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Topic: South Kivu

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Political divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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		A Barega chiefdom in the Mwenga District of the South Kivu Province...
		: A Bashi chiefdom in the Mwenga District of the Province of South Kivu...
		: A Bafulero chiefdom in the Uvira District of the Province of South Kivu...
	www.almanach.be /search/c (2745 words)

	Mai-Mai - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the Mai Mai, either as a group or as individual groups, were not party to the 1999 Lusaka Accord meant to end the war, they remained one of the most powerful forces in the conflict and the lack of cooperation from some groups has been problematic for the peace process.
		The majority of Mai Mai are active in the eastern provinces of North Kivu and South Kivu, which was under the control of the Rwanda-allied rebel Rally for Congolese Democracy-Goma (RCD-Goma).
		In South Kivu, there have historically been concentrations around Walungu and Bunyakiri south of Lake Kivu, around Uvira and Mwenaga at the northern end of Lake Tanganyika, further south around Fizi, and around Shabunda, between the Rwandan border and Kindu.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mai-Mai (508 words)

	Congolese flashpoint, by Kendal Nezan
		The provinces of North Kivu and South Kivu, bordering onto Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, are part of the East African cultural and economic region and have always felt isolated from Kinshasa, both geographically and psychologically.
		The question of foreign interference raises different issues in South Kivu, where the Burundian guerrillas in the Forces for the Defence of Democracy (FDD) and the Hutu People’s Liberation Party (Palipehutu), although ousted by President Laurent Kabila’s forces in autumn 1996, have returned from exile in Tanzania and resumed operations against President Pierre Buyoya’s regime.
		Kivu, which has not one, but several rival movements, is on the brink of explosion.
	mondediplo.com /1998/07/08kivu?var_recherche=congo (1797 words)

	SudanTribune article : DR Congo: Security concerns in a ’’democracy without democrats’’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Recent incidents in the eastern provinces of North and South Kivu are part of efforts to destabilise the country’s electoral process, said Jean-Marie Kati Kati Muhongya, a civil rights activist and political analyst in Goma, the capital of North Kivu.
		South Kivu alone is 65,000 sq km, the size of the countries of Burundi and Rwanda combined.
		According to Sow, the brigade deployed in South Kivu is in all the "sensitive areas".
	www.sudantribune.com /article.php3?id_article=14584 (3251 words)

	allAfrica.com: Congo-Kinshasa: Rape Victims Hope New Leaders Will Halt Violence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Clearly, she said, the continued presence of armed foreign groups and local militia in South Kivu and in the northeastern district of Ituri in Orientale Province presented major challenges to an elected government.
		However, representatives of civil society organisations in South Kivu said widespread rape became noticeable in the province in 1999 when foreign forces invaded the east of the country.
		"South Kivu Province was the main gateway for those who brought war, which created insecurity and instability in the east," said Denis Buhendwa, a trainer with Groupe Jermie, an association for civic education and the protection of human rights.
	allafrica.com /stories/200608020030.html (862 words)

	drchutu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Kivu province is characterized by mountainous and forested terrain, much of which is inaccessible.
		The Kivus are two of the most densely populated regions in the DRC with over five million inhabitants in 256,662 square kilometers.
		The Hutus of Kivu either are natives of the area, native Rwandans who were brought to Congo by the Belgians in the mid-twentieth century to work the fields; or Rwandan refugees who fled their country after Tutsis reclaimed the country after the genocide in 1994.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/drchutu.html (10375 words)

	South Kivu: New violent raids, Makobola massacre commander killed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Congo DR The armed raids and violence against civilians and religious personnel continues in the South Kivu province (Democratic Republic of Congo).
		Durig the night between Saturday and Sunday the parish of Mubumbano (70km south-west of Bukavu, administrative centre of South Kivu) was attacked for the second time in less than one month.
		South Kivu is controlled by the Congolese Rally for Democracy (RCD-Goma), backed by the Rwandan troops.
	users.skynet.be /wirira/shetania.htm (286 words)

	DRCongo NICS/RNIS Acticles
		Most of the displaced are in the east and south east of the country in the provinces of the Kivus and Katanga.
		The provinces of north and south Kivu, Maniema and Katanga were once fertile agricultural zones that produced agricultural surpluses which were sent to the western regions of the country, particularly to the capital, Kinshasa.
		The majority of this increase is in South Kivu and is a result of fighting between various armed rebel factions over control of strategic towns, particularly along the banks of lake Tanganyika.
	www.unsystem.org /scn/Publications/RNIS/countries/demrepublicofcongo_all.htm (17539 words)

	Congo (Kinshasa): USCR Report, 1
		In South Kivu, they are primarily believed to be in the area of Kahuzi Biega Forest, located north of the Bukavu-Shabunda axis.
		Relief workers in Bukavu, South Kivu fear that elements of the Alliance are using humanitarian aid operations as bait to locate and kill refugees in hiding before they reach Rwanda.
		UNHCR workers in South Kivu report several cases in which soldiers have detained refugees and separated women and children from the men, interrogating and beating the latter and later releasing them for repatriation.
	www.africaaction.org /docs97/uscr9706.1.htm (2284 words)

	afrol News - Congo's South Kivu region "freed from rebels"
		The operation "South Sentinel" was launched by the regular army of Congo Kinshasa (FARDC) on 22 February and backed by hundreds of peacekeepers from the UN mission in Congo (MONUC) with armoured vehicle and helicopter support.
		In a news conference held in Bukavu Saturday, General Maqsood, Commander of the UN's South Kivu brigade praised the "performance, courage and determination" demonstrated by the FARDC since the beginning of the operations, despite the losses suffered when the 'Ekingi' base was taken.
		MONUC further said that while its logistic support to the Congolese army had ended, its South Kivu brigade continued to provide other support to the Congolese forces, including "intensive patrolling in the zone," aimed at preventing Rwandan rebels from resettling and harassing the local population.
	www.afrol.com /articles/18377 (687 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Tutsis in the Dem. Rep. of the Congo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		South Africa had been attempting to mediate between Kabila and Mobutu, but after several attempts, it was clear that Kabila held the upper hand and Mobutu had no leverage over the take-over of his country.
		It also reported that arbitrary arrests are high, that the national police and army have virtually no limits in their authority, that more journalists and human rights activists have been jailed than in seven years under Mobutu, and that there is little due process of law.
		The Banyamulenge in South Kivu were reportedly retreating to the hills.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=49010 (8133 words)

	Christian Aid partner organisations working in South Kivu
		The South Kivu province shares its border with Rwanda and Burundi and has a predominantly rural population of about 3,500,000 with around 500,000 people living in the capital Bukavu.
		Agriculture is the mainstay of the South Kivu economy, and inappropriate methods of cultivation have, over time, led to erosion and deforestation.
		The coming to power of the armed opposition movement, the Congolese Rally for Democracy (RCD) in the eastern provinces, including South Kivu, has led to local conflict and the pillaging of villages, leading to the current cycle of displacement/return/displacement.
	www.christian-aid.org.uk /goma/partners.htm (648 words)

	Checklist of the birds of eastern Congo
		AYRES'S HAWK-EAGLE Hieraaetus ayresii - Uncommon, south Lake Edward and the Semliki valley, to the Ituri Forest, Uele and the Sudan border.
		and the Kivu highlands to the Ruwenzori Mtn.
		Kamituga to west of the Kivu highlands, Epulu, Kisangani and the Sudan border.
	www.tommy777.addr.com /Eastcongo-list.htm (9338 words)

	monuc.org: Military Brief ? South Kivu ::: 17/04/2006
		The security situation in the South Kivu Brigade area of responsibility remained calm.
		To retake the lost areas, “Operation South Sustain”, a joint operation of MONUC forces (Pakistani Contingent and Indian Aviation Contingent) with FARDC aimed at recapturing Ekingi, Manga and Chibirero, was launched on 31 March.
		Operation “South Safe Guard” was conducted at all major towns of the South Kivu Province.
	www.monuc.org /News.aspx?newsID=10818 (551 words)

	Zaire: IRIN Update on South Kivu, 10/26/96
		1.1 The conflict in South Kivu is reaching a peak as the provincial capital, Bukavu, is squeezed by military advances from the south and land routes for aid and trade are blocked.
		In the whole of South Kivu, a current "guesstimate" of the numbers suggests 15,000 displaced in Fizi Zone, south of Uvira, 30,000 between Uvira and Bukavu and 10,000 in the environs of Bukavu.
		However, the supply of the current caseload in South Kivu with a general raytion would be prohibitively expensive.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Hornet/irin_102696.html (2551 words)

	JRS Dispatches: Latest
		Despite recent peace agreements, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo, is sinking back into war and chaos, JRS-Grands Lacs announced in a statement dated 22 April.
		The agreements of Sun City (South Africa) signed on April 2nd, 2003 opened up a scenario of hope for the pacification of the province of South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
		South Kivu has become a lawless area where various armed groups can carry out acts of violence with total impunity.
	www.jesref.org /old/dispatch/enlatest.htm (3326 words)

	Youth and conflict in Kivu: Komona clair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		First, the political economy of social fragmentation in Kivu is the outcome of a long historic process, in which internal and external elements became intertwined to produce a qualitatively different economic use of the available space and the mobility of labour within it.
		In some places in Kivu, the conditions underlying the political economy of the colonial and post-colonial era came together in what was to become one of the triggers of the current conflict, when certain Banyarwanda became Mobutu’s closest allies in the seventies.
		, in the Kivu provinces this was 49%[9].
	www.jha.ac /greatlakes/b004.htm (13015 words)

	Kabila Returns, in a Cloud of Uncertainty.
		Tutsi of South Kivu, the so-called Banyamulenge, staged an uprising in the summer of 1996, with the support of the Rwanda government.
		Bizima, a Tutsi from South Kivu with a medical degree from South Africa, is Kabila's Foreign Minister and a spokesman for the new regime.
		The forging of a coalition of Tutsi of South Kivu (so-called "Banyamulenge"), North Kivu, Rwanda and to a lesser extent Burundi is due in large measure to Mobutu's promotion of ethnic rivalries and to anti-Rwandan measures adopted at the National Conference.
	www.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v1/3/3.htm (6889 words)

	Eastern Congo Ravaged - Civil Society Under Attack
		Since taking power in North and South Kivu, the RCD authorities have distrusted and sought to limit the many and lively actors of eastern Congolese civil society.
		The governor of South Kivu and the head of the Department of Territorial Administration, Joseph Mudumbi, also accused Groupe Jeremie on the radio of producing subversive pamphlets.
		Political officials such as the governor of South Kivu and Commandant Ondekane have publicly accused clergy of inciting ethnic hatred and of colluding with the Kabila regime and armed opposition groups.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2000/drc/Drc005-05.htm (6425 words)

	Democratic Republic of Congo: North-Kivu: Civilians pay the price for political and military rivalry - Amnesty ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Their presence in the Kivu provinces has also led to the impoverishment of the civilian population in the areas in which they operate, through pillage and the extortion.
		The influx had a profoundly destabilizing effect on the region: much of the Hunde population was displaced and almost all the Tutsi population was forced to flee to Rwanda by violence perpetrated by elements among the Rwandan Hutu refugee and the Congolese Hutu populations.
		In the Kivu provinces MONUC acts under a Chapter VII mandate of the UN Charter, which authorises it to use armed force to protect civilians.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGAFR620132005?open&of=ENG-COD (18646 words)

	Patterns of State Collapse and Reconstruction in Central Africa: Reflections on the Crisis in the Great Lakes
		Built around a hard-core faction of ethnic Tutsi from North and South Kivu (the so-called Banyamulenge) and with the backing of APR units, Kabila's AFDL emerged as the spearhead of a local rebellion which quickly snowballed into a mass movement.
		If anything, the striking policy inconsistencies surrounding the nationality question in the Kivu are better seen as the symptom rather than the cause of the incoherence of the Mobutist state.
		If the situation in the Kivus is any index, many are the civil society organizations (CSO) that could have provided the social ballast needed to reconstruct the new polity, but so far their place in the new dispensation appears extremely nebulous.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v1/3/2.htm (8159 words)

	monuc.org: SOUTH KIVU: Rwandan Rebels Attack ::: 04/11/2005
		Two civilians were killed and another 11 kidnapped by a group of Rwandan rebels ?interahamwe?, who have launched an assault against of the village of Chikumbushi, in the zone of Nindja (South Kivu).
		The attack of the ?interhamwe?, Rwandan militia accused of being involved in the 1994 genocide and one the remaining active rebel groups in eastern Congo, took place in the night between October 31st and November 1st.
		The episode is the latest in a long lasting violence that occurs frequently in the area of Nindja and South Kivu in general.
	www.monuc.org /news.aspx?newsID=8926 (151 words)

	JRS Declaraciones - Grandes Lagos 22-04-2003
		The agreements of Sun City (South Africa) signed on April 2nd, 2003 by the RCD Goma (Congolese Rally for Democracy) among others opened up a scenario of hope for the pacification of the province of South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
		A spiral of violence and a culture of anarchy has taken root in the region at the expense of the local population of the South Kivu and the East of the DR Congo.
		Beyond some massacres, like the one of Kiliba (South Kivu) commune located in the plain of the Rusizi, on December 07, 2002, many daily exactions stay hidden: murders, rapes, taking of hostages, arbitrary detentions, detentions in private jails, acts of torture or humiliation, and lootings.
	www.jesref.org /statement/stat.php?lang=es&statId=cd030422en (759 words)

	Zaire: Hidden from scrutiny: human rights abuses in eastern Zaire
		The chief of the Bavira tribe, Lenge Rugaza Kabali, was alleged to have been summarily executed by Babembe "combatants" at the village of Lusenda, accused of collaborating with the Tutsi-led armed group.
		As the long column of people fleeing Uvira progressed on the road towards the south, they were being followed by AFDL fighters.
		According to eye-witnesses, François Nkurikiye was killed on 16 November in Rusambo, south of Uvira.
	www.amnestyusa.org /regions/africa/document.do?id=7C5D1F409AFFBED0802569000068A274 (4050 words)

	The EastAfrican on the Web
		Most of the positions allegedly targeted are in northern and southern Kivu, which are affected by the rebellion that started in 1996, with the overthrow of president Mobutu.
		The city is the capital of South Kivu Province.
		The peace process, agreed upon in Sun City, South Africa, between the Kinshasa government and rebels is still fragile, and tension prompted by the imminent take over of Goma could spark of fresh fighting.
	www.nationmedia.com /eastafrican/16082004/Regional/Regional7.html (670 words)

	Zaire: Lawlessness and insecurity in North and South-Kivu
		There are many grounds to believe that the current political and ethnic conflict in Kivu is related to next years elections, as political leaders position themselves for political advantages over their rivals.
		Some international aid agencies and civilians in North-Kivu claim that the presence of some 800,000 Rwandese refugees in the area has exacerbated the conflict and human rights abuses, because of alleged collaboration between Zairian and Rwandese Hutu and the fact that the refugee presence has led to further deployment of troops to the region.
		South Kivu's capital, Bukavu, has been home to a flourishing civil society movement since 1990 when President Mobutu announced political reforms.
	www.amnestyusa.org /regions/africa/document.do?id=BCD6A84D7F124F81802569000068A2F4 (9937 words)

	news - South Kivu sees high tide of Congolese returnees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Such is the lure of home for Congolese refugees like 40-year-old Mbeleci that they brave any hardships to trek from refugee camps in western Tanzania to their home villages in the long-time war zone of South Kivu in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
		The 213 returnees who did get on the five trucks were greeted by singing, dancing, shouts of "hallelujah" and fervent hugs by startled friends and relatives along the route who had no warning they were about to meet loved ones they last saw perhaps nine years ago.
		Unlike some countries where residents are reluctant to receive returnees, in South Kivu the reception was ecstatic.
	www.noticias.info /asp/aspComunicados.asp?nid=86690 (1199 words)

	Refugees International: Articles: Democratic Republic of Congo: Reintegration Programs Required in South Kivu
		Refugees and internally displaced people are returning home in South Kivu Province of the Congo, but face enormous difficulties: basic assistance and services in their communities are minimal or nonexistent.
		The southern part of South Kivu, like other parts of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), was engulfed in the 1998 - 2002 conflict.
		The problem is compounded by the fact that attention in South Kivu focuses on the northern area around Bukavu, the provincial capital and the setting for serious threats to peace and stability in the area, allowing problems in the south to fester.
	www.refugeesinternational.org /content/article/detail/8504 (1352 words)

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