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	Encyclopedia: Agrarianism
		Agrarianism is not identical with the back to the earth movement, but it can be helpful to think of it in those terms.
		The agrarian philosophy is not to get people to reject progress, but rather to concentrate on the fundamental goods of the earth, communities of more limited economic and political scale than in modern society, and on simple living--even when this shift involves questioning the "progressive" character of some recent social and economic developments.
		The name "agrarian" is properly applied to figures from Horace and Virgil through Thomas Jefferson, Transcendentals like Emerson and Thoreau, the Southern Agrarians movement of the 1920s and 1930s (also known as the Vanderbilt Agrarians) and present-day authors Wendell Berry, Alan Carlson, and Victor Davis Hanson.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Agrarianism (1155 words)

	The Vanishing Agrarians - The World and I Magazine
		Southerners were so devoted to their country and their cause that they refused to admit defeat even after they were clearly defeated.
		The only hope the agrarians have of winning is to fight by the ruthless rules of their enemies, but to do so would cause them to abandon the very thing for which they are fighting, which would be another kind of defeat.
		Taylor was, perhaps, the last agrarian in that though his characters live in cities--Nashville, Memphis, St. Louis--their roots are in the country, and they have brought their rural morals and manners into an urban environment that is hostile to them, a circumstance from which much of the drama in Taylor's fiction springs.
	www.worldandi.com /public/1996/july/ar1.cfm (2729 words)

	The Rebuke of History: The Southern Agrarians and American Conservative Thought, by Paul V. Murphy. Introduction. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Agrarianism, Simpson pointedly declared, "although it has been widely misinterpreted as a political movement--a misunderstanding promoted by the Agrarians' own misinterpretation of their basic motives--was a literary movement."[14] C. Hugh Holman characterized Agrarianism as a "mythic embodiment" of such values as individual integrity, a religious and moral view of life, and family.[15]
		To be southern and of the Agrarians' generation was, in some ways, to feel as inheritors of a noble but failed tradition.
		In the end, the history of the Agrarian tradition was shaped by the pressure of the past on this group of southern intellectuals--a past whose legacy included segregation and white supremacy.
	uncpress.unc.edu /chapters/murphy_rebuke.html (3223 words)

	Paleo-Federalist/Southern Nationalist FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Southern nationalists and Southern agrarians are also integral parts of the this tradition.
		A: Southern nationalists, although equally concerned with the growing hegemony of the federal government, are primarily concerned with preserving the unique social, cultural and religious traditions of the Southern people.
		Southern nationalists also reject much of the intellectual legacy of the Enlightenment which has tended to emphasize the immediate gratification of human needs over transcendent values such as faith, honor and patriotism.
	www.southernnationalist.org /paleo.htm (1011 words)

	Right Church, Wrong Pew
		In The Southern Tradition he dutifully repeats his earlier assertions that "slavery made possible the defense and preservation of a system of values that was unraveling in a North based on bourgeois social relations," but his effort to extend that system of values into the 20th century makes the claim ring hollow.
		The "southern tradition" almost always transcends the confines of intellectual or cultural history as an overt or covert defense of white supremacy, not as laconic chats at the country store or pleasant afternoons at the church social.
		Southern conservatives tend to lay the region's historic racial intolerance at the feet of the Bilbos, Rankins, and Wallaces, racial demagogues who allegedly horrified them even while parroting the language of states' rights, strict constitutionalism, and community values.
	www.wpunj.edu /newpol/issue23/lichte23.htm (4052 words)

	Southern Agrarians -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Agrarians were opposed to unbridled (Practices typical of contemporary life or thought) Modernism and (An economic system built on large industries rather than on agriculture or craftsmanship) Industrialism and bemoaned the loss of traditional Southern culture.
		Their manifesto was an attack on modern industrial America and posited an alternate direction based on a return to traditional (Click link for more info and facts about American values) American values.
		Today, the Southern Agrarians are lauded regularly in a quarterly, Southern Partisan, published in (A state in the Deep South; one of the original 13 colonies) South Carolina.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/So/Southern_Agrarians.htm (265 words)

	agrarian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was listed as being written by 12 Southerners, and soon it was referred to as a "Southern Manifesto." The contributors included historian Frank Ousley, psychologist Lyle Lanier, political scientist H.C. Nixon, biographer John Donald Wade, and authors Stark Young and Andrew Lytle.
		Warren had the twelve southerners agree to a statement of principles which appeared as the introduction to the book.
		The Agrarian Movement as a whole made little or no headway, although individually they contributed fiction, poetry and criticism both to Southern literature and literature as a whole.
	athena.english.vt.edu /~appalach/essaysA/agrarian.htm (567 words)

	Reactionary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 19th century this term was used against individuals and groups that idealized either feudalism or the pre-modern era that preceded the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution when economies were largely agrarian, the landed aristocracy dominated society, a king was on the throne and the church was the moral centre of society.
		Among these are the literary and cultural critics known collectively as the Southern Agrarians along with their sympathizers.
		The most reactionary of these was perhaps Donald Davidson, who adhered to his agrarian beliefs long after many of the other members of the original group had ceased to embrace much of their original agenda.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reactionary (4216 words)

	National Review Book Service: The Unregenerate South: The Agrarian Thought of John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, and Donald ...
		The Southerners had the temerity to suggest that the South, as an example of a traditional society, provided a positive image of a way to live.
		Mark Malvasi's study of the Agrarian thought of three well-known Southerners is a valuable new statement of their engagement with their past and their future, which then became our present....
		At their finest, the Agrarians and their followers testified to the afflictions of modern civilization and exposed as nonsense the idea that political remedies alone could mend its crumbling foundations.
	www.nrbookservice.com /bookpage.asp?prod_cd=C5199 (842 words)

	Southern Agrarians - Emily Bingham, Thomas A. Underwood
		Were it not for the Agrarians' angry reaction to criticism of their book -- and for a dramatic transformation of the American political and economic landscape -- Agrarianism would have died in 1930.
		Scholars frequently assume that the Southern Agrarian movement was limited to the philosophy laid out in the landmark 1930 book I'll Take My Stand.
		Emily S. Bingham and Thomas A. Underwood's carefully selected collection of six key Agrarians' essays, combined with a revealing new introduction, offers a radically revised view of the movement as it was redefined and revived during the New Deal.
	www.libreriauniversitaria.it /BUS/0813919959/The_Southern_Agrarians_and_the_New_Deal:_Essays_After_I_ll_Take_My_Stand.htm (271 words)

	Clyde Wilson reviews The Southern Agrarians and the New Deal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Agrarians, like their English Distributist counterparts, believed that the malady was a surfeit of abstract ownership, government favoritism, dependence on oversized institutions, concentration of wealth, and artificial living.
		As Southerners, the Agrarians were at the same time more conservative and more populist than other Americans, something that middle-class intellectuals (like the editors of this book) will never understand.
		The Southern Agrarians and the New Deal collects fugitive essays by several of the Twelve Southerners—Donald Davidson, Frank L. Owsley, Andrew Lytle, H.C. Nixon, and Allen Tate—on the crisis of the 1930’s.
	chroniclesmagazine.org /Chronicles/October2003/1003Wilson.html (641 words)

	Re: Southern Agrarians, New Critics, Allen Tate, T. S. Eliot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		"Southern Agrarians" seems to be the more common name, but I called them "Vanderbilt Agrarians" here in honor of Francis' moving to Tennessee.
		The Fugitives were a group of poets, while the Southern Agrarians included most or all of the Fugitives -- they were the most influential -- but also included historians, a psychologist, novelists, and others.
		Eliot and either the Fugitives or the Southern Agrarians (other than "they were good friends"), go ahead and post.
	www.talkaboutabook.com /group/rec.arts.books/messages/479188.html (285 words)

	Norsk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Its economy was agrarian; its society was founded on a staggeringly undemocratic, and seemingly intractable, system of racial inequality and segregation.
		The Southerner, he insisted, must "take hold of his Tradition...by violence." It is an audacious and idiosyncratic argument; but Tate’s ability to achieve some degree of critical distance on the regional piety that possessed him and his colleagues alike is impressive, and sets him refreshingly apart from the rest of the crowd.
		The portraits he paints of the Agrarians and of their often unsavory but nearly always colorful admirers, and his accounts of the largely forgotten intellectual struggles and political developments in which they participated, are fascinating; the book is consistently lively, scrupulous, and smart.
	www.brucebawer.com /tate.htm (2410 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: I'll Take My Stand: The South and the Agrarian Tradition (Library of Southern Civilization) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		These are southern gentleman writers with flowing prose and show that the south is not completely anti-intellectual, though one writer says that southerners were not into learning just for learnings's sake, like in the north.
		In general, the argument is that the agrarian culture of the south was superior to the industrial culture of the north.
		The agrarian south and its culture is a ghost of its former self, but some of these issues live own with writers like Wendell Berry who advocate going back to the farm and becoming more self-sufficient, while being less southern and more racially egalitarian.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0807103578?v=glance (2468 words)

	Books In Review: The Southern Tradition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As scholarship, The Southern Tradition mounts a crisply argued challenge to one of the central tenets of historical orthodoxy, namely, that ancient Southern pretensions to a distinctive intellectual tradition are fraudulent, having been irredeemably tainted by the South's association with slavery and racism.
		Cynically fabricated (before 1865) to justify the "peculiar institution" and (subsequently) to keep African-Americans under heel, neither the Southern critique of Northern capitalism nor Southern claims to uphold a unique way of life are to be taken seriously-at least not if one aspires to be classified among the righteous and right-thinking intelligentsia.
		Genovese takes pains to distinguish genuine Southern conservatism from the faux conservatism of present-day politicians whose Southern attachments are merely incidental.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9512/reviews/southern.html (834 words)

	The Southern Agrarians
		The southern Agrarians were a group of twelve young men who joined, from 1929 to 1937, in a fascinating intellectual and political movement.
		That they failed to gain most of their goals does not diminish the significance of their crusade, or the enduring values that they espoused.
		The Agrarian group is the bete noire of some and the pantheon of cultural saints for others, but Conkin's book is the only one that strips the bark off and presents the men and their beliefs naked.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /vupress/conkin.html (365 words)

	H-Net Review: Mary S. Hoffschwelle on The Southern Agrarians and the New Deal: Essays after I'll ...
		The editors preface the essays with a densely packed introduction explaining the Agrarians' efforts in the 1930s and the contours of the huge historical and literary scholarship focused on their works.[1] Students will find this essay and its notes a valuable starting point from which to enter the secondary literature on the movement.
		The racism endemic in Southern Agrarian writings, often discussed by current scholars, was very much an issue for Agrarians and contemporary critics and contributed to their failure as policy makers.
		Perhaps the Southern Agrarians had a chance to participate in shaping America's future, but the limitations of their own vision, growing internal divisions, and the revelation that their editorial ally, Seward Collins, was a fascist relegated them to the sidelines of New Deal policymaking.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=10401050197677 (1241 words)

	Fugitives Pathfinder
		The Southern Literary Journal is available as follows: [from 03/22/1990 to present in Expanded Academic ASAP and InfoTrac OneFile] [from 04/01/1998 to present in Wilson Select Full Text Plus] [from 10/01/1997 to present in ProQuest Research Library] [from 2000 to present in Project Muse].
		The Southern Quarterly is available from 01/01/2000 to present in Wilson Select Full Text Plus.
		The Southern Review (Baton Rouge) is available as follows: [from 01/01/1994 to present in ProQuest Research Library] [from 01/01/1995 to present in Wilson Select Full Text Plus] [from 09/22/1992 to present in Expanded Academic ASAP, General Reference Center Gold and InfoTrac OneFile].
	www.rhodes.edu /library/pathfinders/Fugitives.html (802 words)

	Laura Carr
		The Southern Agrarians wanted to bring back the Old South’s supposed glory days of large, family-owned plantations and happy laborers singing in the fields enjoying being one with nature.
		The Southern Agrarians viewed nature in a somewhat Romantic way—beautiful and harmonious both within itself and with man. Tate views nature as something more disturbing and macabre.
		Tate and the Southern Agrarians, through their writings, tried to rebuild the wall and reestablish the old socioeconomic order.
	www.aug.edu /~lngtba/southernlit/resp2A.htm (659 words)

	ScottishAffairs
		The neo-Confederate movement sees as its progenitors the Southern Agrarians, (also known as the Nashville Agrarians.) Their foundation stone was the publication of the book, "I'll Take My Stand," 1930, in which the twelve contributors take their stand against modernity and what they saw as attacks on the South.
		And Southern traditionalists may take courage from the fact that is was Scottish stubbornness which obtained this position for Scotland; it did not come gratuitously; it was the consequence of an intense sectionalism that fought for a good many years before its fight was won.
		The major publications are Southern Partisan and Chronicles, the latter magazine in its advertisements in the Southern Patriot boasts that all Chronicles editors are members of the League of the South.
	www.templeofdemocracy.com /ScottishAffairs.htm (10984 words)

	National Communication Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Scholars of southern literature often trace the conscious development of their field to the twelve authors of I’ll Take My Stand, the Agrarians.
		Typically southern literary historians link the Agrarians to the concept of “historical consciousness,” or the knowledge of the “past in the present,” as a defining element in southern literature.
		The paper further questions how the canon was defined as a result of Agrarian influence and why scholars, like Braden, who questioned the canon, were never quite able to define southern oratory in a way that would allow for the diversity within southern culture.
	convention.allacademic.com /nca2004/view_paper_info.html?pub_id=8762&part_id1=10315&discussion_panel=t (186 words)

	VGCC: HUM 221: Assignments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		C Completed assignment fully and according to instructions with focus on Southern culture; writing may contain problems with grammar or organization but is understandable.
		In your account of the interview, point out details that correspond with the elements of Southern agrarian culture that you read about in the on-line text.
		Choose one contemporary Southern politician and explain how he demonstrates one or more of the three traditional styles of Southern politics discussed in the on-line text: patrician, populist, and/or progressive.
	oit.vgcc.cc.nc.us /hum122/assigns.htm (4363 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Murphy, Paul V. "The Rebuke of History: The Southern Agrarians and American Conservative Thought." Department of History, Indiana University, November 1996.
		The Southern Agrarians were a group of frankly reactionary, even radical, conservative writers led by John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, Donald Davidson, and Robert Penn Warren who espoused a return to the social economy of the pre-industrial South.
		The Agrarians were divided between modernist and romantic impulses, alternately conceiving history as a myth and seeking an ineffable union with southern culture.
	www.georgetown.edu /crossroads/dis/97murph.html (123 words)

	The UNC Press, The Rebuke of History by Paul V. Murphy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A stark attack on industrial capitalism and a defiant celebration of southern culture, the book has raised the hackles of critics and provoked passionate defenses from southern loyalists ever since.
		Tracing the Agrarian tradition from its origins in the 1920s through the present day, Murphy shows how what began as a radical conservative movement eventually became, alternately, a critique of twentieth-century American liberalism, a defense of the Western tradition and Christian humanism, and a form of southern traditionalism--which could include a defense of racial segregation.
		Although Agrarianism failed as a practical reform movement, its intellectual influence was wide-ranging, Murphy says.
	uncpress.unc.edu /books/T-4660.html (271 words)

	American Passages - Unit 13. Southern Renaissance: Context Activities
		All twelve of the book's authors were white men, and their implicit advocacy of white supremacy is one of the reasons their attempt to establish a new cultural and literary movement has often been dismissed as simply a romantic and nostalgic attempt to return to a corrupt past.
		Critics remain divided about the value of the Agrarians' advocacy of an alternative in which land and other resources would be more equally distributed among the "plain (white) folk" around whom much of southern mythology revolved.
		The less glamorous side of rural southern life; a white share-cropping family seated on the porch of their cabin.
	www.learner.org /amerpass/unit13/context_activ-1.html (1339 words)

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