South African referendum, 1992

South African referendum, 1992 - Factbites
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Topic: South African referendum, 1992

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In the News (Thu 24 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

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Match Play

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Hugh Jackman

	Sub-Saharan Africa Region
		South African troops and German troops clashed near Salaita Hill on February 12, 1916, resulting in the deaths of 132 South African soldiers.
		South African personnel were withdrawn from Rhodesia on January 30, 1980.
		The UN General Assembly condemned the apartheid policies of the South African government on October 12, 1955.
	faculty.uca.edu /~markm/tpi_narratives_africa.htm

	Netherlands (The Kingdom of the)
		Relations between the Netherlands and South Africa have particularly strengthened since 1990, with further impetus given to bilateral relations by the South African referendum in 1992 and the inauguration of the Government of National Unity.
		In 1997, VNG and the South African Local Government Association concluded a Memorandum of Understanding in terms of which the two organisations formally agreed to cooperate mainly in the field of the training of local government officials and councillors.
		The NZAV was founded in 1881 in order to provide the Dutch need for the cultural exchange between the Netherlands and South Africa with a more structural foundation.
	www.dfa.gov.za /foreign/bilateral/netherlands.html

	A case study in tyranny
		The program is a chronology of the most important events in South Africa from the arrival of Dutch and French settlers in the 1650s to the March 17, 1992 white referendum that endorsed the continuation of the negotiation process.
		Even fewer will fail to be inspired by the courageous and continuous struggle, against enormous odds, of the South African people, led by the African National Congress, which has brought South Africa to the verge of democracy.
		For anybody who has not studied the history of South Africa and its people's struggle against apartheid in detail, this program, despite flaws, offers an excellent introduction and overview.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1993/100/100p28.htm

	Evolution of the White Right - 'Volk' Faith and Fatherland, The Security Threat Posed by the White Right - Monograph No 81 March 2003
		One of the preconditions the Freedom Front had to participate in the April 1994 general election was the official signing of an accord with the National Party government and ANC.
		It is estimated that the Freedom Front received 14% of the white vote (less than half of the right wing vote in the 1992 referendum).
		As leader of the Freedom Front Viljoen did, however, admit to both the proposal to establish a volkstaat by force prior to the 1994 election and his own role within it.
	www.iss.co.za /Pubs/Monographs/No81/Chap2.html (7253 words)

	Congo - Atlapedia Online
		It is bound by Gabon to the west, Cameroon to the northwest, Central African Republic to the north, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) to the south and east as well as Angola and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.
		On Mar. 15, 1992 a referendum resulted in the approval of the new constitution with legislative elections held in June and July 1992.
		Average annual precipitation varies from 1,250 to 1,750 mm (49 to 69 inches) while it is heaviest in the north and decreases towards the Atlantic Coast in the south.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/congo.htm (7253 words)

	Burundi - Atlapedia Online
		On Jan. 4, 1992 the Presidents of Burundi, Rwanda and Zaire agreed to reactivate permanent security commissions while on Mar. 9, 1992 a referendum on a draft constitution resulted in overwhelming support for changes that included multiparty politics.
		It is bound by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, Lake Tanganyika to the southwest and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) to the west.
		Burundi is a high rolling country that is part of the Great African Plateau while it forms the divide between the Nile and the Zaire River Basins and has three natural regions.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/burundi.htm (1211 words)

	Congo - Atlapedia Online
		It is bound by Gabon to the west, Cameroon to the northwest, Central African Republic to the north, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) to the south and east as well as Angola and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.
		On Mar. 15, 1992 a referendum resulted in the approval of the new constitution with legislative elections held in June and July 1992.
		In June 1991 after the conclusion of the National Conference a new constitution was drafted and Andre Milongo was appointed Prime Minister of a transitional government until scheduled elections in 1992..
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/congo.htm (1211 words)

	Burundi - Atlapedia Online
		On Jan. 4, 1992 the Presidents of Burundi, Rwanda and Zaire agreed to reactivate permanent security commissions while on Mar. 9, 1992 a referendum on a draft constitution resulted in overwhelming support for changes that included multiparty politics.
		Burundi is a high rolling country that is part of the Great African Plateau while it forms the divide between the Nile and the Zaire River Basins and has three natural regions.
		It is bound by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, Lake Tanganyika to the southwest and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) to the west.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/burundi.htm (1211 words)

	Burundi - Atlapedia Online
		On Jan. 4, 1992 the Presidents of Burundi, Rwanda and Zaire agreed to reactivate permanent security commissions while on Mar. 9, 1992 a referendum on a draft constitution resulted in overwhelming support for changes that included multiparty politics.
		It is bound by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, Lake Tanganyika to the southwest and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) to the west.
		Burundi is a high rolling country that is part of the Great African Plateau while it forms the divide between the Nile and the Zaire River Basins and has three natural regions.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/burundi.htm (1201 words)

	Morroco/Western Sahara: Kelthoum Ahmed Labid El-Ouanat: prisoner of conscience
		The referendum on the future of Western Sahara, sponsored by the United Nations, in cooperation with the Organization of African Unity (OAU), and agreed by Morocco and the Polisario Front, was scheduled to take place at the beginning of 1992 but has been postponed ever since.
		Kelthoum Ahmed Labid El-Ouanat was arrested on 10 October 1992 in the office of the governor in Smara, where she had gone with her father in response to a summons she had received the previous day.
		Kelthoum Ahmed Labid EL-OUANAT, a 24-year-old woman from Smara (Western Sahara) is currently imprisoned in Ben Sergaou Military Prison, near Agadir (south of Morocco) serving a 20-year prison sentence imposed by the Moroccan military court in July 1993.
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/morocco_and_western_sahara/document.do?id=DA0368F6BD819BAA80256900006932EB (1201 words)

	Congo - Atlapedia Online
		It is bound by Gabon to the west, Cameroon to the northwest, Central African Republic to the north, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) to the south and east as well as Angola and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.
		On Mar. 15, 1992 a referendum resulted in the approval of the new constitution with legislative elections held in June and July 1992.
		MODERN HISTORY - WWII TO 1993: In 1958 Congo gained internal self government and in 1960 Congo became independent with Fulbert Youlou as President, however, he was forced to resign in Aug. 1960 after moves to create a single party state faced growing opposition and a general strike.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/congo.htm (1201 words)

	Burundi - Atlapedia Online
		On Jan. 4, 1992 the Presidents of Burundi, Rwanda and Zaire agreed to reactivate permanent security commissions while on Mar. 9, 1992 a referendum on a draft constitution resulted in overwhelming support for changes that included multiparty politics.
		Burundi is a high rolling country that is part of the Great African Plateau while it forms the divide between the Nile and the Zaire River Basins and has three natural regions.
		It is bound by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, Lake Tanganyika to the southwest and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) to the west.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/burundi.htm (1211 words)

	Democratic Republic of the Congo - Atlapedia Online
		It is bound by the Republic of Congo and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola to the southwest, Zambia to the southeast, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda to the east, Sudan to the northeast and the Central African Republic to the north and northwest.
		CLIMATE: Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) is crossed by the Equator and the seasons are reversed in the north and south.
		In Aug. 1992 the conference elected Tshisekedi to succeed Karl-I-Bond as Prime Minister which led to violent ethnic riots between the two leaders supporters.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/DemRepCongo.htm (1211 words)

	Bishopscourt Update Item No 470 -- September 10, 1992
		The church leaders then crossed the border and went to Brigadier Gqozo's offices for a meeting which had been arranged by the archbishop in discussions with Mr de Klerk and Mr Pik Botha, the South African Foreign Minister.
		Brigadier Gqozo said he was willing for the ``will of the people'' to be tested, but would not agree to ``a referendum'' or to commit himself to a timetable.
		They met the Ciskei's Council of State for about an hour, then moved to a nearby hotel for discussions with local church leaders.
	www.cpsa.org.za /oldarc/470.html (1211 words)

	Ngwazi: Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda
		Malawi Pres Kamuzu Banda announced on Oct 18, 1992 that a referendum would be held to decide if Malawi should remain a one-party country or switch to a multi-party system.......Full Story.
		In July he finally retired from the Life Presidency of the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) and in November he died in a South African hospital.
		A role that comes from what is known as Operation Bwezani, a Malawi Army operation to disarm the Malawi Young Pioneers (MYP) at the height of the political transition in December 1993....Author...
	www.geocities.com /hastings_kamuzu_banda (486 words)

	Congo, Republic of - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Congo, Republic of
		Country in west-central Africa, bounded north by Cameroon and the Central African Republic, east and south by the Democratic Republic of Congo, west by the Atlantic Ocean, and northwest by Gabon.
		A new constitution was approved by referendum in March 1992, and multiparty elections were held in August.
		The Congo became an autonomous republic within the French Community in 1958, and Abbé Fulbert Youlou, a Roman Catholic priest who involved himself in politics and was suspended by the church, became prime minister and then president when full independence was achieved in 1960.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Congo,+Republic+of (891 words)

	Ngwazi: Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda
		Malawi Pres Kamuzu Banda announced on Oct 18, 1992 that a referendum would be held to decide if Malawi should remain a one-party country or switch to a multi-party system.......Full Story.
		In July he finally retired from the Life Presidency of the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) and in November he died in a South African hospital.
		In contrast Banda's idea of the movement was that of an organization that the state (and he personally) would use as a means of appropriating gender concerns for national development and political goals.
	www.geocities.com /hastings_kamuzu_banda (486 words)

	Ngwazi: Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda
		Malawi Pres Kamuzu Banda announced on Oct 18, 1992 that a referendum would be held to decide if Malawi should remain a one-party country or switch to a multi-party system.......Full Story.
		In July he finally retired from the Life Presidency of the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) and in November he died in a South African hospital.
		In contrast Banda's idea of the movement was that of an organization that the state (and he personally) would use as a means of appropriating gender concerns for national development and political goals.
	www.geocities.com /hastings_kamuzu_banda (486 words)

	Ghana - Country information - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
		In November 1992, he successfully contested presidential elections under a new civil democratic constitution based on the United States model and approved by referendum earlier that year.
		Ghanaian troops have participated in the Nigerian-led Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) that was despatched to Liberia in August 1990 to seek a solution to its civil war.
		The highest densities are in the urban, and the cocoa farming, areas in the south, and in the north-east, where intensive compound farming is practised.
	pandora.nla.gov.au /pan/10596/20031013/www.dfat.gov.au/geo/ghana/ghana_brief.html (486 words)

	"Boycott South Africa 2010 World Cup" - Stormfront White Nationalist Community
		(1992 REFERENDUM: Common knowledge that the outcome was altered, due our national cricket team's participation at the time in the semi-final of the Cricket World Cup, in Australia.)
		Play ball when African's is placed in a position to kill a thousand odd white Afrikaners, but when the shoe is on the other foot we turn our faces the other way.
		And the whole world including GREAT britan (God save the queen?), is bending backwards for one, 85 year old, bomb planting, pro-communist black.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=188056 (486 words)

	"Boycott South Africa 2010 World Cup" - Stormfront White Nationalist Community
		(1992 REFERENDUM: Common knowledge that the outcome was altered, due our national cricket team's participation at the time in the semi-final of the Cricket World Cup, in Australia.)
		Play ball when African's is placed in a position to kill a thousand odd white Afrikaners, but when the shoe is on the other foot we turn our faces the other way.
		And the whole world including GREAT britan (God save the queen?), is bending backwards for one, 85 year old, bomb planting, pro-communist black.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?p=1690085 (1186 words)

	An A-Z of African Studies on the Internet nr2
		Jenny de Reuck and John de Reuck, 'The referendum in South Africa: a triumph of the spirit?' SPAN 33 (1992)
		National Statistics Institute Instituto Nacional de Estat�stica http://www.ine.gov.mz/
		Tostan "Tostan, which means "breakthrough" in the language of the Wolof of Senegal and the Gambia, is a non-profit and non-governmental organization incorporated in the United States in 1991 and based in Thi�s, Senegal.
	www.lib.msu.edu /limb/a-z/az_nr2.html (1186 words)

	Kyrgyzstan: A tarnished human rights record
		Similarly, the South African Constitutional Court, whose judges were appointed by President Nelson Mandela, in a ruling in June 1995 ( State v.
		Kyrgyzstan was admitted to the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE), later restyled the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), at the end of January 1992, and to the United Nations on 2 March.
		This followed his re-election to the office of President of the Kyrgyz Republic in December 1995, and a national referendum in February 1996 on constitutional changes which greatly increased his powers as President.
	www.amnestyusa.org /abolish/document.do?id=6D398B223A7E0F308025690000692D67 (1186 words)

	Between Acknowledgement and Ignorance: How white South Africans have dealt with the apartheid past - Chapter 3 - Gunnar Theissen
		There was no broad rejection of the party responsible for the implementation and the so-called reform of apartheid, which took the form of an ostensible expansion of democracy through a highly undemocratic tri-cameral system for whites, coloureds and indians, while outright political discrimination against black South Africans continued.
		Those parties opposing apartheid and its so-called 'reform', the liberal Progressive Federal Party (PFP) and its successor, the Democratic Party (DP), enjoyed a maximum support of only 20% of the white South African electorate during the 1980s.
		In 1989, it repeated its success with 31% of the votes, mobilising the same percentage of white voters in the 1992 referendum with its "No" campaign against a negotiated settlement with the ANC.
	www.csvr.org.za /papers/papgt3.htm (3119 words)

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