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Topic: Sources of early Hungarian history

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	Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 12: Philip II-Reuss \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Abbot, canon, librarian of the University library of Buda, and important Hungarian historian, b.
		He became canon in Grosswardein (1790), and was sent by the chapter as its representative to the Hungarian Reichstag.
		His literary activity embraced the history of Hungary, especially the early centuries, the history of the Catholic church in Hungary, and editing the sources of Hungarian history.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/herbermann/cathen12.html?term=George%20Pray (345 words)

	Photographs Documenting the Holocaust in Hungary
		Even the definition is strange: a "Hungarian Jew." A major element constituting the tragedy of the Jews in Hungary was that those people who after their Emancipation (1867) became unreservedly Hungarians regarding their language, customs, clothing, and most importantly, their feelings, were excluded from the community of Hungarian citizens.
		The reasons why the Hungarian Parliament agreed to pass the severely unlawful First Jewish Law is a subject of a historical debate.
		It is possible that his decision was motivated by the landing of the allied forces on the shores of Normandy, or the offensive of the Red Army, or he was afraid that the capital would have been destroyed by a carpet bombing if the Jews of Pest had had been deported.
	www.holocaust-history.org /hungarian-photos (2736 words)

	E-Books : Hungarian Revolt, October 23 - November 4, 1956, The: Preface - Historical Text Archive
		A controlled-research paper -a paper in which the student's search for sources is limited to, and in certain ways controlled by, those sources contained in one anthology- is not so noble an undertaking as a library-research paper.
		Each source is reprinted exactly as it appears in the original except for (1) some typographical peculiarities, (2) explanatory notes, given in brackets, and (3) omissions, indicated by ellipses.....
		And, finally, for each source that has pagination in the original, page numbers are given in brackets within the source itself -thus: "[320/321]," where everything before the slash (and after the preceding slash, if any) is from page 320, and everything after the slash (and before the next slash, if any) is from page 321.
	www.historicaltextarchive.com /books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=13&pre=1 (620 words)

	Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum ("Deeds of the Huns and Hungarians") or just Gesta Hungarorum (II) ("Deeds of the Hungarians") written mainly by Simon of Kéza is one of the sources of early Hungarian history.
		a part on the history of the Kingdom of Hungary, which is partly reliable and whose author might be either Simon of Kéza or Magister Ákos, the provost of Buda.
		Simon of Kéza was a court cleric of King Ladislaus IV.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gesta_Hunnorum_et_Hungarorum (231 words)

	An Introduction to the History of Kosovo and Metohija
		In the entire art history of medieval Serbia, the sacred buildings of Kosovo, with their number and character represent the most significant part of the heritage from its age of prosperity in the second half of the 14th century.
		The narrative sources which recount preparations a ruler made to endow a church for himself first draw attention to his consultations with immediate associates, frequently outlining the reasons mfluencing the selection of a certain patron-saint, and explaining the personal wishes of the founder as to the building's appearance.
		Writers of Lives were not always precise in their descriptions, so sources of other kinds and analogies with sacred buildings in other places have enabled scholars to extrapolate the essential ideas motivating the person who commissioned the project, regarding the character of the building and its decoration.
	www.kosovo.net /kosovo1.html (3015 words)

	History of Finland and the Finnish People from ice age to WWII.
		But the early Finns had Viking style ships and were seafaring people already from earlier times, probably long before the Viking raids began to the eastern shores of the Baltic, as we can clearly see from ancient rock art found in Karelia.
		Since their history was a rich oral tradition, it could not be destroyed in a fire, or robbed, and it is through this evidence that early Finns are able to contradict Swedish and Russian written accounts about the role and extent of Finnish civilization in the north prior to Swedish rule.
		Hungarians have left their ancient home near the Ural mountains and are twenty years from entering their new homeland in the Carpathian basin.
	uralica.com /earlyfin.htm (9448 words)

	medieval resources
		It is important to clarify that Hungarian medieval scholarship regards the year 1526 (the Battle of Mohács which the Hungarians lost against the Turks) as the dividing line between the Middle Ages and the early modern period.
		This loss of records concerns not only the number of the sources, but the fact that almost entire types of documents were lost such as official or private letters sent to the Hungarian kings, many drafts of legal documents, accounts of the magister tawarnicorum or, later, that of the Master of the Treasury.
		Nevertheless, a considerable part of the original sources is not extant and, moreover, the undertaking of the copyists falls short of the modern standards of source criticism.
	www.asu.edu /clas/acmrs/web_pages/cara_sessions/hungarian_resources.htm (2921 words)

	History of Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hungarian Constitution was restored, and Franz Joseph was crowned as King of Hungary.
		Hungarian politicians gained strong influence on the Empire's political life and successfully prevented the change of the status quo in favour of other ethnic groups, notably the Czechs and the Southern Slavs.
		Hungarian newspapers joined the attacks and Nagy was accused of being responsible for the country's economic problems and on 18 April he was dismissed from his post by a unanimous vote of the National Assembly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Hungary (7787 words)

	Shifting Identities in Mixed Marriages - The Case of the Population of Koš ice (Slovakia) in the 20th Century
		Like in the early twenties, the reorganization of the new states and regions led to immense population changes, and the regrouping of the society.
		Simultaneously, under the influence of Hitler’s Germany, the Hungarian government began the deportation of Jews to the concentration-camps from the occupied regions.
		A typical source of conflicts stemming from mixed marriages is the destruction of family background and the eradication of family roots.
	lgi.osi.hu /ethnic/relations/1/shifting.html (2832 words)

	[No title]
		This short summary of Hungarian history, especially the origin and early history of Hungarians, departs from the officially held position suggesting that Hungarians belong in the Finno-Ugric family of people, which is being taught in schools and which can be found in Encyclopedias.
		Whether they spoke Hungarian or not, whether the name Magyar could be attributed to them or not, their accomplishment stands tall like a flag on the battlefield and their memory is written in gold in Hungarian history.
		It was an attack on the Hungarian culture, and was the beginning of the conflict between the old and new.
	www.chicagohungarians.com /radics/radics.htm (8596 words)

	[No title]
		The early history of Hungarians is embedded into the history of Eurasia and special attention is given to the relationship of the Hungarians with the Khazars and the Bulghar-Turks.
		The first part deals with methods and sources which can be used for elucidating the ancient history of the Hungarians, relying on research into linguistics, archaeology, anthropology and natural history.
		It reconstructs and examines their early political and social structure, the economy, and religion, and compares the Hungarian medieval process with the ethnogenetic processes of the Germanic, Slavic and Turkic people.
	www.osi.hu /ceupress/99/ronatas.html (218 words)

	Hungarian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Relatives of the Hungarians, the Huns, Avars, and Szekleys settled the Carpathian basin as early as the 4th century.
		Hungarians tried to break the Austrian yoke in the 18th (the Rákóczy fight) and again in the 19th century (Kossuth), only to be stopped short of their goal of total independence as Austria was supported by a Russian imperial government who also feared democracy.
		Now millions of Hungarians were on the wrong side of the border as 2/3 of Hungarian lands, 1/3 of her Hungarian-speaking population, 90% of her natural resources, and much infrastructure were in other's hands.
	www.webenetics.com /hungary/history.htm (1783 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Hungarian Jewry was sufficiently familiar to be seen as part of the self, and yet sufficiently foreign for exclusion from the new self-representation of Hungarians.
		Although that legislation required that the proportion of Jews admitted to higher education did not exceed the proportion of Jews in the population, it was still formulated in the prudent style reminiscent of the remnants of Hungarian liberalism; indeed, the word "Jew" or "Israelite" to the ambiguous makeup of the country's population structure in general.
		Hungarian society, however, did not recognize the great significance of a gesture intended to signal to the majority that the assimilation process had come to an end.
	www.rferl.org /reports/eepreport/2004/08/17-180804.asp (4244 words)

	Huns
		Byzantine documents concerning the Hungarian prince Termatzu from Árpád's lineage assert that the oldest name of the Hungarians was Sabartoi Asphali, recalling their ancient Mesopotamian name Subar-tu and Sabir-ki, while Asphali was the Arab name of the Lower Zab river.
		Scythia, which early Hungarians called Hetmagyar ("Seven Magyars", of whom we speak furtherly) is recorded in the ancient legends of Persia, the Zend Avesta, under the name of "Haetumat", and located in Sakastan (Scythia).
		One of the most valuable documents regarding their early history is the "Church History" by Zachariah the Rhetor, written in Assyrian language (Syriac Aramaic) in the sixth century c.e., and describes the Caucasus as the "Huns' lands", listing thirteen peoples: Abdel, Alan, Avar, Avgar, Bagrasir, Bulgar, Dirmar, Hephtalit, Khazar, Kulas, Kutargar, Sabir and Sirurgur.
	www.imninalu.net /Huns.htm (4922 words)

	CHAPTER 3 OF HUNGARIAN AND THEIR COMMUNITIES IN CLEVELAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The incidents recounted by the Hungarian women who ran the boarding houses are interesting and informative accounts which play a crucial part in the reconstruction of immigrant history.
		The west side Hungarians were mainly from upper Hungary, in particular, from the counties of Szepes and Abaúj.
		Hungarians living on the west side did not experience the initial animosity of more established ethnic groups because the majority spoke at least one other language (usually German) in addition to Hungarian.
	web.ulib.csuohio.edu /hungarians/pg156.htm (2360 words)

	History
		History of the United States Capital; a chronicle of design, construction and politics [.pdf]- This document contains elaborate photos and 12 chapters that chronicles the design and politics of the U.S. Capitol from the beginning of its construction in 1793 to the present.
		History of the NW Coast - History of Native Americans from the Pacific Northwest
		ViVa Women's History - This is a bibliography of women's and gender history in historical and women's studies journals.
	cos.edu /library/subject/history.htm (4939 words)

	Persian rug history
		The epicenter of the craft of carpet-making is traditionally Persia and the history of the craft is linked to the history of Persia, sharing its development and fortunes.
		This was an important turning point in Persia's history because, after more than seven centuries of foreign domination, a national dynasty,was in a position to gain power and take control.
		According to a Hungarian Ambassador to the court of Tahmasp, in this locality were made some splendid examples which the Shah sent as a gift to the Suleiman the Magnificent.
	www.persian-carpet.info (2663 words)

	History of Austria: Primary Documents - EuroDocs
		Sources for the History of the Medieval Germanic Empire -- Early, High and Late Middle Ages.
		A project of the Institute for History, University of Vienna.
		Sources in German, Austrian and Swiss Legal History of the 19th Century
	eudocs.lib.byu.edu /index.php/History_of_Austria:_Primary_Documents (623 words)

	H-Net Review: Lee Congdon on The Social History of the Hungarian Intelligentsia, 1825-1914
		By "intelligentsia" he does not mean merely, or even primarily, a class defined "by its predilection for socio-political ideologies, alienation from existing reality, and commitment to radical change."[4] Indeed, he examines all of those, including civil servants and white-collar workers, who earned their livelihood with their wits and not with the sweat of their brow.
		As early as 1785, Mazsu reports, approximately 40 percent of the roughly twenty thousand members of the intelligentsia were of non-noble origin.
		A more important objection to this solid contribution to Hungarian social history is that it is based upon an unexamined assumption, namely that anything standing in the way of bourgeoisification and democratization is to be deplored.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=10765885852152 (1415 words)

	imagesources.html
		(a) Reconstruction of early ancestral corn (?):(b) Coxcatlan phase corn cob, Tehuacan Valley; (c) modern corn.
		Rogozinski, Jan. A Brief History of the Caribbean.
		In Place of Slavery: A Social History of British Indian and Javanese Laborers in Suriname.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/migrations/imagesources.html (2272 words)

	History
		General history, civil war and slavery, and civil rights are the main topics.
		his is an essay that traces the history of the concept of manifest destiny.
		The history of women in the U.S. is connected to the history of the social movements they founded and in which women developed and applied leadership skills.
	www.hamdenlibrary.org /Links/history.html (2982 words)

	Sources for Hungary
		Though there are a reasonable amount of primary sources for the period, they are almost impossible to get hold of.
		The latest combined Hungarian and Latin text of Bonfinius dates from 1911 and is in three volumes, again only available in major libraries.
		These quotes however can almost all be traced to the few Hungarian history books translated into English.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /matthaywood/main/Hungarian_Sources.htm (705 words)

	Material Culture Images - Images Online
		Roughly 275 Hungarian artists are represented by between one and 40 digital images each, for a collection of roughly 3,500 images.
		Photography was first introduced in Japan at the end of the Edo period in about 1860, and the pictures taken between 1860 and 1899 represent the earliest stage of Japanese photography.
		Christian history is well represented, with a large image collection of Catholic saints and Christian holidays....
	chnm.gmu.edu /worldhistorysources/unpacking/imagesonline.php (705 words)

	Catalogue of Ivanyi-Grunwald Collection, SSEES Library
		Contents: notes re and from sources of mainly nineteenth century British and Hungarian history including notes taken from both original documents and publications.
		Contents: notes re and from sources of mainly nineteenth and early twentieth century British and Hungarian history including notes taken from both original documents and publications.
		Contents: notes re and from sources of mainly nineteenth and early twentieth century Hungarian history including notes taken from both original documents and publications.
	www.ssees.ac.uk /archives/iva/iva3.htm (1243 words)

	The History of the Shroud of Turin from Edessa to Constantinople
		We know from various sources that the cloth was a burial shroud with a faint full-body image of Jesus and bloodstains positioned on the image.
		Illustrations in an 1192 a codex, known as the Hungarian Pray Manuscript, show Jesus being prepared for burial and the scene of the empty tomb.
		The drawing depicts several features consistent with the Shroud of Turin: the unique herringbone twill, a specific pattern of burn holes that antedate the much later fire in 1532 which nearly destroyed the Shroud, Jesus depicted naked with his hands crossed before him, hands with no visible thumbs.
	www.shroudofturin4journalists.com /history.htm (554 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Compiled from authentic sources by David Pulsifer; with General Burgoyne's account of the battle.Pulsifer, David, 1802-1894.Account of the European Settlements in America, An.
		Gen.Fireside Chat on the Bank CrisisRoosevelt, Franklin D.First charter and the early religious legislation of Massachusetts, The: a lecture in a course on the early history of Massachusetts by members of the Massachusetts historical society, at the Lowell institute, Boston, delivered Feb. 9, 1869.
		.History of the rise, progress and termination of the American revolution: interspersed with biographical, political and moral observationsWarren, Mercy Otis, 1728-1814.Homestead Act of 1862Congress, United StatesHorace Mann on Education and National Welfare, 1848Mann, HoraceHostilities by Mexico.
	www.gale.com /HistoryRC/download/Gale_HRC_Primary_Sources.doc (7434 words)

	Sources of early Hungarian history - Definition, explanation
		Sources of early Hungarian history - Definition, explanation
		The following main Hungarian chronicles contain the early legends and history of the Huns, Magyars and other Hungarians:
		the Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum or Gesta Hungarorum (II)("Deeds of the Huns and Hungarians" or just "Deeds of the Hungarians") by Simon of Kéza (late 13th century)
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/s/so/sources_of_early_hungarian_history.php (148 words)

	Jensen's Web Sources for Wars & World Military History
		The Mexican war: a history of its origin, and a detailed account of the victories which terminated in the surrender of the capital; with the official despatches of the generals.
		The war in Egypt and the Soudan; an episode in the history of the British Empire by Thomas Archer 1880s 4 vol.
		History of the war between Germany and France.
	tigger.uic.edu /~rjensen/military.html (6071 words)

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