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	South African 32 Battalion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		32 Battalion (sometimes nicknamed Buffalo Batallion or Os Terriveis - Portuguese for The Terrible Ones) was an infantry battalion of the pre- 1994 South African Army.
		Unlike other SADF units, 32 Battalion was solely employed as a counter-insurgency unit, although it was eventually also used as a semi-conventional force.
		The battalion primarily consisted of fl Angolan soldiers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) led by white South African officers and NCOs, although there was also a number of officers from countries such as the United Kingdom, Rhodesia, Portugal and the United States in the unit, especially in its early stages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/South_African_32_Battalion (401 words)

	South African Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The South African military evolved within the tradition of frontier warfare fought by popular militias and small irregular commando forces, reinforced by the Afrikaners' historical distrust of large standing armies.
		The most costly action that the South African forces on the Western Front fought in was the Battle of Delville Wood in 1916 - of the 3,000 men from the brigade who entered the wood, only 768 emerged unscathed.
		The South African 2nd Infantry Division also took part in a number of actions in North Africa during 1942, but on 21 June 1942 two complete infantry brigades of the division as well as most of the supporting units were captured at the fall of Tobruk.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/South_African_Army (1854 words)

	Encyclopedia: South African 32 Battalion
		The South African Army is the army of South Africa.
		In South Africa, the term township applies to many types of urban areas, however, under Apartheid, the term township commonly came to mean a single-race residential development which confined non-whites (Africans, coloureds and Indians) who lived near or worked in white-only communities.
		The African National Congress (ANC), a center-left political party was originally (until 1923)called the South African Native National Congress and has been South Africas governing party (in a coalition) since the establishment of majority rule in May 1994.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/South-African-32-Battalion (995 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net
		'''32 Battalion''' (sometimes nicknamed '' African buffalo Buffalo Batallion'' or ''Os Terriveis'' - Portuguese language Portuguese for ''The Terrible Ones'') was an infantry battalion of the pre- 1994 South African Army.
		The battalion primarily consisted of fl Angola n soldiers and non-commissioned officer s (NCOs) led by white South African officers and NCOs, although there was also a number of officers from countries such as the United Kingdom, Rhodesia, Portugal and the United States in the unit, especially in its early stages.
		After Namibia n independence in 1989, the unit was with withdrawn to South Africa where it was used in the counter-insurgency role and later also in the South African Township (South Africa) townships.
	www.mauspfeil.net /South_African_32_Battalion.html (451 words)

	32 Battalion Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The unembellished, factual reporting records how and why 32 Battalion was formed, explores its unique identity forged by the men who fought in it, details the many operations in which they participated, and concludes with its eventual disbandment 13 years later at the dawn of a new South Africa.
		The South African soldiers who fought in it, however, saw it as a conflict aimed at stopping what is now Namibia from falling into the hands of the Soviet and Cuban-backed SWAPO Black nationalist political organisation.
		Battalion was a misnomer for towards the end of the Angolan War 32-Battalion was more a mini brigade with two infantry battalions, an anti-tank squadron of Ratel armoured cars with 90mm guns and anti-tank missiles, two artillery batteries and an anti-aircraft battery.
	www.netcentral.co.uk /~cobus/32book.htm (2090 words)

	32 Battalion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Unlike other SADF Units 32 Battalion was deployed solely as a counter insurgency unit although towards the end of hostilities they were also employed as a semi-conventional force.
		32 did most of the fighting and dying for a Country that ultimately betrayed them, despite promises that they would not be left in the lurch.
		No other unit in the South African Defence Force was more highly decorated than 32 and the tally of 14 Honoris Crux decorations testify to the sacrifices that this unit made for their adopted Country.
	www.netcentral.co.uk /~cobus/32BAT.htm (1285 words)

	Volume TWO Chapter TWO
		South Africa’s forces were not entirely withdrawn; the SADF created an eighteen-kilometre-wide demilitarised zone (DMZ) along a 1 000 kilometre stretch of the border, which it retained after the termination of the invasion.
		The Commission’s analysis of the situation in South West Africa is informed by this position in international law, from which it follows that all security-related actions initiated by the South African and South West African administrations and their security forces were those of illegal and illegitimate authorities.
		South African legislation, including the Terrorism Act of 1967 (introduced specifically to try SWAPO leaders), the Internal Security Act (extended to South West Africa in 1976) and the Riotous Assemblies Act, were employed for these purposes.
	www.niza.nl /trc/2chap2.htm (20609 words)

	…meanwhile, in South Africa, the bloody capitalist-apartheid regime remains…
		GM South Africa dealt extensively with the South African government — its government sales included police and military vehicles — and reaped a tidy profit, which was funneled back to its parent corporation.
		IBM computers leased to the South African government in 1976 were of the sort useful in conducting radar-directed bombing raids; for this reason such computers were at the time illegal to export to the Soviet Union.
		The &#8220;32 Battalion”; embarked on a campaign of destabilization of Angola (a tactic which comes straight out of the CIA manual on “limited engagement” : the “hearts and minds” tactic which was used in Nicaragua).
	www.etext.org /Politics/AlternativeOrange/2/v2n2_misa.html (4522 words)

	The Witness Group - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		South African Nick du Toit, the alleged ringleader of a group of suspected coup-plotters in oil-rich Equatorial Guinea, is said to have strong links with former soldiers and mercenaries active during the apartheid era.
		During its years in operation, Du Toit built strong relations with the South African army's 32 Battalion, a mercenary unit created in the 1970s to fight in Namibia and Angola and made up of foreign soldiers.
		However, an AFP correspondent in court in Malabo said the South African looks to be in good health.
	www.witness.co.za /content/2004_08/26749.htm (337 words)

	32 Battalion < mercenary < Military < : news feed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Earlier this year former members of 32 Battalion repeated that folly for a Briton - and his backers - whose lifestyles are at the opposite end of the wealth spectrum.
		The South African authorities have hinted that the Angolans could be charged under the Foreign Military Assistance Act when they return, the same charge facing Sir Mark.
		Battalion 32 is notorious for its barbarity against the inhabitants of Angola and Namibia.
	schema-root.org /military/mercenaries/32_battalion (1406 words)

	32 Battalion sparks memories
		Pretoria - As South African diplomats helped international mediators behind the scenes in Sao Tome, memories were sparked here of the feared apartheid-era 32 Battalion, some of whose former members are among the putschists in the tiny island nation.
		The Portuguese-speaking fighters enrolled in the South African army were "trained killers", said Lebona Mosia, a former South African liberation fighter.
		In 1993, South Africa's last white president, FW (Frederik) de Klerk disbanded 32 Battalion - much to the disgust of its former members - as part of a political deal with the African National Congress, which won the country's first democratic elections a year later.
	www.news24.com /News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_1391788,00.html (538 words)

	South African mission discreetly helping Sao Tome talks
		But it was agreed that the South African mission would discuss the issues of the former Battalion 32, nicknamed the Buffalo Battalion because of its insignia, on the sidelines of the negotiations, diplomats said.
		The head of the mission, South African Ambassador to Libreville Samuel Monaisa Moutghetit, was careful to note that the delegates are here in support of African Union (AU) efforts to resolve the crisis in the former Portuguese colony.
		Moutghetit would not elaborate on the role of the South African mission, which also includes officials from the president's office and the foreign and defense ministries, before meeting with Saenga.
	quickstart.clari.net /qs_se/webnews/wed/be/Qsaotome-safrica.RGBO_DlN.html (391 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| content feeds \| gulf news 'Mercenaries' members of SADF - source
		The men arrested aboard a captured plane in Zimbabwe are all former members of the apartheid-era South African Defence Force from the former 32 Battalion based in Namibia, a diplomatic source said on Wednesday.
		Sixty-four men, including 20 South Africans, 18 Namibians, 23 Angolans, two DRC citizens and a Zimbabwean travelling on a South African passport have been arrested and are in prison in Zimbabwe.
		She confirmed there were at least seven South Africans who had been arrested in Equatorial Guinea and that one had "spilt the beans".
	iafrica.com /news/content_feeds/gulfnews/308813.htm (468 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| world news Ousted Sao Tome leader returns home
		South African mediators joined the talks on Tuesday, reportedly at the insistence of 16 of the coup plotters, former members of South Africa's apartheid-era armed forces who complain they have been ostracized ever since their return to their native Sao Tome.
		The so-called mercenaries once belonged to the feared South African 32 Battalion, nicknamed the "Buffalo Battalion", which fought against Angola's leftwing MPLA government during the country's civil war, before being disbanded in 1993.
		Made up of recruits from Angola and other Portuguese-speaking African states, the unit was also used for "counter-insurgency" operations against anti-apartheid groups within South Africa, such as the African National Congress, which went on to win the country's first democratic elections in 1994.
	iafrica.com /news/worldnews/256752.htm (604 words)

	911 BATTALION SWATF - BORDER DUTY 1988
		Oshakati was the HQ of Sector 10 and Ruacana the HQ of 51 Battalion.
		How the South African authorities believed they could win an election in SWA when the military intelligence people on the ground, knew it was not possible is difficult to understand.
		The South Africa government cannot blame faulty intelligence for the election loss, as anybody on the border knew the degree of animosity felt by the local population towards the SADF and South African government.
	www.geocities.com /sadfbook/911text.htm (18709 words)

	South Africa to Leash 'Dogs of War' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		JOHANNESBURG -- To the chagrin of South Africa's two-year-old government, former soldiers who once staffed some of the apartheid era's most controversial military and intelligence units are selling their skills to the rest of Africa and beyond.
		South African President Nelson Mandela's struggle for fl-majority rule was thwarted for decades by military and intelligence tactics used by some of the very men who, now mercenaries, are cropping up in conflicts around the continent.
		When white-ruled South Africa fought the dos Santos government, Barlow was an officer in the South African army's 32 Battalion, which consisted largely of Angolans opposed to dos Santos.
	dev.themoscowtimes.com /stories/1996/03/23/023.html (615 words)

	Coup leaders get amnesty
		South African negotiators had also joined the mediation efforts on Tuesday, reportedly at the insistence of 16 of the coup plotters, former members of South Africa's apartheid-era armed forces who complain they have been ostrasised ever since their return to their native Sao Tome.
		The so-called mercenaries once belonged to the feared South African 32 Battalion, nicknamed the "Buffalo Battalion".
		Made up of recruits from Angola and other Portuguese-speaking African states, the unit was used by South Africa's apartheid regime for "counter-insurgency" operations against groups like the African National Congress, which went on to win the country's first democratic elections in 1994.
	www.news24.com /News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_1392557,00.html (698 words)

	Mail & Guardian Online:
		Members of the former South African Defence Force’s crack 32 Battalion, they have been told that their 15-year tenure at Pomfret, a former asbestos-mining town in North West province, will end in July.
		About 6 000 former Angolans were settled there in 1989 and given South African citizenship as part of the defence force’s obligation to its allies during the Angolan War.
		South Africa’s National Prosecuting Authority is anxious to have him extradited and charged with breaching the Foreign Military Assistance Act, but Equatorial Guinea is equally keen to put him on trial.
	mg.co.za /articlePage.aspx?articleid=198866&area=/insight/... (936 words)

	South Africa: Government: Military, South African Military (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Buffalo Battalion Details the history and structure of 32 Battalion one of the main units of the Old South African Defence Force.
		South African Military Units (SAMU) This is a database on the web of South African Military Units from the founding of the first "Way-Station" at the "Cape of Good Hope" up to the present day.
		The South African Air Force Includes news, Orbat, aircraft, bases, history of the SAAF and it's squadrons, attrition summaries, message board, and the SAAF News email list.
	south_africa.mousemagnet.com /military.php (321 words)

	Women and Children in Violent South African Townships - Graeme Simpson
		However, for South Africans, this was accompanied by the fact that four decades of divide and rule ideology suddenly had to be confronted - and such an entrenched political culture does not easily disappear.
		It is as a result of the consequent excessive social, political, criminal and domestic violence in South African society that is have become possible to talk of a "culture of violence".
		Motsei argues that this violence is particularly symbolic of white South Africans' insecurities in a period of political flux and uncertainty where the most "dangerous enemy" was the "enemy within" - those fl South Africans who had easy access to their white oppressors.
	www.csvr.org.za /papers/papwoch.htm (4412 words)

	EG: Du Toit tied to mercenaries
		Johannesburg - South African Nick du Toit, the alleged ringleader of a group of suspected coup-plotters in oil-rich Equatorial Guinea, is said to have strong links with former soldiers and mercenaries active during the apartheid era.
		Du Toit is a former member of the South African army's elite Special Task Forces unit who worked in Executive Outcomes, a mercenary outfit set up by Briton Simon Mann in the early 1990s.
		An AFP correspondent in court in Malabo said the South African looked to be in good psychological and physical health, despite having spent six months in Black Beach prison.
	www.news24.com /News24/AnanziArticle/0,,2-7-1442_1579230,00.html (481 words)

	South African hired guns flock to Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		South African nationals also were heavily involved in providing military assistance and equipment to both sides of the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1998, according to investigative journalists.
		A former director of Executive Outcomes told Africa Confidential that “a military contract between ex-South African Defence Force soldiers and the Sudanese army was widely known in ‘military circles’ in South Africa and involved training Sudanese special forces officers in counter-insurgency operations to guard the oil fields.” NFD claims they are not involved in
		The South African government must decide whether there is any meaning to its Regulation of Foreign Military Assistance Act.
	www.mediareviewnet.com /sa%20mercenaries%20in%20Iraq.htm (551 words)

	Observer \| How much did Straw know and when did he know it?
		Mercenaries with links to the South African 32 Buffalo Battalion - an apartheid-era special forces outfit - were preparing for a military operation to oust the country's dictator President Teodoro Obiang, who had enriched himself with oil wealth while letting his people starve.
		It should therefore have come as no surprise to the FCO when a group of mainly South African mercenaries were arrested in Zimbabwe en route for Equatorial Guinea, swiftly followed by the seizure of a further group with Buffalo Battalion connections in the West African country itself.
		Although Smith's reports made no direct mention of Mann, sources close to the plot have claimed that South African intelligence were aware of the former SAS officer's involvement by January.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5073335-102285,00.html (2076 words)

	Coup d’état in São Tomé and PrÍncipe - African Security Review Vol 12 No 4, 2003
		Yet, the fact that elements of the FDC, including its leader, and several of the officers involved in the coup received military training with the (in) famous South African Defence Forces’ 32 Battalion (a Special Forces battalion involved in insurgency operations in Namibia and Angola for the apartheid regime), was regarded with concern.
		The incorporation of a number of São Tomenses in the 32 Battalion dates back to 1988 when a splinter group of the FRNSTP attempted a seaborne invasion of the archipelago, then under the single-party rule of the MLSTP.
		The Chairman of the African Union condemned the illegal overthrow of the government saying that ‘this event constitutes a setback to the efforts of the African Union aimed at restoration of peace, stability and economic recovery on the whole continent’.
	www.iss.co.za /pubs/ASR/12No4/AWPorto.html (1796 words)

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