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Topic: Southeast Asian Buddhism

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	Theravada Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		According to Sinhalese tradition, Buddhism was first brought to Sri Lanka by Mahinda, who is believed to have been the son of the Mauryan emperor Asoka, in the third century BCE, as a part of the missionary activities of the Asokan era.
		Nibbana, the highest goal of Theravada Buddhism, is attained through study and the practice of morality, meditation and wisdom (sila, samadhi, panna).
		In many Southeast Asian cultures, it is seen as a means for a young man to 'repay' his parents for their work and effort in raising him, because the merit from his ordination accrues to them as well.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Theravada (3624 words)

	Southeast Asia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Southeast Asian islands are a major source of world petroleum supplies; the region is also a center for logging.
		Southeast Asia has experienced great economic growth since the 1980s; Singapore was one of the four original "East Asian Tigers" and in recent years Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand have often been considered a new brood of "tigers." Tiger refers to the rapid growth of these economies.
		The peoples of Southeast Asia were trained to carry burdens on their heads; it was a common sight to see a child balancing a small object like a bowl on her head, in distinction to her mother or aunt balancing a much larger load.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southeast_Asia (3088 words)

	East Asian Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		East Asian Buddhism is a collective term for the schools of Buddhism that developed in the East Asia n region, most of which are part of the Mahayana transmission.
		Although, strictly speaking, Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia, the character of Vietnamese Buddhism is in many ways closer to that of its northern East Asian relatives, rather than the other Southeast Asia n countries.
		South East Asian Systems Indonesian and South East Asian religious systems from their animistic past through the Indianisation and influence of the Hindu Epics, Buddhism and the advent of Islam.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-East_Asian_Buddhism.html (424 words)

	Theravada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most prominently, the anthropologist Melford Spiro in his work Buddhism and Society separated Burmese Theravada into three groups: apotropaic Buddhism (concerned with providing protection from evil spirits), kammatic Buddhism (concerned with making merit for a future birth), and Nibbanic Buddhism (concerned with attaining the liberation of nibbana, as described in the Tipitaka).
		In many Southeast Asian cultures, it is seen as a means for a young man to 'repay' his parents for their work and effort in raising him, because the merit from his ordination accrues to them as well.
		Even in Southeast Asian countries that encourage temporary ordination, the 'higher' or full ordination as a Theravada bhikkhu is often reserved for those who intend to take the robes permanently.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southeast_Asian_Buddhism (2098 words)

	Southeast Asian Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Berkeley Southeast Asianists Homepage of UC Berkeley graduate student group whose members work in or come from Southeast Asia, or both.
		University of California, Irvine Libraries: Southeast Asian Archive Collects materials relating to the resettlement of Southeast Asian refugees and immigrants, especially in the United States, the boat people and land refugees, and the culture and history of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
		Archaeological Resinous Deposits from Southeast Asian Ceramics Multi-disciplinary research, concentrating on the use of GC and GC-MS to characterise and date plant resins associated with Southeast Asian archaeological ceramics at the University of Bradford, England.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Southeast_Asian_Buddhism.html (433 words)

	South-East Asian Religions
		Buddhism and Hinduism, according to the archaeological finds of the Malayan peninsula, Indonesia and the southern delta regions of Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, made their appearance about the first to third centuries of the Christian millenium.
		However, archaeological finds in Thailand and southern Burma show that Theravada Buddhism was most dominant in the ancient kingdom of Dvaravati up to about the eleventh century when it was overtaken by the Khmer and the Thai.
		Like Buddhism on the mainland, Islam continues to be the dominant religion in the island world although Protestant Christianity is said to account for some 8% of Indonesia's population.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/seasia/geness.html (828 words)

	Buddhism Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Buddhism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings of Gautama Siddhartha (Sanskrit; in Pali, Gotama Siddhattha), lived between approximately 563 and 483 BCE.
		The Mahayana canon further expanded after Buddhism was transmitted to China, where new texts were composed for the purpose of adapting the Indian tradition to the East Asian philosophical mindset.
		While in the West, Buddhism is regarded often as exotic and anti-establishment, in East Asia, Buddhism is regarded as familiar and part of the establishment.
	www.textsheet.com /encyclopedia/b/bu/buddhism_1.html (3008 words)

	Current Situation of Buddhism in the World
		Although Buddhism does not assert God as an individual being and is therefore sometimes characterized as atheistic, it is officially recognized because of its assertion of Adibuddha.
		In Laos, Buddhism is still taught and practiced in a rural setting in the traditional manner, but the monasteries are in poor condition due to the American-Vietnam War.
		Although the Tibetan tradition of Buddhism is followed among the Sherpa people of eastern Nepal and among the Tibetan refugees in the central part of the country, the traditional form of Nepalese Buddhism still exists on a limited level among the Newari people of the Kathmandu Valley.
	www.berzinarchives.com /web/en/archives/approaching_buddhism/world_today/current_sit_buddhism_world.html (4004 words)

	BUDDHISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The prevailing disorders, aggravated by barbarian invasions and the flight of northern Chinese to the south, heightened the attraction of Buddhism with its promise of personal salvation, despite its lack of affinity with the society-oriented thought of the Chinese.
		Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, a prince of the Sakya kingdom on the borders of what are now India and Nepal and a contemporary of Confucius.
		Hinayana remained closer to the original Buddhism and is still the religion of the Southeast Asian countries.
	www.uwec.edu /greider/Chinese.Japan/Chinese.buddhism.htm (1083 words)

	South and Southeast Asian Buddhism
		Buddhism is a universal religion, which has thrived in more than one cultural area.
		The present Treasure Hunt focusses on the Buddhism of South and Southeast Asia.
		It is devotional practice for Buddhists to _____ the galleries and terraces of Borobodur, always turning to the left and keeping the edifice to the right while either chanting or meditating.
	www.kn.att.com /wired/fil/pages/huntsouthasma.html (273 words)

	Buddhism in Myanmar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		There are many instances in the history of Southeast Asian tribes in which a conquering people incorporates into its own traditions not only the civilisation of the conquered, but also their clan gods, royal lineage, and thereby their history.
		This is apparent from bronze statues depicting Bodhisattas and especially the "Lokanatha," a Bodhisatta believed, in Bengal, to reign in the period between the demise of the Buddha Gotama and the advent of the Buddha Metteyya.
		The advent of Theravada Buddhism with its openness and its aim to spread understanding must have been quite revolutionary in Pagan and obviously the people were eager to acquire the knowledge offered to them by the bhikkhus.
	www.accesstoinsight.org /lib/bps/wheels/wheel399.html (21579 words)

	Asian-American Buddhism Bibliography
		Battisti, R. "Preserving the Spiritual and Cultural Heritage of Amerasian and Southeast Asian Families." In Reasons for Living and Hoping: The Spiritual and Psycho-Social Needs of Southeast Asian Refugee Children and Youth Resettled in the United States.
		Campbell, Milo K. "The Influenece of Buddhism on the Transitional Southeast Asian Refugee Student." Religion and Public Education 16/2:279-82.
		Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism and the Soka Gakkai in America: The Ethos of a New Religious Movement.
	www.pluralism.org /resources/biblio/as-am_buddhism.php (3199 words)

	Theravada information - Search.com
		The name of the school means "Teachings of the Elders" which implies that this was the most conservative school of Buddhism, in the sense that it has attempted to conserve the original teachings of the Buddha.
		Theravada is the longest surviving of the twenty schools, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka and continental Southeast Asia (parts of southwest China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand).
		Even in Southeast Asian countries that encourage temporary ordination, the 'higher' or full ordination as a Theravada bhikkhu is often reserved for those who intend to take the robes permanently.
	www.search.com /reference/Theravada (2306 words)

	Health and Health Care of Southeast Asian American
		While Southeast Asian refugees and immigrants have the Vietnam War, refugee experiences and acculturation issues in common, there is wide diversity within and across the ethnic groups that comprise the Southeast Asian population.
		The Southeast Asian elderly appear to be at higher risk of psychological distress than younger Southeast Asians because they have fewer buffers and coping strategies to deal with their distress (Shapiro, et al., 1999; Yee, 1997; Yee and Thu, 1987).
		Southeast Asian families have been influenced by their religious and cultural philosophies, such as Buddhist beliefs surrounding karma and reincarnation with concern for ancestral spirits.
	www.stanford.edu /group/ethnoger/southeastasian.html (10121 words)

	Buddhism
		Buddhism was founded in the fourth or fifth century B.C. in northern India by a man known traditionally as Siddhartha (meaning “he who has reached the goal”) Gautama, the son of a warrior prince.
		This sect is prevalent in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka.
		Buddhism - Buddhism, religion and philosophy founded in India c.525 B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama, called the...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0001470.html (867 words)

	Southeast Asian Buddhism
		Theravada (pronounced -- more or less -- "terraVAHduh"), the "Doctrine of the Elders," is the school of Buddhism that draws its scriptural inspiration from the texts of the Pali Canon, or Tipitaka, which scholars generally accept as containing the earliest surviving record of the Buddha's teachings.
		Many Buddhisms, One Dhamma-vinaya The Buddha called the religion he founded Dhamma-vinaya, "the doctrine and discipline" (or Dhamma [Sanskrit: Dharma], for short).
		Pali: The Language of Theravada Buddhism The language of the Theravada canonical texts is known as Pali (lit., "text"), which is based on a dialect of Middle Indo-Aryan that was probably spoken in central India during the Buddha's time.[5] Most of the sermons (suttas) the Buddha delivered were memorized by Ven.
	knowallabout.com /s/so/southeast_asian_buddhism.html (672 words)

	East Asian Buddhism -- [[Image:Aomori Buddha.jpeg\|thumb\|right\|A statue of Ku... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		[[Image:Aomori Buddha.jpegthumbrightA statue of Kuan Yin Bodhisattva, Aomori, Japan.]] East Asian Buddhism is a collective term for the schools of Buddhism that developed in the East Asian region, most of which are part of the Mahayana transmission.
		Although strictly speaking, Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia, the character of Vietnamese Buddhism is in many ways closer to that of its northern East Asian relatives, rather than the other Southeast Asian countries.
		East Asian Buddhism can be seen a blending of Mahayana Buddhism with elements of Chinese culture, such as Confucianism and Taoism.
	east-asian-buddhism.en.tracking24.net (130 words)

	Page Title
		Even today, the Chefs of Bangkok are relegated to serving the tourist trade, while Chefs in the flow of northern province refugees, bringing with them the knowledge and revival of the original dishes, are setting up new ethnic restaurants that are gaining popularity among the Thai people in Bangkok.
		Southeast Asian foods take more time to prepare than most American dishes.
		What you order here at the Southeast Asian Restaurant is as authentic as any meal you would order by the same name in Southeast Asia.
	www.foodventure.com /full_pg8.htm (777 words)

	View Job
		The Department of Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Michigan invites applications for a tenure-track position in SOUTHEAST ASIAN BUDDHISM, beginning in September 2005.
		Applicants from a wide variety of periods and fields within Southeast Asian Buddhist Studies will be considered, but all applicants should possess a high level of proficiency in one or more Southeast Asian language as well as the ability to teach undergraduate courses on both historical and contemporary periods.
		Southeast Asian Buddhism Search, Department of Asian Languages and Cultures, 3070 Frieze Building, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1285.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /jobs/display_job.php?jobID=27332 (317 words)

	Southeast Asian Buddhism
		Wherever Theravada Buddhism has become the dominant religious ideology, it has also tended to coexist with beliefs in indigenous spirits and deities.
		Thus, in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, the Buddha occupies a position at the top or, perhaps better, “above the top” of a large pantheon of spirits who are concerned with mundane affairs.
		This pantheon is not always well organized, but it includes regional and local divinities, guardians of towns and villages, spirits of the dead, and demonic and autochtonous forces concerned with illness, fertility, protection, success, failure, and the like.
	brian.hoffert.faculty.noctrl.edu /REL315/12.SoutheastAsia.html (720 words)

	Bibliography of Korean Buddhism
		The reception of Buddhism in Korea and its impact on indigenous culture, H Inoue.
		Assimilation of Buddhism in Korea: Religious Maturity and Innovation in the Silla Dynasty.
		Han'guk ui bulgyo (韓國佛教) (Korean Buddhism) Seoul: Sejong Taewang Kinyeom Saeophoe, 1974.
	www.hm.tyg.jp /~acmuller/kor-bud/korbud-bib.html (2207 words)

	Untitled Document
		It was revived in the late nineteenth century with the help of British scholars.
		Buddhism is accepted, along with Islam, Hinduism and the Catholic and Protestant forms of Christianity, as the five state religions of Indonesia.
		In Cambodia, Buddhism is being revived after Pol Pot's destruction and persecution, and especially with Prince Sihanouk as king, the restrictions are being slowly relaxed.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~lkhowong/buddhismelsewhere.htm (893 words)

	Journal of Southeast Asian Studies: Buddhism Unshackled: The Yuan 'Holy Man' Tradition and the Nation-State in the Tai ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Buddhism Unshackled: The Yuan 'Holy Man' Tradition and the Nation-State in the Tai World.
		Yaun Buddhism is a particular variant of Theravada Buddhism that prevails among the Tai-speaking people of the upper Mekong region.
		A salient feature of Yuan Buddhism is belief in 'holy men' who gain renown for their charismatic attributes and construction of religious monuments.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:77057258&refid=holomed_1 (243 words)

	Buddha Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Buddhism has countless divisions that vary in their rigor of study, the role of supernatural elements, and the style of rituals and practice.
		Buddhism’s primary focus is therefore on the Buddha’s teaching, not on the Buddha’s person.
		Buddhism is a very old religion with a deep and profound scholarly tradition.
	seasiancrafts.com /spiritworld/buddha.htm (2610 words)

	American Buddhism
		This bibliography is meant to serve as a preliminary guide to the main scholarly accounts on the history, development and state of affairs of Buddhism in the U.S.A. and Canada.
		Buddhism in America: The Official Record of the Landmark Conference on the Future of Buddhist Meditative Practices in the West.
		Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds.
	www.globalbuddhism.org /bib-ambu.htm (3371 words)

	Southeast Asian Art And Architecture
		As Hinduism and Buddhism were introduced to Southeast Asia, their traditions were altered to conform to the traditions of the indigenous peoples.
		The Bronze age in Southeast Asia dates from about 800 B.C.; by c.500 B.C. there were recognizable divisions between those cultures influenced by China and those influenced by India.
		A few temples of stucco and brick survive but for the most part the typical Laotian architectural medium was and is wood, encompassing the quintessential Southeast Asian roof line of graceful upward sweeping curves.
	www.question.com /link/SthEAsart.html (1296 words)

	LACMA Permanent Collection: South & Southeast Asian Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		LACMA is proud to present ten masterpieces from the South and Southeast Asian Art department (these works are not necessarily currently on view in the museum's galleries).
		Some of the finest Buddhist images were produced in Thailand in the seventh and eighth centuries, in the era of the Dvaravati kingdom (sixth to eleventh centuries), a culture defined largely by its uniform art style, since it is otherwise known only from a few Chinese references and inscriptions on three surviving Thai medals.
		The Los Angeles County Museum of Art's collection of South Asian sculpture is one of the most encyclopedic outside of South Asia.
	www.lacma.org /art/perm_col/se_asian/asian.htm (2834 words)

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