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	Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an alliance organized on September 8, 1954 by representatives of Australia, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and the United States.
		Established under Western auspices after the French withdrawal from Indochina, SEATO was created to oppose further Communist gains in Southeast Asia.
		The treaty was supplemented by a Pacific Charter, affirming the rights of Asian and Pacific peoples to equality and self-determination and setting forth goals of economic, social, and cultural cooperation between the member countries.
	www.abacci.com /wikipedia/topic.aspx?cur_title=Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization (231 words)

	AllRefer.com - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (International Organizations) - Encyclopedia
		Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), alliance organized (1954) under the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty by representatives of Australia, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and the United States.
		Established under Western auspices after the French withdrawal from Indochina, SEATO was created to oppose further Communist gains in Southeast Asia.
		The treaty was supplemented by a Pacific Charter, affirming the rights of Asian and Pacific peoples to equality and self-determination and setting forth goals of economic, social, and cultural cooperation between the member countries.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SthEATO.html (291 words)

	Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Southeast Asia Collective Defense ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Collective military defence system 1954–77 established by Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, the UK, and the USA to protect Southeast Asia from the spread of communism.
		SEATO was created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defence Treaty, signed in 1954 in Manila, the Philippines, in response to the defeat of France by communist forces in Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos).
		Under the terms of the treaty, the countries agreed to defend each other against both outside and civil aggression.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Southeast+Asia+Collective+Defense+Treaty (230 words)

	The Avalon Project : The Tonkin Gulf Incident; 1964
		They were further defined in the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty approved by the Senate in February 1955.
		This treaty with its accompanying protocol obligates the United States and other members to act in accordance with their constitutional processes to meet Communist aggression against any of the parties or protocol states.
		The issue is the future of southeast Asia as a whole.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/tonkin-g.htm (668 words)

	lawyer Southeast_Asia_Collective_Defense_Treaty - lawyer-report.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty or the Manila Pact, was an international organization for collective defense established on September 8, 1954.
		SEATO was designed to be a Southeast Asian version of NATO, in which the military forces of each member would be coordinated to provide for the collective security for the members.
		Despite being intended to provide a collective, anti-communist shield to Southeast Asia, SEATO unable to intervene in the conflicts in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam because an intervention required a decision of unanimity, which was never reached; France and the Philippines objected.
	www.lawyer-report.com /Southeast_Asia_Collective_Defense_Treaty (518 words)

	EISIL - Electronic Information System for International Law - Collective Security
		The parties to the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance agree that an armed attack on any American State is considered an armed attack against all American States, and the parties will assist in meeting the attack according to the right to individual or collective self-defense.
		This treaty provides for consultation among the Parties in the event of a threat to the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the Parties in the Pacific.
		The Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty was the basis for the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), which existed until 1977.
	www.eisil.org /index.php?sid=297648529&cat=78&start=0&t=sub_pages&flag_doc= (749 words)

	info: Southeast_Asia_Collective_Defense_Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Viet Nam WarsThe Parties to the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty unanimously designate for the purposes of Article IV of the Treaty the States of Cambodia and Laos and the free territory under the...
		PBSThey were further defined in the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty approved by the Senate in February 1955.
		SEATO Protocol The Parties to the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty unanimously designate for the purposes of Article IV of the Treaty the States of Cambodia and Laos and the free territory under the...
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Southeast_Asia_Collective_Defense_Treaty.html (352 words)

	Search Results for "Southeast Asia Treaty Organization"
		Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, (SEATO), alliance organized (1954) under the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty by representatives of Australia, France,...
		...the Central Treaty Organization in the Middle East (See 1959, March 24) and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (See Sept. 8) as a part of its broad policy of...
		...Defense treaties were signed with South Korea (1953) and Taiwan (1954), and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization was formed in 1954 to halt Communist expansion...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Southeast+Asia+Treaty+Organization (254 words)

	collective defence
		Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty (Manila Pact); September 8, 1954(1).
		Collective defence Collective defence is the term used to describe Europe\'s participation in defence under the Treaties of Brussels...
		COLLECTIVE DEFENCE IN SOUTH EAST ASIA: The Manila Treaty and its Implications Southeast Asia Royal Institute Of International Affairs Southeast Asia...
	www.jointctr.org /?Category=collective+defence (609 words)

	Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty [SEATO], and Protocol [1955] ATS 3
		Article VI This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of any of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security.
		The Treaty shall enter into force between the States which have ratified it as soon as the instruments of ratification of a majority of the signatories shall have been deposited,[2] and shall come into effect with respect to each other State on the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification.
		Article XI The English text of this Treaty is binding on the Parties, but when the Parties have agreed to the French text thereof and have so notified the Government of the Republic of the Philippines, the French text shall be equally authentic and binding on the Parties.
	www.austlii.edu.au /au/other/dfat/treaties/1955/3.html (1080 words)

	Appendix 17
		The power of the United States Government to act under this treaty remains precisely as it is defined in the Constitution, without impairing either the right of the Congress to declare war, or the authority of the President to act as Commander in Chief and as director of this Nation's foreign relations.
		At the Cairo Conference in 1943, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek agreed that Formosa and the Pescadores "shall be restored to the Republic of China." At the Potsdam Conference this decision was confirmed in the proclamation defining the terms for Japanese surrender, July 26, 1945.
		Although the Republic of China was not a signatory to the treaty it and the parties at the conference expressly recognized that it did not dispose finally of Formosa and the Pescadores.
	cns.miis.edu /straittalk/Appendix%2017.htm (1421 words)

	Southeast Asia Treaty Organization Summary
		Like the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Southeast Asian alliance was intended to prevent the spread of Communism; but, unlike the NATO pact, the SEATO agreement did not obligate one member to assist another against a military threat.
		With the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam and the Communist victories throughout the region in 1975, SEATO became an anachronism and was disbanded on 30 June 1977.
		The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), also known as the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty or the Manila Pact, was an international organization for defensive collaboration established on September 8, 1954.
	www.bookrags.com /Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization (527 words)

	Risoluzione di Tonkino: la guerra in Vietnam :: Studi per la pace
		This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of any of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security.
		This Treaty shall remain in force indefinitely, but any Party may cease to be a Party one year after its notice of denunciation has been given to the Government of the Republic of the Philippines, which shall inform the Governments of the other Parties of the deposit of each notice of denunciation.
		The Parties to the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty unanimously designate for the purposes of Article IV of the Treaty the States of Cambodia and Laos and the free territory under the jurisdiction of the State of Vietnam.
	www.studiperlapace.it /view_news_html?news_id=20051119132523 (2444 words)

	Why Asia Is not Ready, for Arms Control
		Apart from the possible arms control in Korea, Washington's priority in Asia should not be arms control but to keep the peace that has enabled Asia to prosper and to move towards democracy; and to create a market for American goods and a source of supply for American business and commerce.
		Asia, for in- stance, has no equivalent to NATO, in part because there is no Asian consensus on what constitutes the major threats in Asia.
		Thus this treaty could be violated by countries that do not observe treaties as scrupulously as does the U.S. Signing the protocols also would en- courage the creation of other nuclear free zones that would restrict U.S. military deterrent capability in regions more critical to U.S. security like Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia.
	www.heritage.org /Research/AsiaandthePacific/asb113.cfm (5673 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Thailand, since 1945 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Thailand, however, was affected by the Chinese Civil War (1948/1949), the Vietnamese War of Independence against the French (-1954), the subsequent Vietnam War (-1975), the political disturbances in Burma/Myanmar, the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia in 1979.
		Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty (Manila Pact), September 8, 1954; Statement of Hon.
		John Foster Dulles on the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty and U.S. foreign policy in Asia, September 8, 1954.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/seasia/thaisince1945.html (794 words)

	Australia (02/07)
		The treaty bound the signatories to recognize that an armed attack in the Pacific area on any of them would endanger the peace and safety of the others.
		The United States suspended defense obligations to New Zealand, and annual bilateral meetings between the U.S. Secretary of State and the Australian Foreign Minister replaced annual meetings of the ANZUS Council of Foreign Ministers.
		Defense ministers of one or both nations have joined the annual ministerial meetings, which are supplemented by consultations between the U.S. Combatant Commander, Pacific and the Australian Chief of Defense Force.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/index.cfm?docid=2698 (4440 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The purpose of the mission was to obtain information about the North Vietnamese coastal defense forces.
		Lyndon Johnson, who was running for reelection that year, launched retaliatory strikes and went on national television on August 4.
		Although the Maddox had been involved in providing support for South Vietnamese attacks at Hon Me and Hon Ngu, Johnson's Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara, went before Congress and denied that the United States Navy was supporting South Vietnames military operations.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/gu/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution (577 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus \| Remaking Policy in Asia? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Asia is arguably the region that has been most dramatically affected by the shift in U.S. policy since the attacks of September 11.
		The second phase was marked by two events: the identification of the “axis of evil” in the State of the Union address and the launch of the so-called “second front” in the war on terrorism in Southeast Asia more broadly.
		Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia James Kelley traveled to North Korea in early October and at that meeting confronted North Korean officials with evidence that it has engaged in a secret nuclear weapons program since 1997 in violation of the Agreed Framework, a charge that North Korean officials acknowledged to be true.
	www.fpif.org /fpiftxt/2774 (2878 words)

	SICHERHEIT: Global and Regional Security at the Beginning of the 21. Century - Nachrichten und Analysen auf ZEIT online ...
		The Treaty created possibility for predictability in nuclear sphere and progress on the way towards nuclear disarmament not only for the USSR and the USA but also for the whole of the world.
		And the destruction of the AMD Treaty, and we are quite positive about it, will result in annihilation of the whole structure of strategic stability and create prerequisites for a new arms race including the one in the outer space.
		Given the AMD Treaty is maintained, Russia is ready for mutual with USA radical cuts of strategic offensive weapons (SOW) to as low as 1500 units and even lower than this level.
	www.zeit.de /reden/weltpolitik/200107_wehrkunde_iwanow_0203?page=all (4050 words)

	US Bludgeons Nations to Reject War Crimes Court - International Justice - Global Policy Forum
		The United States has used its military clout in Asia to reinforce an extraordinary campaign of sabotage against the world's only permanent war crimes tribunal - Washington says it has no right to try US nationals - but the cost may be scars in bilateral foreign relations in Asia, and elsewhere.
		In May 2002 he reneged on his predecessor's acceptance of the treaty: in effect, the US un-signed former president Bill Clinton's endorsement, while declaring it was no longer bound by the ICC provisions.
		In total, 10 Asian countries signed the ICC treaty when it was inaugurated in 1998 as a permanent tribunal to investigate and prosecute individuals accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide.
	www.globalpolicy.org /intljustice/icc/2004/0316blud.htm (1410 words)

	The Avalon Project : Security Treaty Between the United States, Australia, and New Zealand (ANZUS); September 1, 1951
		In order more effectively to achieve the objective of this Treaty the Parties separately and jointly by means of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack.
		This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security.
		This Treaty in the English language shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of Australia.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/intdip/usmulti/usmu002.htm (669 words)

	AEI - Short Publications
		Having failed to demolish Western defenses by other means, it seems that our enemies are trying to achieve their objective by obscuring the issues, and by boring us into submission.
		In these circumstances, an effective global defense against missile attack must be regarded as a matter of the greatest urgency, not something to be researched at leisure in case the international situation becomes ugly.
		Those in favor of keeping the treaty are apt to describe it as “the cornerstone of our stability.” I think of it in the opposite light: as a major contributor to growing instabilities.
	www.aei.org /publications/filter.all,pubID.7734/pub_detail.asp (3581 words)

	Asia Times: ANALYSIS: Cold War by proxy in the trans-Caucasus
		Azerbaijani authorities said that there are two possible explanations for how this deal took place: either the Chinese government has no control over heavy arms sales or Beijing is violating UN Security Council resolutions, which prohibit the sale of arms to conflict zones.
		At the meeting, Armenian Defense Minister Vazgen Sarikisian denied Azerbaijan's allegation, saying it was ''nonsense.'' Azerbaijan, which had made it clear earlier that it did not plan to extend its membership in the CIS Collective Security Treaty, is not participating in the meeting.
		Earlier this year, three out of the nine original signatories of the 1992 CIS Collective Security Treaty - Georgia, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan - made it clear that they did not intend to continue as members in the alliance.
	www.atimes.com /c-asia/AE22Ag01.html (730 words)

	[No title]
		A group of distinguished men and women of Southeast Asia met in 1994 and again in 1996 to exchange views on the state of Southeast Asian engagement.
		The ASEAN Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia binds the contracting parties to renounce the threat or use of force and prescribes a process for the pacific settlement of disputes.
		The Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zoneis the region's contribution to the global campaign for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction.
	www.aseansec.org /3406.htm (1135 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Japan News - Opportunity for Japan over North Korea
		Even though Japanese nuclear armament is out of the question, the ongoing debate over rewriting Article 9 - the constitutional renunciation of war - indicates a mood among its people favoring the right to collective defense and pushing the country toward becoming, or recapturing, its status as a so-called "normal nation".
		In addition to bolstering defenses, policymakers should also consider how Japan can be more proactive and effective in helping solve the North Korean nuclear crisis and strengthening regional stability by using its soft power.
		Since he has been known for his hawkish inclinations and once stated that Japan's acquisition of a small and defensive nuclear arsenal would not contradict the Japanese constitution, some people may have entertained concerns lest their government would take more provocative stance against North Korea.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Japan/HK02Dh01.html (1395 words)

	Basic Documents
		Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance Between the USSR and North Korea
		Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the USSR
		Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (as amended on 15 December 1987 and on 25 July 1998)
	www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp /~worldjpn/documents/indices/docs/index-ENG.html (593 words)

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