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	Yosuke Matsuoka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Matsuoka gained international notoriety in 1933 when he announced Japan's departure from the League of Nations after the League’s criticism of Japan's operations in Manchuria, and led the Japanese delegation out of the League's assembly hall.
		After leaving the foreign service, Matsuoka went to occupied Manchukuo and became President of the South Manchurian Railroad, at which time he worked closely with Hideki Tojo (then serving as chief of the Kwantung Army's secret police).
		Matsuoka became a fervent supporter of the idea of a Japanese attack on Russian lands, and constantly pressured Konoe and the leaders of the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy to mobilize the military for that purpose.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yosuke_Matsuoka (793 words)

	South Manchurian Railway - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The prosperity of Manchuria is in large part attributable to the linking by the railroad of the coastal ports and the hinterland.
		The South Manchurian Railway Company, formerly the largest economic enterprise in Manchuria and the main agency of Japanese penetration, was organized shortly after the Russo-Japanese War.
		When the Manchurian warlord Chang Hsüeh-liang refused to halt construction of a competing Chinese railway network, the Japanese Kwantung army staged the Manchurian Incident (1931) and set up the state of Manchukuo (1932).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-sthm1an.html (335 words)

	MONOGRAPH 144-CHAPTER I
		Between 1928 and the outbreak of the Manchurian Incident, there occurred more than 120 cases of infringement of rights and interests, interference with business, boycott of Japanese goods, unreasonable taxation, detention of individuals, confiscation of properties, eviction, demand for cessation of business, assault and battery, and the oppression of Korean residents.
		Thus, when speaking of the true causes of the Manchurian Incident, one cannot simply ascribe it to an expansionist policy on the part of Japan.
		Since a description of the Manchurian Incident is given to clarify its significance as a cause of the Pacific War, a chronological table of events is set forth below instead of a detailed description of the Incident itself.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/monos/144/144chap1.html (1425 words)

	All Shop's railroad* : Collect at Curioshop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Issued to the wealthy Rothschild family (L E Rothschild & Co) This company's railroad was built for The New York Chicago and St Louis Railway Company, a consolidated company organized under the laws of the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and composed and composed of constituent companies in several states.
		The Broadway Surface Railroad was operated by the Broadway and Seventh Avenue...
		VF condition The South Manchurian railway was the precursor to the formation of the puppet state of Manchukuo in 1931 as Japan tried to monopolize the interest in Manchuria through the South Manchurian railway.
	www.rubylane.com /shops/curioshop/ilist?ss=railroad*&samedb=1&previd=2.30.3.1&sb=Search (1026 words)

	Combined Arms Research Library
		IJA operations hinged on railroads as conventional IJA thought held that multidivision operations could not be conducted outside of a 200- to 250-kilometer zone from a major resupply base situated on a rail line.
		From the south, the sixtyfive kilometer road running from the railhead at Handagai to Chiangchunmiao became a bog in late June with the onset of the rainy season.
		Hill 742 was the linchpin of the Japanese defenses south of the Holston River.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/drea2/drea2.asp (18184 words)

	Dollar Diplomacy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ignoring Roosevelt's tacit 1905 agreement with Japan to limit U.S. involvement in Manchuria, the new administration succumbed to the persuasive powers of U.S. bankers and began to move aggressively to increase U.S. economic influence in the region.
		When British, French, and German bankers formed a consortium to finance a vast system of railroads in China, Knox became convinced in 1910 that the United States' free access to trade there was threatened by European financing of the new Hukuang Railroad.
		Knox was also concerned about Russian and Japanese railroad activities in Manchuria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dollar_diplomacy (777 words)

	HyperWar: International Military Tribunal for the Far East [Chapter 5] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Through the South Manchurian Railway, she administered the railway areas, including several towns and large sections of such populous cities as Mukden and Changchun; and in these areas she controlled the police, taxation, education, and public utilities.
		There was a demand for the recovery of the South Manchurian Railway and, in general, for the limitation of the Japanese influence in Manchuria.
		The Chinese proposal to construct a railroad parallel to the South Manchurian Railroad, the claim that there was illegal taxation of Japanese in Manchuria, the claim of oppression of Koreans, and the denial of the right of Japanese subjects to lease land in Manchuria, were all "Manchurian Problems" according to the Japanese agitators.
	ftp.ggi-project.org /hyperwar/PTO/IMTFE/IMTFE-5.html (18104 words)

	JANM/INRP-Historical Overview
		-The Society of Manchurian Emigration (Manshu Imin Kyokai) and the Manchurian Colonization Company (Manshu Takushoku Kabushiki Gaisha) are set up in the capitals of Japan and "Manchukuo" for the purpose of facilitating the migration of Japanese colonialists there.
		The first group of 54 Japanese leaves for the South American country, marking the beginning of postwar Japanese immigration to South America.
		News of their miserable living conditions in the host country, in combination with the general growth of Japanese economy, prompt the end of mass Japanese immigration to South America.
	www.janm.org /projects/inrp/english/overview.htm (2329 words)

	TIME.com: A Distant Mirror -- Sep. 4, 1989 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		After all, the South Manchurian Railroad was Japanese-owned and linked the empire's economic outposts in predominantly Chinese Manchuria.
		At approximately 10:20 p.m., a plunger was depressed and the cache detonated.
		Overtaken by events and well aware that the Manchurian offensive had won acclaim for the militarist factions in Tokyo, the Japanese government caved in to the army's visions of manifest destiny -- and to its foolhardy insistence on heeding the lessons of World War I at any cost.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,958535,00.html (698 words)

	How London, Wall Street Backed Japan's War Against China and Sun Yat Sen
		But he was leading a government in the south of China at the end of World War I, in opposition to both the regime in Peking, and the various warlord-led autonomous governments (which had Western backing) in much of the rest of the country.
		These conditions included China's acceptance of international control over the country's railroads; the use of the tobacco and wine monopoly revenues to secure any loans (virtually every other income stream was already tied to British loans); and full payment on the German portion of the 1911 railroad bonds from the first Consortium.
		In particular, the Manchurian warlord/governor Chang Tso-lin—and his son Chang Hsueh-liang, who became governor after the Japanese assassination of his father in 1927—worked with the Peking government to construct Chinese-owned rail lines in Manchuria, so as not to be dependent on Japan's South Manchurian Railroad for economic or military transport.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/2004/3123morgan_v_dr_sun.html (5631 words)

	Manchuria Development in the 1900s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The map shows how the new lines, especially the Chinese Eastern Railroad built by the Russians and the South Manchurian Railroad built by the Japanese cut across the heart of the new farmlands.
		From 1931 to 1945 Japan occupied all of Manchuria and engineered revolutions in infrastructure, industry, and urban growth that were unequaled in speed for that era.
		However, the issue had been decided by the enormous influx of Han settlers that had taken place during the first thirty years of the 1900s.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/History/history-Manchuria.html (174 words)

	The Manchurian Crisis
		The Japanese controlled the South Manchurian Railroad, had soldiers in place to patrol its tracks and had established a large community of business people on Chinese soil.
		In September 1931, an explosion damaged a section of the South Manchurian Railroad track — an event sometimes labeled the Mukden Incident.
		In October, the United States broke with recent policy and accepted an invitation from the League of Nations to sit with the Council in its deliberations on the evolving Manchurian crisis.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1499.html (1098 words)

	The Historic Era of "Blue Sky Red Tears"
		Chiefly through the South Manchurian Railroad, Japan developed the region's economy.
		1928 Jun 3, Manchurian warlord Chian Tso-Lin died as a result of a bomb blast set off by the Japanese, who were planning to invade and claim Manchuria.
		It involved an explosion along the Japanese-controlled South Manchurian Railway.
	www.digitalku.com /publish/blueskyredtears/history.htm (613 words)

	Covering the Map of the World -- The Half-Century Legacy of the Yalta Conference, Part 6
		The American issue and the question of the advance to the south are far more important [to the Japanese] than the Northern problem [the Soviet Union].
		But even as the American aid was beginning to flow into the Soviet Union to bolster the Red Army in the face of the German attack, Stalin kept this information from his most reliable spy to himself.
		In China, he wanted Soviet leases of both Dairen and Port Arthur as well as control of the Manchurian railroads running from the Soviet border to these ports in southern Manchuria.
	www.fff.org /freedom/0895b.asp (1958 words)

	HarpWeek: Cartoon of the Day
		Although other factors were involved, including Japan dropping its demand for indemnity, the president's intervention was instrumental in resolving the deadlock.
		The talks ended on August 29 and a treaty was signed on September 5, 1905, in which Japan kept Port Arthur and the South Manchurian Railroad, and gained hegemony over Korea, but returned the northern half of Sakhalin Island to Russia.
		The terms of the treaty, though, led to riots in Tokyo and helped provoke the Russian revolt of 1905 after which Tsar Nicholas signed a constitutional charter.
	www.harpweek.com /09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=June&Date=24 (921 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Southern Mongolians and Manchurians
		Nurhaci was the founder of Aisin Gurun(Manchu empire in Manchurian), his son Hong Taiji begun to conquer China and named his empire Amba Daicing Gurun(Great Qing empire in Manchurian), but he didn't achieve it.
		The Mongolian participation in the Soviet Manchurian Offensive of 1945 was IMO rather a political act than a military endevaour.
		© The Chinese-Eastern Railroad and the South Manchurian Railroad, which provide an outlet to Dairen, shall be jointly operated by the establishment of a joint Soviet-Chinese company, it being understood that the pre-eminent interests of the Soviet Union shall be safeguarded and that China shall retain sovereignty in Manchuria;
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=5228&PN=1 (2541 words)

	Kakuei Tanaka - a political biography of modern Japan:
		They staged an explosion of the South Manchurian Railroad in Mukden and blamed Chinese troops for the act.
		This event, known as the Manchurian Incident, was quickly followed by conquest of southern Manchuria and by what the military labeled as self-defense raids on Chinese bandits.
		The stage for an internal showdown with Democracy and an external showdown with the Chinese Army was set.
	www.rcrinc.com /tanaka/ch1-3.html (7589 words)

	RESISTANCE WARS -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		However, the Morgan House claimed to the US government that "the Chinese had broken agreements by building competing railroads, in 'deliberate economic wastage in duplicating existing facilities'; and China was 'withholding payment on any Japanese bonds' and using the money for the competing railroad...
		From 1931 onward, 33 million Manchurian Chinese were to suffer 14 year long cruel colonialist ruling in the hands of Japanese.
		Thereafter, Hu Zongnan's 1st Division was rerouted to the south for countering Canton rebellion.
	www.republicanchina.org /war.html (12220 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Japan News and Japanese Business and Economy
		Chief, Manchurian secret police, 1935; councillor, Manchurian Affairs Bureau, 1936; chief of staff, Kwantung Army, 1937-38; vice minister of war, 1938; minister of war 1940-44; premier, 1941-44.
		Tojo assumed full responsibility for all the actions of his government and the military during the war.
		After leaving the foreign service, he became president of the South Manchurian Railroad, at which time he worked closely with Hideki Tojo, who was then serving as chief of the Kwantung Army's secret police.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Japan/GI08Dh02.html (1086 words)

	Japan's Economic Expansion into Manchuria and China in World War Two
		This forced the Manchurian warlord Chang Tso-lin to deny Japan's request to build five more railroads in North China.
		The Russo-Japanese War left Japan in control of the South Manchurian Railroad and the Liaotung Peninsula.
		Japan was able to invest in railroads, highways, hydro-electric plants and improve the area's harbours and navigable rivers.
	www.historyorb.com /asia/japan_economic_expansion.shtml (1166 words)

	Cold War Articles
		In New Suburbia there is often no railroad station, so the fathers drive to work in their own cars or by "car pool." The mothers remain--with the house and yard and children.
		A need for the utmost secrecy was the excuse given for not then notifying China, an ally of the United States, that its rights were being bartered away in Outer Mongolia and in Manchuria (the Manchurian railroads and the ports of Dairen and Port Arthur).
		But South Korea is cut right across by this line--north of it are the Communists, with access to the mainland--and Russia is over there on the mainland.
	garyrutledge.com /AmHistory/hist_articles/cold_war_articles.htm (18807 words)

	South Manchurian Railway
		South Manchurian Railway, Japanese-developed enterprise, with a trackage of 701 mi (1128 km).
		More on South Manchurian Railway from Fact Monster:
		Manchurian Incident - Manchurian Incident or Mukden Incident,1931, confrontation that gave Japan the impetus to set up a...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0846087.html (235 words)

	Mukden Incident
		The railroad was owned and operated by an arm of the Japanese government and its tracks were patrolled by Japanese soldiers.
		In the United States, Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson initially pinned his hopes on the government of Wakatsuki Reijiro, believing that the prime minister would be able to rein in the Japanese military adventurers and bring an end to the crisis.
		However, Wakatsuki’s party was forced from office in December 1931, in the wake of the public’s overwhelming approval of the Manchurian occupation.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1507.html (405 words)

	Search PacificWrecks.com Nations
		Island nation with wartime role and troops that fought in the South Pacific Theater.
		French territory east of Australia, airbases and role in South Pacific theater.
		Island chain in the south Pacific with brief role in Pacific war.
	www.pacificwrecks.com /search/region.html (538 words)

	Shenyang \| Historical Background \| WCities Destination Guide
		Russian influences quickly seeped into Shenyang and helped modernize it by connecting it with the South Manchurian Railroad.
		As the largest railroad hub in northeast China, it continues to enjoy "industrial giant" status.
		Textiles, transformers, chemicals, medicines, tractors, motor vehicles and heavy machinery are all manufactured here, and it also harbors the largest machine-tool plant in all of China.
	www.wcities.com /en/guide/history/679/guide.html (707 words)

	Trial Watch : Search
		He gained international notoriety in 1933 when he announced Japan’s departure from the League of Nations (as a result of the League’s criticism of Japan’s operations in Manchuria) and led the Japanese delegation out of the League’s assembly hall.
		After leaving the Foreign Service, Matsuoka went to occupied Manchuria and became President of the South Manchurian Railroad, at which time he worked closely with Tojo Hideki (then serving as chief of the Kwantung Army’s secret police; see related cases).
		A commanding officer in the Japanese army, he rose to the rank of General in 1933.
	www.trial-ch.org /en/trial-watch/search/context/10.html (717 words)

	The Emergence of Japan as a Western Text, 4
		China capitulated in March 1895 and in the Treaty of Shimonoseki ceded to Japan the Liaotung Peninsula, Taiwan, and the Pescadores, along with most-favoured-nation status, four treaty ports, and an indemnity twelvefold the Japanese military budget of 1894.
		In practical terms this sanctioned an aggressive Japanese stance toward Russia, which was allied with France, entrenched in Manchuria, and a challenge to Japanese hegemony in Korea, and after a series of unsuccessful negotiations war came suddenly on 8 February 1904 with the surprise Japanese attack on the Russian fleet at Port Arthur, Liaotung.
		By the end of the war, marked by the Treaty of Portsmouth the following September, losses on both sides had been horrific, but the Russians were out of southern Manchuria and the Japanese had won Liaotung, the South Manchurian Railroad, half of Sakhalin, and in the West a mixture of admiration, loathing, and fear.
	www.themargins.net /bib/front/intro4.htm (2070 words)

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