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Topic: Southern Athabaskan languages

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	Athabaskan Indian Tribe - American Indian Nations
		Athabaskan or Athabascan (also Athapascan or Athapaskan) is the name of a large group of distantly related Native American peoples, also known as the Athabasca Indians or Athapaskes, located in two main Southern and Northern groups in western North America, and of their language family.
		The 24 Northern Athabaskan languages are spoken throughout the interior of Alaska and the interior of northwestern Canada in the Yukon and Northwest Territories as well as in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
		The seven Pacific Coastal Athabaskan languages are spoken in southern Oregon and northern California.
	www.comanchelodge.com /nations/athabaskan-tribe.html (334 words)

	Athabaskan languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Athabaskan or Athabascan (also Athapascan or Athapaskan) is the name of a large group of closely related Native American peoples, also known as the Athabasca Indians or Athapaskes, located in two main Southern and Northern groups in western North America, and of their language family.
		The Athabaskan family is the largest family in North America in terms of number of languages and the number of speakers (the Uto-Aztecan family which extends into Mexico has many more speakers).
		Isolated from the northern and coastal languages, the six Southern Athabaskan languages, including the different Apache peoples and Navajo, are spoken in the American Southwest and the northwestern part of Mexico.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Athabascan.htm (1142 words)

	List of Languages
		Language of the Caucasus mountains in the Russian autonomous republic of Karachay-Cherkessia by the Abazins.
		Is a Visayan language spoken in Aklan province in the Philippines.
		Is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara of the Andes.
	www.aboutlanguageschools.com /language/list (4777 words)

	tonal language Information Center - tonal languages
		Many of the Athabaskan languages, such as Navajo and the other Apachean languages have register-tone systems, but the languages that have tone fall into two groups that are mirror images of each other.
		People assume (incorrectly) that a tonal language is incompatible with music because they cannot reconcile this misunderstanding with the nature of music (ie, "If 'love' must be pronounced as a B flat, how could one write a song that uses both the word 'love' and a corresponding note different from B flat?").
		This varies substantially from language to language, but in the case of English, it could be thought of as variations in speech volume, vowel length, and most importantly, tonal contour, that serve to distinguish a particular syllable in a word as being the one that is "stressed".
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Linguistic_Topics_R_-_T/tonal_language.html (2759 words)

	ATHABASKAN LANGUAGES AND THE SCHOOLS
		It is universally held true that all languages are equal in their ability to convey the thoughts of anyone speaking them, that all are effective and valid means of communication.
		Athabaskan languages are spoken throughout the interior of Alaska and the interior of northwestern Canada.
		When languages share regular, consistent correspondences in their structures and sound systems, we can conclude that they are members of a single language family, that is, that their similarities result from their common descent from one ancestral language.
	www.alaskool.org /language/Athabaskan/Athabas_Lng.htm (1830 words)

	Classified List of BC Native Languages
		The Athabaskan language family as a whole is fairly closely related to Eyak, a language once spoken in the Cook inlet area of southern Alaska.
		The Apachean languages are spoken in the American Southwest, while the Pacific Coast languages are spoken in various places along the Pacific coast from the far north of California to southern Washington.
		The Tsimshianic languages are spoken on the northwest coast and in adjacent areas of the interior.
	www.ydli.org /bcother/bclist.htm (1153 words)

	Athabaskan (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The 24 Northern Athabaskan languages are spoken throughout the interior of Alaska and the interior of northwestern Canada.
		The 7 Pacific Coastal Athabaskan languages are spoken in Southern Oregon and Northern California.
		Isolated from the Northern and coastal languages, the 6 Southern Athabaskan languages, including the different Apache peoples and Navajo, are spoken in the US Southwest and the northwestern part of Mexico.
	athabaskan.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (912 words)

	Southern Athabaskan languages (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Southern Athabaskan languages have four Vowels of contrasting tongue dimensions (as written in the "practical" orthography): These Vowels may also be short or long and oral (non-nasal) or nasal.
		Typologically, Southern Athabaskan languages are partly agglutinating, partly fusional, polysynthetic head-marking languages.
		Southern Athabaskan languages have verb stems that classify a particular object by its shape or other physical characteristics in addition to describing the movement or state of the object.
	southern-athabaskan-languages.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1936 words)

	White Mountain Apache Language Issues
		Another obstacle to learning indigenous languages is a lack of pedagogical materials and one of the reasons for that lack is because some native people oppose having their languages written down or recorded.
		Language learning methods, especially if they have been successfully utilized, are important information for tribes to share in their language renewal efforts.
		The results of the questions on language ideology from a small segment of my tribe revealed that they value their language and culture and that there are many causal factors for the erosion and loss of their language and a rapid shift to English.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/TIL_12.html (5301 words)

	Athabaskan languages: Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
		Northern Athabaskan includes more than 20 languages scattered across an immense region of subarctic North America from western Alaska to Hudson Bay and south to southern Alberta and British Columbia.
		Apachean consists of eight closely related languages spoken in the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico, including Navajo and the various subdivisions of Apache.
		In 1915 Edward Sapir placed the Athabaskan family together with Tlingit and Haida (languages of Alaska and British Columbia, respectively) in a larger grouping called Na-Dene; this hypothetical relationship continues to be controversial.
	ref.enotes.com /britannica-encyclopedia/athabaskan-languages (140 words)

	Apache - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Apache and Navajo (Diné) tribal groups of the American Southwest speak related languages of the language family referred to as Athabaskan.
		Although there is some evidence Southern Athabaskan peoples may have visited the Southwest as early as the 13th century AD, most scientists believe they arrived permanently only a few decades before the Spanish.
		Southern Athabaskans expanded their range through the 17th century, occupying areas the Pueblos peoples had abandoned during prior centuries.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Apache (3914 words)

	Na-Dene (Athabaskan) Language Family
		It is the largest language family in North America in terms of number of languages and the number of speakers (after the Uto-Aztecan language family).
		Na-Dené languages are polysynthetic, i.e., they are characterized by a very high number of morphemes per word.
		However, Na-Dené languages are not as polysynthetic as Algonquian or Eskimo-Aleut languages.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/october/NaDene.html (512 words)

	revwkshp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Language is shaped by the area just as the area is shaped by the language.
		Athabaskan languages add prefixes and sufixes to words to sho direction, distance, and relative positioning.
		Language is not just a simple means of causal talking or response, language is the boding factor between hundreds of nations on this earth.
	www.georgiasouthern.edu /~lamy/teaching/1101/revwkshp.html (191 words)

	Navajo Nation Encyclopedia Article @ Beheld.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Large non-contiguous sections of the Navajo Nation in New Mexico are: Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation in western Cibola County and southern McKinley County; Alamo Bend Navajo Indian Reservation in northwestern Socorro County; and Canoncito Indian Reservation in western Bernalillo County and eastern Cibola County.
		The Navajo are closely related to the Apache, and the Navajo language along with other Apache languages make up the Southern Athabaskan language family.
		Adjacent or nearly adjacent to the Navajo Reservation are the Southern Ute of Colorado, the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe of Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico, both to the north; the Jicarilla Apache to the east, and other tribes to the west and south.
	www.beheld.org /encyclopedia/Navajo_Nation (2772 words)

	Aboriginal languages
		The Inuktitut language (of the Eskimo-Aleut family) is spoken by about two thirds of the 44 000 Inuit who largely populate Canada’s Arctic, from the northwestern part of the Northwest Territories (Inuvialuit) to northern Labrador.
		Athabaskan languages are spoken in British Columbia, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
		Another major group of Aboriginal languages represented in Canada is the Iroquoian family, which is found in southwestern Quebec and southern Ontario, as well as in adjoining parts of the United States.
	www.fp.ucalgary.ca /howed/abor_lang.htm (1009 words)

	Southern Athabaskan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Southern Athabaskan (also Apachean) is a subfamily of Athabaskan languages spoken primarily in the North American Southwest (including Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Sonora) with two outliers in Oklahoma and Texas.
		The most famous speaker of a Southern Athabaskan language was Geronimo (Goyaałé) who spoke Chiricahua.
		The seven Southern Athabaskan languages can be divided into 2 groups according to the classification of Harry Hoijer: (I) Plains and (II) Southwestern.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages (1078 words)

	Archaeology of Interior Alaska
		Of concern to us are the 23 languages that form a recognized geographical subdivision of the Athabaskan language family, usually referred to as Northern Athabaskan (Krauss and Golla 1990).
		Other groups of Athabaskan languages exist on the Pacific Coast of Oregon and northern California (where it is spoken by a number of riverine and coastal tribes), and in the Pueblo-Southwest (the Apachean languages which include Navajo, Kiowa, Lipan and various Apache tribes).
		The Athabaskan family of languages is one branch of a larger linguistic group - Athabaskan-Eyak.
	www.nps.gov /akso/akarc/interior.htm (1387 words)

	Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Archives
		Her research interests include the grammatical description of Potawatomi (an Algonquian language spoken in the midwestern United States and adjacent Canada), issues in endangered language revitalization and pedagogy, and the use of the World Wide Web as a means of creating virtual speech communities.
		She is primarily interested in languages of Northwestern California (particularly Yurok, Wiyot and the various Hokan languages) and of the Caucasus (Nakh-Daghestanian).
		He is especially interested in languages of the Algonquian language family and the social issues of language death and revitalization regarding native languages in general.
	www.linguistics.berkeley.edu /Survey/people.html (1517 words)

	Ask Us A Question - Animacy is a grammatical category, usually of nouns, which influences the form a verb takes when it ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Examples of languages in which an animacy hierarchy is important include the Mexican language Totonac and the Southern Athabaskan languages (such as Western Apache and Navajo), whose animacy hierarchy has been the subject of intense study.
		In such languages, participants which are more animate are more likely to be the agent of the verb, and therefore are marked in an accusative pattern: unmarked in the agent role and marked in the patient or oblique role.
		The location of the split (the line which divides the inherently agentive participants from the inherently patientive participants) varies from language to language, and in many cases the two classes overlaps, with a class of nouns near the middle of the hierarchy being marked for both the agent and patient roles.
	www.beverlyhillscaus.com /profile/Animacy (891 words)

	Southern Illinois University Carbondale
		Southern Illinois University at Carbondale thus became the first state institution of higher education in Illinois to offer the doctoral degree in anthropology.
		Prudence M. Rice with research in the colonial period southern Andes, ceramics, and the lowland Maya.
		Anthony Webster (Athabaskan languages, ethnopoetics), joined Fuller and Hofling to make our department one of the larger concentrations of anthropological linguists in the country.
	www.siu.edu /~anthro/anthhist.htm (1444 words)

	Southern Athabaskan languages/Bibliography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is the bibliography of the Southern Athabaskan languages article.
		The raid and war-path language of the Chiricahua Apache.
		The Navajo language: A grammar and colloquial dictionary (rev. ed.).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages/Bibliography (1008 words)

	News - Statistical Research, Inc.
		Recent investigations in southern New Mexico have provided an opportunity to examine hundreds of features known locally as ring middens--hollow mounds of fire-cracked rock that range in size from as small as 3 m to more than 25 m in diameter.
		On the west side of the southern San Andres Mountains, immigrants from the Sierra Blanca area and indigenous Jornada Mogollon subpopulations established a defensive allied group of villages occupied between
		Thus, this project has three parts: (1) an internal division of Southern Athabaskan languages based on a discursive typology, (2) a genetic comparison of that division with related Northern and Pacific Athabaskan languages, and (3) an areal comparison with unrelated southwestern languages.
	www.sricrm.com /news/Abstracts.htm (3864 words)

	The Phonology of Coyoteño
		According to Hoijer (1938), Coyoteño showed some similarities with the Southern Athabaskan languages, both in phonology and grammar, although he admits that this may be due to long contact between the Coyotes and Mescalero Apache.
		From the available data, I see no persuasive evidence for classifying Coyoteño as a member of the Athabaskan family; it appears to be an isolate.
		The descriptions of the Spanish missionaries are all the documentation that exists of the language, whose last speakers died around 1900.
	www.ethnopoeia.com /coyote.htm (1506 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.1743: Language Planning
		She has been involved in language maintenance and revitalization for 25 years, consulting for Native Americans in bilingual education, development of writing systems, and language revitalization programs in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Alaska.
		She is a cofounder of the American Indian Language Development Institute and one of the main designers and trainers for the Master-Apprentice Language Learning program.
		Since 1964, he has worked in support of the principle that the study of Native American languages will mature best and grow as a science when native speakers of the languages involved are enabled to assume career positions in the discipline of linguistics.
	linguistlist.org /issues/12/12-1743.html (787 words)

	Alaska Native Languages -- Haida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Haida is the language of the southern half of Prince of Wales Island in the villages of Hyadaburg, Kasaan, and Craig, as well as a portion of the city of Ketchikan.
		About 600 Haida people live in Alaska, and about 15 of the most elderly of those speak the language.
		Haida is considered a linguistic isolate with no proven genetic relationship to any language family.
	www.uaf.edu /anlc/langs/hd.html (73 words)

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