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Topic: Sound change

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	Language Change - Title
		Another fact about language change, clearly established on the basis of approximately 100 studies, is that women are usually a generation ahead of men in sound change.
		Sounds change in a number of ways, and sound change is one of the most well understood aspects of language change, thanks to the long history of work in comparative/historical linguistics, and also to the research on sound change in progress by another member of the Penn linguistics faculty, Dr. Bill Labov.
		Sound changes work to change the actual phonetic form of the word in the different languages, but we can still recognize them as originating from a common source because of the regularities within each language.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Fall_1997/ling001/langchange.htm (3898 words)

	diyAudio Forums - Does the speed of sound change? Opinions...
		I think that the slight slowing of the speed of sound in a fiber filled TL is due to the loss of the perfectly adiabatic expansion and compression of the air as the sound wave passes.
		When a sound wave, that is at least four times longer then the length of the pipe, encounters a fiber that is that small I think that the wave just passes around the fiber as if it were not there.
		First, the speed of sound is slightly reduced due to the shift from an adiabatic expansion and compression of the sound wave to a slightly non-adiabatic (not all the way isothermal) expansion and compression of the sound wave as it progresses down the line.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=204440 (2281 words)

	Sound change - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Each sound change is limited in space and time.
		If the change of a sequence of fricatives such that one becomes a stop is dissimilation, then such changes as Proto-Germanic χs to /ks/ (spelled x) in English would count as a regular sound* law: PGmc.
		Elision (also called aphaeresis) is the loss of unstressed sounds, apocope is the loss of final sounds, and syncope is the loss of medial sounds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sound_change (1796 words)

	rsca: a reversible sound change applier
		Changes with multiple blanks are useful where you might otherwise wish to write a change which has a regular expression in before and after; it's often the case that these parts don't change, and this allows you to move them to the environment instead.
		Whenever a sporadic sound change would apply to a word, rsca applies the change, and then carries both the changed word and the unchanged word throughout the entire remainder of the set of sound changes, presenting both their outcomes to you at the end (unless a later change makes the words fall together again).
		Many sound change appliers are implemented with regular expressions, which, somewhere far behind the scenes, get converted to finite state automata; but what we really want are finite state automata with the capability to output, and these are exactly finite state transducers.
	members.shaw.ca /a00/rsca.html (4433 words)

	Sound - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sound is a disturbance of mechanical energy that propagates through matter as a pressure wave.
		Sound is characterized by the properties of sound waves, which are frequency, wavelength, period, amplitude, and speed.
		The amplitude of a sound wave is specified in terms of its pressure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sound (1003 words)

	Sound Tips
		The digital sound system makers should work these problems harder, perhaps by modifying their recordings and adaptively changing the recording that is used depending on conditions.
		If your sound system maker hasn't tested his system with the decoder that you intend to use, you may fry one or both of the systems unless you know exactly what you are doing.
		Even though Dallee claims that their sound system can be connected to a decoder this way, random noise or other transients often interfere and causes their whistle to blow when it should not.
	www.girr.org /girr/tips/tips6/sound_tips.html (3965 words)

	Planning for Success: The Importance of a Sound Change Management Plan -- CMS Watch
		So the real art of change management is pre-determining the effects of a new technology on the people who must work with it, anticipating their objections, then being prepared to overcome those objections when they arise.
		Change is easiest if it starts from the ground up and is supported from the top down, because users feel involved.
		It’s a truism that change is constant, and in business continuous change and evolution is usually necessary to be competitive.
	www.cmswatch.com /Feature/74-Change-Management (1877 words)

	LINGUIST List 2.490: Sound-Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		On "natural" sound change: Any discussion of this topic would I think have to account for the fact that there are isolated languages like Hawaiian in which you have almost all open syllables (e.g.
		Once one knows why a change originated, one has an explanation - although the explanatory process may have (will have) to be renewed, as due consideration is to be given to social factors and the like.
		That is to say, he tries to explain sound change while taking into account the function of the elements involved, and their place in the phonological system.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/2/2-490.html (1176 words)

	Radio Sound Effects
		If the piece's PoV is omniscient, you can use it as a change of scene: for example, by altering the texture of the ambient sound background; or you might have the current foreground change to become background, and begin a new foreground.
		Usually in a recording studio the object is to reproduce the sound as accurately or as cleanly as possible.
		You are changing the sound to establish and maintain the picture you want to create in the mind of the listener.
	www.greatnorthernaudio.com /audio_theater/Sound_Effects.html (2007 words)

	Web Forms - Learning to Publish
		Sound files are indicated by a loudspeaker icon.
		Because the sound is a symbol, you only need one copy of it and you can use it in many ways in your Flash movie.
		Event sounds are associated with an event such as a mouse click, and are independent of the Timeline.
	www.utexas.edu /learn/flash/sound.html (768 words)

	Cool Solutions: Novell Linux Desktop Overview: Sound
		The two sound systems on NLD are OSS/Free (Open Sound System) and ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture.) OSS is an older technology that is being fazed out with the introduction of ALSA.
		These sound servers were mainly built for developers to have an easier programing interface into the sound system, yet they still plug into the sound system.
		Sound works the first time until the workstation is rebooted, or you have sound for certain users or certain applications, but not others.
	www.novell.com /coolsolutions/feature/15238.html (1539 words)

	Internet Sound Institute - Programmable EQ
		An equalizer (EQ) is a set of filters which allow the operator to adjust or change the frequency response of the sound system.
		Assuming the basic sound system is capable of reproducing good musical quality, the programmable equalizer can be adjusted to maximize the sound quality.
		The equalizer is probably the most abused and misadjusted piece of sound equipment because it is often adjusted by inexperienced operators.
	www.soundinstitute.com /article_detail.cfm/ID/79 (659 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: Climate change means big changes in Puget Sound
		Rising global temperatures are taking their toll on Puget Sound, as less mountain snow funnels less freshwater into estuaries, rising oceans transform salt marshes, and changes to the food web alter life for everything from lingcod to orcas, a new study says.
		The change will be compounded because geological factors are causing land in the Olympia and Tacoma areas to sink about an inch every 12 years.
		But as the volume and timing of those river flows change, the tiny creatures that eat the plankton may still emerge when they always have, which means they may miss their primary food source.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/2002567659_psclimate18m.html (1048 words)

	Sound Changes
		The hardest changes to identify are changes that involve one sound replacing another sound.
		Since only one feature has changed and there is another voiced retroflex liquid in the word, we probably have dissimilation, a move away from a nearby sound.
		Since only one feature has changed and the sounds around the “k” (vowels) are both voiced, we probably have assimilation, a move closer to surrounding sounds.
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /tcnj/hotel/change.htm (525 words)

	Real Change
		The region is flooded with economic and environmental stresses caused by toxic contaminants entering the Sound from storm water run-off.
		According to the Washington State Department of Ecology, one third of the state’s water pollution is caused by storm water: pollution that adversely affects marine populations, maritime industries and human health.
		People for Puget Sound is a citizens’ group whose goal is to protect and restore the health of the Puget Sound through education and action.
	www.realchangenews.org /2006/2006_03_29/unsafeandsound.html (1197 words)

	The Online Guide to the Enigma -- Changing Letters: Letter Change, Repeated-Letter Change, Sound Change, Word ...
		In a reversed letter change, a letter is changed in a word or phrase and the result is then reversed to make another.
		For example, puffy cannot be changed to puppy, because reversing the change would produce fuffy, not the original puffy.
		One sound is changed in a word or phrase to make another.
	www.puzzlers.org /guide/?expand=change (636 words)

	Climate Change: Sound science
		Miles suggests, "The ecosystems of Puget Sound are now caught in a world of multiple stresses where the pressures of human population growth and economic development will mix with the consequences of a warmer world."
		The Puget Sound report puts us on notice that we will have to patiently spend decades in the same mode of watching, responding and reassessing.
		Protecting the Sound, its species and its unique role in local culture will be a long-term battle.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /opinion/245034_hotwatered.asp (430 words)

	Sound Changes
		We learned in class about the most common sound changes that typically occur in languages over time (assimilation, dissimilation, intrusion, metathesis, consonant weakening, and ellipsis).
		Those same sound changes are also the most common sound changes that children make when they are first acquiring language.
		NOTE: Some childhood sound changes are not the typical ones that we’ve been studying in class.
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /tcnj/hotel/changes4.htm (287 words)

	Sound: Change gender... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		A ratio of 1.1 will change a male voice to a voice with approximate female formant characteristics.
		A factor of 0.0 monotonizes the new sound to the new pitch median.
		Pitch and duration changes are generated with PSOLA synthesis.
	www.fon.hum.uva.nl /praat/manual/Sound__Change_gender___.html (376 words)

	LINGUIST List 2.512: Sound-Change and Teleology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Is forbearance from implementing a sound change dealt with in non-teleological terms in Martinet's "final formulation"?
		Language USE causes language CHANGE; and it is CHANGE that keeps language FUNCTIONing.
		But once one studies why topics do not always remain the same, the explanation is obviously not teleological at all: they change because our conversational tastes are changing.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/2/2-512.html (855 words)

	Skype for Mac OS X Sound Setup
		It is also possible to have Skype related sounds output on a different device than the default Mac OS X sound output preference.
		It is also possible to have Skype related sounds input on a different device than the default Mac OS X sound input preference.
		In addition to Mac OS X’s sound preferences, Skype has its own Audio preferences that allow you to further customize how Skype’s sounds are handled on your computer.
	www.skype.com /help/guides/soundsetup_macosx.html (692 words)

	Controlling Sound in a Flash movie
		Above is a fabulous version of the game made by Michelle Holder, with two sound clips in it: the snoring sound and the background music.
		Whenever you create a Sound instance, you can (and should) specify the timeline (movieclip) it is to control by putting the instance name of that movieclip in parentheses, as shown.
		To add a sound on/off control that turns all sound in the movie on and off, create a Sound instance that's associated with the main timeline and set its volume to 0 or 100.
	flash-creations.com /notes/actionscript_controlsound.php (963 words)

	QA: How can I change sound volume from my program? Articles. Pocket PC Developer Network
		It could be changed in the Control Panel in Sounds and Reminders applet but I need to change sound from my program.
		Although there is a registry key (HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ControlPanel\Volume\Volume) that is changed every time when sound volume setting in the Control Panel is changed it seems impossible to change sound volume by changing this settings.
		If you change sound volume using this function then settings in the Control Panel will not be changed but actual sound volume will be changed.
	www.pocketpcdn.com /articles/soundvolume.html (257 words)

	Sound Waves article
		Commissioned by the Puget Sound Action Team and prepared by the University of Washington’s Climate Impacts Group (GIG), the report concludes that when it comes to climate change, Puget Sound is in for some serious changes.
		Sea level rise, coupled with temperature change and changes in nutrient availability, may lead to further declines in critical marsh and coastal wetland habitats, especially in South Puget Sound.
		Ack said both present and future restoration activities in Puget Sound must be re-cast in light of the projected climate changes.
	www.psat.wa.gov /Publications/soundwaves/articles/sw_01.html (386 words)

	macosxhints.com - An AppleScript to change sound output device
		The goal of this small AppleScript is to be able to change the sound output device quickly and easily.
		Change the text "SoundSticks" in the script to the name of your desired output source.
		Upon plugging in, this script allows you to select the external sound output with a single keyboard shortcut (again, assuming that you have a utility for launching scripts via user-defined keyboard shortcuts).
	www.macosxhints.com /article.php?story=20050614171126634 (662 words)

	Sounds: The Sound Change Applier
		For me, there is a peculiar, intense pleasure in creating a daughter language with a particular feel to it, merely by altering the set of sound changes.
		Consonants change to match the place or type of articulation of an adjoining consonant.
		Here the input file lists the spellings of several thousand English words, and the "sound changes" are rules for turning those spellings into a phonetic representation of how the words sound.
	www.zompist.com /sounds.htm (1503 words)

	Sound Change Applier
		/* SOUNDS.C Sound Change Applier ** Copyright (C) 2000 by Mark Rosenfelder.
		There are two types of rules: sound changes and category definitions.
		f/h/#_V which states that f changes to h at the beginning of a word before a ** vowel.
	www.zompist.com /sounds.c.htm (409 words)

	Works 2000: Cannot Change Sound for Works Calendar Sound Event
		This behavior can occur if the path to the sound file that you want to associate with a Works Calendar event is greater than 64 characters in length.
		To resolve this issue, reduce the length of the path to the sound file that you want to use.
		NOTE: You must change the path to the sound file in the Name box in the Sounds tool in Control Panel.
	support.microsoft.com /?kbid=239360 (330 words)

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