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Topic: South African military decorations

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	South African National Defence Force - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The military as it exists today was created in 1994, following South Africa's first post-apartheid national elections and the adoption of a new constitution.
		Recent peacekeeping actions on the behalf of the South African military include an invasion of Lesotho in order to restore the democratically-elected government after a coup, as well as extensive contributions to the United Nations peacekeeping operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi.
		South Africa at one time possessed weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons, but its stockpile was dismantled during the early 1990s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_South_Africa (501 words)

	Christmas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Decorating a Christmas tree with lights and ornaments and the decoration of the interior of the home with garlands and evergreen foliage, particularly holly and mistletoe, are common traditions.
		In Australia, North and South America and to a lesser extent Europe, it is traditional to decorate the outside of houses with lights and sometimes with illuminated sleighs, snowmen, and other Christmas figures.
		Although Christmas decorations, such as the tree, are essentially secular in character in some parts of the world, e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christmas (6654 words)

	WW2 U.S. Campaign Medals
		Decorations are awarded for specific acts of bravery or outstanding service, service medals are awarded to soldiers who have taken part in specific campaigns, and the Good Conduct medal is considered in a category of its own.
		Decorations are worn first, in descending in order from the Medal of Honor on down, followed by the Good Conduct Medal, and then all service medals in a specific standardized order.
		Like decorations for valor, the good conduct medal is considered an award earned by an individual's actions, and thus has a location on the reverse for the awardee's name to be engraved.
	www.militaria.com /medals.html (4371 words)

	South African Military Army
		The Centre is a South African NGO which began operations in 1989.
		Has information on an Aug. 1997 South African Defence Force Symposium and Reunion, most of the text of a 1979 report by a Conservative Party (UK) election observer team to the first one man one vote elections, Ministry of Information pamphlets published during the civil war, articles on the wars in Angola and Namibia.
		"the Military Academy today is a military unit of the SANDF housing the Faculty of Military Science of the University of Stellenbosch." "The Military Academy is situated on the West Coast in the town of Saldanha."http://www.sun.ac.za/mil/
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/southafrica/rsamil.html (1139 words)

	Category:Military decorations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Awards and decorations of the military of India
		Awards and decorations of the military of Sri Lanka
		Awards and decorations of the military of Germany
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Military_decorations (115 words)

	The South African Air Force in the Early Eighties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Faced with the Soviet-backed SWAPO, the South African government is resolved not to wait placidly for strikes instigated by the African National Congress and Pan-Africanist Congress (Communist guerrilla and terrorist groups that operate across the RSA border) to develop.
		South African research and development is active and highly competent, concentrating primarily on avionics and missiles.
		South African airmen, very much aware of their record on the side of the Allies in two world wars, find themselves cutoff, for political reasons, from their former comrades.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1983/Jul-Aug/alves.html (1850 words)

	South African Military History Society - Copey's Castle - Book
		This study analyses the readiness of the British military establishment for war in 1899 and its performance in the South African War (1899-1902).
		The South African War was a crucial transitional episode in the history of the British army.
		For almost a century many South Africans have served their country with distinction in war and peace as naval volunteers and reservists - and this is their story.
	samilitaryhistory.org /bookcope.html (6276 words)

	Decorations and Medals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Decorations for bravery are Nkwe ya Gauta (NG), Nkwe ya Selefera (NS) and Nkwe ya Boronse (NB), which shall be awarded for bravery in military operations in the place of the Castle of Good Hope Decoration, the Honoris Crux (Silver) and the Honoris Crux.
		Distinctive bars to be worn on the ribbon of the decoration mark subsequent awards.
		Decorations for leadership, meritorious conduct or devotion to duty are iPhrothiya yeGolide (PG), iPhrothiya yeSiliva (PS) and iPhrothiya yeBhronzi (PB), which shall be awarded instead of the Southern Cross Decoration, the Southern Cross Medal and the Military Merit Medal.
	www.saairforce.co.za /medals.htm (661 words)

	South African Military History Society - Historical Outline of the Society
		The South African Military History Society celebrated its 21st Birthday in October of last year, and so the inclusion in the Journal of a brief historical outline of the Society would seem to be appropriate.
		During his military service he had built up a fairly large collection of military unit badges and this had led to contact with other collectors, military historians and societies catering for their aims.
		On the occasion of the Society's Tenth Anniversary a braaivleis was held at the SA National Museum of Military History on Friday evening, 19 November 1976, when a plaque was presented to the Museum as a token of appreciation for the assistance given to the Society by the Museum.
	samilitaryhistory.org /founding.html (3655 words)

	African American Freedom Fighters: Soldiers for Liberty
		To the south, and divided by the 38th Parallel, was the Republic of South Korea.
		African Americans decidedly chose to serve the causes of America, even though educational, employment, and housing opportunities were not widespread in 1965.
		In the military, the African American soldier was able to maximize some degree of service rank and gain a form of respect which comes with loyalty to one's country.
	www.liunet.edu /cwis/cwp/library/aaffsfl.htm (10716 words)

	National Intelligence Agency - South African Intelligence Agencies
		Military service is also performed to prevent or suppress internal disorder, preserve life, health and property, and to maintain essential services.
		The process of integrating the former South African Defence Force (SADF) with the military wings of the African National Congress (ANC), Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) and the armies of the former homelands into one force started on 16 May 1994 and will be completed by 31 March 1998.
		The role of Defence Intelligence is to enhance political and military decision-making wrt national security and military-related developments that may have an impact on the area of strategic interest in general, and on the RSA in particular.
	www.globalsecurity.org /intell/world/rsa/df_id.htm (3187 words)

	Perspectives: The South African War
		A respected officer in the British Army, it was at the Siege and Defense of Mafeking during the South African (Anglo-Boer) War that he made his name and first gained public recognition.
		He was later to become the Commander-in-Chief in India (1885-1893), in the South African War (1899-1902) and, finally Commander-in-Chief of the British Army (1901-1904).
		The "South African War Virtual Library" is the best and most important place to start any research on the South African War.
	www.pinetreeweb.com /perspectives.htm (1842 words)

	WarMuseum.ca - South African War - The South African Constabulary
		In August 1900, two months after the fall of Pretoria, Major-General Robert Baden-Powell, famous as the leader of the besieged garrison of Mafeking, was appointed to raise and command the new force.
		The SAC was a military organization disguised as a police force.
		Nevertheless, the British Army did not recognize it as a full partner in the war, despite the fact the SAC took part in many campaigns and experienced some hard fighting, as attested to by its casualty records and the list of honours and awards won by its members.
	www.warmuseum.ca /cwm/boer/southafricaconstabulary_e.html (389 words)

	The rise and fall of the South African “six-pack”
		Fear and loathing in an impoverished township of South Africa.
		Those hard bodies were progressively stripped of their decorations as the African National Congress took power in 1994 and distanced itself from the guerrilla’s methods and functions.
		South Africa has the highest per capita rate of reported rape in the world (for every 100,000 women, 1,300 are raped each year, according to a 1999 study).
	www.unesco.org /courier/2001_07/uk/doss22.htm (1331 words)

	The Probert Encyclopaedia - Weapons and Warfare (C-F)
		The term originated in South Africa in the 19th century, where it referred to Boer military reprisal raids against Africans and, in the South African Wars, against the British.
		The Croix de Guerre are French and Belgian military decorations which were instituted in 1915 and given to members of the forces on land, sea or in the air for conspicuous bravery.
		The dum-dum bullet was a British military bullet developed in India's Dum-Dum Arsenal and used on India's North West Frontier and in the Sudan in 1897 and 1898.
	www.fas.org /news/reference/probert/F3.HTM (8840 words)

	South African Tennis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		She represented South African Veterans internationally and was part of the 65+ ladies team who toured Austria in 1996 with Twinx Rogers and Gloria Larkan.
		Shirley was born in Scottburgh along the South Coast of Natal and at age 9 moved with her family to Swaziland where she was a pupil at St Marks in Mbabane.
		Represented South African Veterans internationally in 1997 with Petro Kruger, Marietjie Viljoen and Greta Delport.
	www.savta.org.za /vetsobit.asp (6604 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Some of the West African units included are: The West India Regiment 1815 and 1900.
		History of the Nigerian Military Forces, with special emphasis on the growth and development of the post-independence army after the handover of control by the War Office, the first overseas campaigns and the relationship with politicians.
		IX The Military Coups of 15 and 16 January.
	4dw.net /royalark/ADDISON/WA.htm (629 words)

	Australian military medal, - Grants Militaria Photo Gallery - Australian Militaria Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Australia is particularly fortunate in having secured this medal, The military medal is only given when she has displayed bravery under fire.
		Military Medal - 2nd bar, 15 Source: RD Williams, Medals to Australia from 1858 - 1999, 4th Ed., (Melbourne, 2000).
		In 1974 he graduated from the Royal Military College, Duntroon, with a Bachelor of Arts degree and was allocated the Royal Australian Infantry Corps.
	www.findoutwebsite.com /?q=australian-military-medal (511 words)

	South African Military Decorations & Medals: 1913-1939
		THE UNION OF South Africa was formed in 1910 by uniting the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, and Transvaal.
		Long service medals were entirely at the disposal of the South African government, and were the same as those awarded in other parts of the British Empire.
		Note: although this was originally an army decoration, it was also granted to the air force.
	www.geocities.com /militaf/2-m-1913.htm (1128 words)

	List of military decorations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a list of military decorations, listed in order of precedence, awarded by different countries, listed in alphabetical order.
		Information pertaining to Second World War German decorations may be found under the article Awards and Decorations of Nazi Germany.
		Complete information pertaining to U.S. awards may be found under the article: Awards and decorations of the United States military.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_military_decorations (470 words)

	South Africa (British Empire & Commonwealth Land Forces)
		South Africa left the Commonwealth 1961 and was readmitted 1994.
		South African Defence: In Transition, by Dr. Martin Edmonds.
		Civic Heraldry of South Africa, by Ralf Hartemink.
	www.regiments.org /nations/africa/safrica.htm (1088 words)

	Biography of Jacob Zuma
		He left South Africa in 1975 and for the next 12 years, based first in Swaziland and then Mozambique, dealt with thousands of young exiles who poured out of South Africa in the wake of the Soweto uprising.
		In 1991, at the first ANC National Conference held in South Africa after the unbanning of the organisation, he was elected the Deputy Secretary General of the ANC.
		After the first national democratic elections in South Africa in 1994, Jacob Zuma was appointed as Member of the Executive Committee (MEC) of Economic Affairs and Tourism for the KZN provincial government.
	www.anc.org.za /people/zumaj.html (1316 words)

	[No title]
		Detailed history of the South London unit of gunner s, from date of raising as volunteers in 1860 and peacetime soldiering, formation of the Territorial Force in 1908, service during the Great War, peace between the Wars, Second World War, Cold War to amalgamation in 1961.
		The standard modern work on the lineage of present and former units of the British la nd forces, containing biographical outlines of the cavalry, yeomanry, armoured, artillery, infantry, marines, apecial forces and air force ground troops of the regular, territorial, volunteer, militia and reserve forces of the United Kingdom, Ireland and t he crown possessions.
		20: Nottinghamshire - The Sherwood Rangers - The South Nottinghamshire Hussars.
	4dw.net /royalark/ADDISON/UK.htm (6287 words)

	Ananzi : SA Directory
		Coins of South Africa and from the rest of the world.
		Militaria Africana Southern African military history and related topics.
		South African Military Decorations & Medals Details of South African military awards between 1913 and 1939: decorations, campaign medals, and long service medals.
	www.ananzi.co.za /catalog/HomeandHobbies/Hobbies/Coins,MedalsandBadges (296 words)

	Government Leaders - President
		The focus of his activities during this time was to consolidate the underground structures of the ANC and to mobilise the people inside South Africa.
		Led a delegation of the ANC to Dakar, Senegal, where talks were held with a delegation from the Institute for a Democratic Alternative for South Africa (IDASA) (1987).
		Led the ANC delegation which held secret talks with the South African Government from 1989 and which led to agreements about the unbanning of the ANC and the release of political prisoners.
	www.info.gov.za /leaders/president (724 words)

	A Personal Collection of War Medals and Decorations - South African Military History Society - Journal
		Thereafter he enlisted in the South African Medical Corps, and subsequently served for two and a half years with 6 South African Armoured Division in Egypt and Italy as Regimental Medical Officer, Prince Alfred’s Guard.
		He is the Hononary Curator of the Museum's medal and numismatics collection and is a recognized authority on medals and decorations awarded to South Africans during the past century and a half.
		There are some 25 illustrations of the unofficial military commemorative medals awarded by various cities, towns and boroughs in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia.
	rapidttp.com /milhist/vol055fm.html (843 words)

	British Gallantry, Orders, and Campaign ribbons. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		All Gallantry Decorations and Orders must be 'Gazetted' before they are effective, that is to say they must appear in an edition of the London Gazette.
		A not very well know fact about the D.S.C is that it is the only purely Naval decoration (as opposed to 'medal'), and as such was awarded to the town of Dunkirk "for the gallant behaviour of its inhabitants" during WW1.
		Founded in March 1916, the Military Medal is awarded to non-commissioned officers and men of the Army "for individual and associated acts of bravery brought to notice by the recommendation of the Commander-in-Chief in the field".
	www.petergh.f2s.com /medals.htm (3345 words)

	Roberts of Kandahar-Honours: King's South Africa Medal, 1901
		Queen Victoria having died during the South African War, King Edward VII authorized this medal to be given to all who were serving in South Africa on or after 1st January, 1902, and who would complete eighteen months' service before 1st June, 1902.
		Gibbs provides background notes on some of the actions for which the Queen's South Africa Medal was awarded in "Bars and Medals" from the Military History Journal of the South African Military History Society, Volume 2, Number 3, June, 1973.
		Lord Roberts was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry in the face of the enemy while serving as a Lieutenant in the Bengal Horse Artillery (Indian Army) during the Indian Mutiny.
	www.pinetreeweb.com /roberts-honours-ksam.htm (227 words)

	WarMuseum.ca - South African War - Leliefontein
		In the early morning of 6 November, a strong British column left the eastern Transvaal town of Belfast and rode south to disperse a large Boer commando reported to be camped about thirty kilometres to the south near the Komati River.
		To cover his withdrawal, the British commander detailed the Royal Canadian Dragoons and the two 12-pounder field guns of "D" Battery as his rearguard, all under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel François-Louis Lessard of the Dragoons.
		The number of decorations, including Victoria Crosses to Lieutenants H.Z. Cockburn, R.E.W. Turner and Sergeant E.J. Holland, all of the Royal Canadian Dragoons, attests to the intensity of the fighting.
	www.warmuseum.ca /cwm/boer/battleleliefontein_e.html (459 words)

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