Soudan Iron Mine had been exploited for over a century and now it has turned into a scenic spot.
		The rocks on top of the mine screened the cosmic ray from penetrating the ground to such a depth with the exception of only neutrino and a few very high energy cosmic ray muons.
	www.ihep.ac.cn /english/E-guoji/MINOS/index.htm (483 words)

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