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Topic: South African literature

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	South African literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the first well known novels written by a fl author in an African language was Solomon Thekiso Plaatje's Mhudi, written in 1930.
		Andre Brink was the first Afrikaner writer to be banned by the government after he released the novel A Dry White Season about a white South African who discovers the truth about a fl friend who dies in police custody.
		South Africa's unique social and political history have generated a strong group of local writers, which themes that span the days of apartheid to the lives of people in the "new South Africa".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/South_African_literature (419 words)

	Student Showcase \| South Africa Study Abroad 2001
		South African literature is at a point in its evolution at which definition is problematic.
		So-called protest literature (a nomenclature which some authors take issue with(1)) was born out of the maelstrom of the early anti-apartheid struggle and was necessarily influenced by oppressive apartheid policies.
		Contemporary literature is more concerned with interpersonal relationships and introspection, of allowing for forays into the internal lives of characters that were not acceptable in literary circles amidst the exigencies of protest literature.
	www.academy.umd.edu /education/student_showcase/SouthAfrica/SA2001/article_JBrown.htm (6136 words)

	Additional Reading (from South African literature) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is an important junction of railways running west from London and south from the Midlands, and the Kennet and Avon Canal (to Bath and Bristol) and the River Thames afford it connections by water.
		African literature of the late colonial and early postcolonial eras
		African literature of the 1950s was characterized by its focus on the disruptive effects of European colonialism on traditional African society.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-6783?tocId=6783 (805 words)

	Children's Literature
		A quick definition is "literature written for African children by African authors either in the vernacular or in a foreign language" (Meniru 1992:43).
		During the colonial period African children in government and missionary schools were introduced to children's literature that was alien to their experience.
		The South African Children's Literature Collection at UCT [see the same page for their historical Children's Literature Collection]: "Books published in South Africa from 1989 and exhibited annually by the Children's Book Forum of the Western Cape make up the core of this collection, apparently the only one of its kind in the country.
	web.uflib.ufl.edu /cm/africana/children.htm (1213 words)

	South african literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Look for South african literature in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for South african literature in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for South african literature in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/south_african_literature (165 words)

	African literature on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		African literature consists of a body of work in different languages and various genres, ranging from oral literature to literature written in colonial languages (French, Portuguese, and English).
		Some of the first African writings to gain attention in the West were the poignant slave narratives, such as The Interesting Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African (1789), which described vividly the horrors of slavery and the slave trade.
		French-speaking Africans in France, led by Léopold Senghor, were active in the négritude movement from the 1930s, along with Léon Damas and Aimé Césaire, French speakers from French Guiana and Martinique.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/a/africanlit.asp (1273 words)

	AllRefer.com - South African literature (South African Literature) - Encyclopedia
		Populated by diverse ethnic and language groups, South Africa has a distinctive literature in many African languages as well as Afrikaans (a vernacular derived from Dutch) and English.
		One of the best known among the English-language novelists is Olive Schreiner, author of The Story of an African Farm (1883); she is considered the first great South African novelist.
		Roy Campbell is known as a South African poet, although he lived in England after 1926.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SthAfrlit.html (695 words)

	South African literature - SouthAfrica.info
		The first fictional works to emerge from South Africa were produced by immigrants who often felt alienated from the South African landscape - at the same time as they were fascinated by its often harsh beauty.
		This is especially true of the writers of adventure-type stories, in which colonial heroes are romanticised and the role of fl South Africans was reduced to that of enemy or servant.
		But with more and more South African struggle biographies filling the shelves, they are leaving behind a considerable legacy in print.
	www.southafrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/culture/literature.htm (476 words)

	South African Children's Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The African people of South Africa were exposed to missionary education and later to an inferior education system which was a result of the policy of apartheid of the South African government.
		It was expected that the change in government in the country and the elevation of the African languages to official status would lead to the development of children's literature in the African languages, but for several reasons this has not yet occurred.
		The rise of African consciousness and nationalism in the battle against apartheid has led to the identification of English as the language for education and freedom.
	www.childlit.org.za /history.html (945 words)

	Untitled Document
		This elasticity of the concept of literature is very much apparent and evident in the historical structure of South African literature, especially in our present time, a context in which political stresses and forces impinge dramatically on the figuration of cultural formations.
		The survival and importance of Afrikaans literature in a post-Apartheid era, and perhaps post-revolutionary epoch, will undoubtedly be a fascinating and taxing question because today the peculiar dominance of this literature is largely due to it being nurtured by the ideological state apparatuses of Apartheid.
		The political crisis in which the South African Apartheid State finds itself, has extended to the cultural sphere of literary creativity, in that the hegemony of English language writing by fl writers is in a state of severe crisis, as it will be apparent in a moment.
	www.pitzer.edu /academics/faculty/masilela/nam/general/essays/historicalpro.htm (2315 words)

	South African literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the first well known novels written by a fl author in an African language was 's, written in 1930.
		Several influential fl poets became prominant in the 1970s such as Mongane Wally Serote, whose most famous work,, gave insight into the every day lives of fl South Africans under apartheid.
		His novel, won the 2001 Commonwealth Writers Prize and was made a part of the school curriculum across South Africa.
	www.gilroy.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/South_African_literature (398 words)

	The Black Consciousness Movement in South African Literature
		Amatoritsero (Godwin) Ede is a poet and MA student of literature at the Hannover University in Germany.
		There was a huge exodus of African intellectuals, some of whom were members of these organisations [and] these exiled groups worked tirelessly to fill in the vacuum by re-establishing underground organisations inside the home-base [...] especially in institutions of learning like high schools, boarding schools, theological seminaries and universities.
		Before and after Sharpeville most pioneer fl modern South African writers were either banned, incarcerated or exiled in the main, such that there was a clear division between exile literature and literature within the country.
	nigeriansinamerica.com /articles/26/1/The-Black-Consciousness-Movement-in-South-African-Literature... (2005 words)

	South African Literature on the Internet
		South African writer, John Coetzee won the 2003 Nobel Prize for Literature, as announced October 2, 2003.
		The Novel in Africa, is the text of November 1998's Una's Lecture, delivered by South African novelist J.M. Coetzee.
		A description of the 9 different databases in the South African Studies database is available.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/southafrica/rsalit.html (1714 words)

	Periodization in South African Literature - Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		South African literature has been a fragmented and divided subject, categorized by race, language, ethnicity, and geography into multiple, mutually isolated streams of literary histories.
		Now that South Africa has entered a new era in its history with the election of Nelson Mandela to power, South African literature and literary study are being revised and reconsidered.
		Thus, there were few studies of South African literary history until very recently.(1) A review of anthologies and essays from the 1950s through the 1980s exposes the roots of the current debates over South African literary history.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=5000486020 (543 words)

	African Studies Review: Truth and Reconciliation: The Confessional Mode in South African Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		More specifically, her aim is to demonstrate that the confessional mode has always been and is still dominant in South African literature.
		The idea of paying attention to confessional discourse in South Africa was clearly inspired by the current interest in the South African truth and reconciliation process, since Gallagher considers the language used at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) hearings as a prototypical form of the confessional mode.
		She offers a refreshing and innovative approach to discourse in South Africa, and does so by paying attention to both the historical background and the prospects for the future.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4106/is_200309/ai_n9241322 (792 words)

	ARTS & CULTURE - History of South African Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The origins of Black South African literature in English lie in the Eastern Cape.
		The discovery of diamonds and gold irrevocably transformed South African society and a new literature began to develop as a response to changing circumstances.
		Union in 1910 persuaded many educated Blacks to unite into a single organization in 1912 (the African National Congress) and most writers for the first half of the century, at least, adhered to its ideals.
	sahistory.org.za /pages/artsmediaculture/pages/literature/history.htm (1143 words)

	Susan Gallagher MLA 2003
		She was a remarkable writer-one of the first fl South African women to publish for an international audience, but a controversial figure who had largely been ignored by the critics.
		A well-educated, middle-class South African, Jabavu was sent to England for schooling in 1933, married an Englishman, and did not return to South Africa until 1955, after the formal establishment of apartheid.
		Jabavu lived in exile for twenty years but wanted to return permanently to South Africa in the seventies; however, since she held a British passport, the South African authorities labeled her an alien, and she was not permitted to stay more than three months.
	www.cwru.edu /affil/sce/Texts_2003/Gallagher.htm (4189 words)

	South African literature
		is known as a South African poet, although he lived in England after 1926.
		English literature - English literature, literature written in English since c.1450 by the inhabitants of the British...
		Literature and the Arts: Literature in English - Encyclopedia Literature and the Arts Literature in English American Literature American Literature:...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/ent/A0846025.html (552 words)

	South African Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		South African Studies is a unique anthology (published by NISC South Africa) of 15 different databases providing access to over 1,103,950 records.
		South African Studies supplies unprecedented access to the great majority of documents published in and about South Africa, including theses, dissertations and current research.
		A listing of all the creative literature and works of literary criticism published by South Africans of colour between the years 1800 and 1990.
	www.nisc.com /factsheets/qsas.asp (1223 words)

	CLIO: Periodization in South African literature.(A Special Issue on Periodization)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		South African literature has been separated into several periods, often using race, ethnicity, geography and language.
		This effort may reveal the commonalities between all South African people as opposed to the current frameworks that seek to divide.
		South African literature has been a fragmented and divided subject, categorized by race, language,...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:19791105&refid=holomed_1 (217 words)

	African Studies: African Literature
		Bibliography of criticism of South African literature in English (1996).
		African and comparative studies in literature and the social sciences; in French and English.
		Begun in Spring 1996, it is intended to serve primarily as a resource for students of postcolonial literature and theory at Emory University.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/aflit.html (2879 words)

	AllRefer.com - Es'kia Mphahlele (South African Literature, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He emigrated from South Africa in 1957, when the government banned him because of his stand against apartheid.
		He received a Ph.D. from the Univ. of Denver (1968) and left a full professorship at the Univ. of Pennsylvania to return to South Africa in 1977.
		Of his novels, The Wanderers (1969) was banned for many years in South Africa.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Mphahlel.html (274 words)

	"FRED DE VRIES" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Grande Dame of South African literature twitches her mouth, a mini-moment of visible irritation.
		After the official end of apartheid in 1994 it was tempting to be sedated by the euphoria that swept across the New South Africa, with its new leaders and new poets laureates.
		With his book Vladislavic touches upon the essence of literature; the magic of words in a certain order; the dismay of the reader when, after a few pages, he notices that he has been identifying himself with the repulsive Aubrey Tearle.
	www.muse-apprentice-guild.com /summer_2003/1essays_reviews/fred_de_vries/literary_magazine.html (2771 words)

	AllRefer.com - Alan Paton (South African Literature, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		A devoted leader in the struggle to end the oppression of the South African fls, he served (1935–47) as principal of the Diepkloof Reformatory (near Johannesburg) for delinquent boys, where he instituted many reforms.
		Paton's fiction, written with simplicity and compassion, reflects the deep conflicts that continue to exist in South Africa today.
		Among his other works are South Africa in Transition (1956); Hope for South Africa (1958); The Long View (1968), a volume of essays; and For You Departed (1969), a memoir and tribute to his wife.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Paton-Al.html (293 words)

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