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Topic: Southern Great Lakes Derecho of 1991

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	African Great Lakes Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Great Lakes of Africa are a series of lakes in and around the Great Rift Valley.
		They include Lake Victoria, the second largest fresh water lake in the world in terms of surface area, and Lake Tanganyika, the world's second largest in terms of volume as well as the second deepest.
		Lake Tanganyika and Lake Kivu both empty into the Congo River system, while Lake Malawi is drained by the Shire River into the Zambezi.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/African_Great_Lakes.html (578 words)

	Wunder Blog : Weather Underground
		Derechos are associated with a band of showers or thunderstorms that are often "curved" in shape.
		Derechos crossing Lake Michigan occasionally produce what is called a "seiche" (pronounced as "say-sh") where the water slouches back and forth across the lake, sometimes changing the water level by as much as 10 feet at a particular point.
		The May 30-31, 1998 derecho produced a seiche as the water level rose on the east shore of the lake because of the intense westerly winds.
	catalan.wunderground.com /blog/anvilhead/comment.html?entrynum=40&tstamp=200701 (5724 words)

	Ely, Minnesota - Gateway to the BWCA Canoe Country
		The great derecho of July 4th 1999 in the BWCAW was one of the largest blowdowns ever recorded in North America.It is similar in size and severity of forest damage to category 3 or 4 hurricanes making landfall in forested region (e.g.
		Derechos cover much larger areas than tornados and are the main cause of wind damage in the Upper Midwest.
		The July 4th, 1999 derecho that hit the BWCAW and a similar one that hit northern Wisconsin on July 4th 1977, caused damage similar in scope to that of a category 3 or 4 hurricane making landfall in a forested region (Frelich unpublished data).
	www.elyminnesota.com /fire_status/bwcawind.php (4888 words)

	Southern Great Lakes Derecho of 1991 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Southern Great Lakes Derecho of 1991 is the derecho event that occurred on July 7 and 8, 1991.
		As this derecho moved into Wisconsin in the early afternoon hours, it died out and a new derecho quickly developed.
		The Southern Great Lakes Derecho of 1991 traveled about 1000 miles (1600km) in 17 hours, caused $100 million in damage (1991 dollars), cut off electrical power to nearly 1 million customers, killed 1 and injured about 12 others.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southern_Great_Lakes_Derecho_of_1991 (452 words)

	Derecho information - Search.com
		A derecho is a widespread and long-lived, violent convectively induced windstorm that is associated with a fast-moving band of severe thunderstorms usually taking the form of a bow echo.
		During this time of year, derechos are usually confined to the Ohio Valley, upper Mississippi Valley and the Great Lakes region including southern Canada, mostly in Southwestern Ontario.
		A derecho hit the city of Indianapolis, Indiana on April 2, 2006 causing widespread damage, including blowing multiple windows out of three sides of a 36-story office building.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Derecho (756 words)

	Late-May 1998 Tornado Outbreak and Derecho - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Late-May 1998 Tornado Outbreak and Derecho was a historic tornado outbreak and derecho that began on the afternoon of May 30th extending throughout May 31st, 1998, across a large portion of the northern half of the United States (and southern Ontario) from southeastern Montana east and southeastward to the Atlantic Ocean.
		The derecho raced across Wisconsin in only three hours killing one person in Washington County when a tree fell through the roof and onto her bed where she was sleeping.
		The derecho also caused boating accidents by generating a seiche on Lake Michigan which was reported to be around 10 feet (3 metres) high as it first struck the Michigan coastline of Lake Michigan further north in Muskegon County.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southern_Great_Lakes_Derecho_of_1998 (1560 words)

	Ontario - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Southern Ontario is further sub-divided into four regions; Southwestern Ontario (parts of which formerly referred to as Western Ontario), Golden Horseshoe, Central Ontario (although not actually the province's geographic centre) and Eastern Ontario.
		However, the open lakes frequently result in lake effect snow squalls on the eastern and southern shores of the lakes, that affect much of the Georgian Bay shoreline including Killarney, Parry Sound, Muskoka and Simcoe County; the Lake Huron shore from east of Sarnia northward to the Bruce Peninsula, sometimes reaching London.
		Lawrence Seaway, which extends across most of the southern portion of the province and connects to the Atlantic Ocean, is the primary water transportation route for cargo, particularly iron ore and grain.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Ontario (5222 words)

	paper-obs
		In addition, statistics of derecho proximity-sounding parameters are presented relative to the derecho lifecycle as well as relative to the forcing for upward motion.
		The derecho major axis is obtained by connecting the position of the first and last wind reports through the center of the swath of wind reports.
		The ridge pattern events occur in three distinguishable regions; one stretching northwest to southeast across the southern Great Plains, one stretching west-northwest to east-southeast from Iowa to Kentucky, and another stretching west to east from the northern Plains to the western Great Lakes region (Fig.
	www.nssl.noaa.gov /users/mcon/public_html/paper-obs.htm (8875 words)

	Tornado K-12 Experiments for Lesson Plans & Science Fair Projects
		A landspout is an unofficial term for a tornado not associated with a mesocyclone.
		The deadliest U.S. tornado on record is the March 18, 1925, Tri-State Tornado that went across southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois and southern Indiana, killing 695 people.
		Tornadoes do occur throughout the world as well; the most tornado-prone region of the world (outside North America), as measured by number of reported tornadoes per unit area, is the Netherlands, followed by the United Kingdom (especially England).
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/earthsciences/tornado.html (3260 words)

	The Southern Great Lakes Derecho of 1991
		As the storm system entered Wisconsin early on the afternoon of July 7th, the original bow echo that caused all the damage west of the Mississippi River died out and a new bow echo quickly developed to the south of the one that was dying.
		The July 7-8, 1991 derecho caused a total of about 20 million 1991 dollars worth of damage in Wisconsin most of which was in the Federal Disaster Area.
		In summary, the "Southern Great Lakes Derecho of 1991" traveled about 1000 miles, caused about 125 million 1991 U.S. dollars worth of damage, cut off electrical power to almost one million customers, killed one person, and injured about a dozen others.
	www.spc.noaa.gov /misc/AbtDerechos/casepages/jul7-81991page.htm (964 words)

	CR Tech Service Paper 09
		The proximity in the summer of the 500 millibar jet axis near the Great Lakes may contribute to the high number of northwest flow events across this region (Johns 1984).
		Lake effect snow bands are generally not more than 20 miles wide and range from 50 to 100 miles in length (Peace and Sykes 1966).
		The southern Great Lakes region has a continental climate that is modified somewhat by its proximity to the lakes.
	www.crh.noaa.gov /crh/?n=tsp-09 (10603 words)

	Geography In America
		Langbein (cited in Mather 1991) suggested that hydroclimatology is the "study of the influence of climate upon the waters of the land" while Hirschboeck (1988) offered that it is "an approach to studying hydrologic events within their climatological context".
		Sandy lake sediment records have permitted estimates of historic occurrences of intense hurricanes in Alabama (Liu and Fearn 1993).
		Angel, J.R. and Isard, S.A. 'An observational study of the influence of the Great Lakes on the speed and intensity of passing cyclones'.
	www.unh.edu /stateclimatologist/csg/gia.htm (6456 words)

	Tornado information - Search.com
		A landspout is an unofficial term for a tornado not associated with a mesocyclone.
		The deadliest U.S. tornado on record is the March 18, 1925, Tri-State Tornado that went across southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois and southern Indiana, killing 695 people.
		Tornadoes do occur throughout the world as well; the most tornado-prone region of the world (outside North America), as measured by number of reported tornadoes per unit area, is the Netherlands, followed by the United Kingdom (especially England).
	www.search.com /reference/Tornado (3297 words)

	WRM Bulletin Nº 60 - South America / July 2002
		On the other hand, the great majority of the people of Espirito Santo, and mainly the rural population, increasingly indignant over the way Aracruz operates, conscious that it needs to resist if it wants to have the slightest chance of a decent future.
		Among other things, it is requested that the MOP be sanctioned for its lack of compliance with the conditions for the approval of the Southern Coastal Highway and that the Highway Office and the Rio Bueno Building Company be sanctioned for the environmental damage caused to the Contaco river and to its hydro-biological resources.
		The approximate mean rate of deforestation between 1985 and 1991 was 290,000 ha/year, one of the highest in the world.
	www.wrm.org.uy /bulletin/60/SA.html (2750 words)

	Welcome to Pace Law School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		To a very great extent, all environmental management decisions are intimately related to land use decisions.
		A national law was enacted in 1991, Law 24.197, which did create such a requirement but which was vetoed by the President of the Republic.
		These sanctions are not regarded with great seriousness particularly since it is far cheaper to pay the tariff than it is to invest in the expensive water treatment facilities needed to treat waste water before discharge.
	www.pace.edu /lawschool/landuse/summb.html (10238 words)

	ScienceDaily: Computer Model Recreates The Storm That Sank The Edmund Fitzgerald
		On Nov. 10, 1975, Lake Superior swallowed the Edmund Fitzgerald, along with her 29 crew members and cargo of almost 26,000 tons of ore. The wreck evolved into a Midwestern legend.
		Great Lakes Intensify Ferocity Of Passing Storms, Scientists Say (November 7, 1997) -- The Great Lakes exert a significant influence on passing cyclones, causing storms to speed up and grow in strength, say researchers at the University of Illinois and the Illinois State Water Survey.
		Derecho -- A derecho is a widespread and long-lived, violent convectively induced windstorm that is associated with a fast-moving band of severe thunderstorms usually taking the form of a bow echo.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/11/051116082940.htm (1667 words)

	Welcome To "Sky-Chaser.com"
		This rotation is clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
		Great examples of annular hurricanes in the Atlantic were hurricane Isabel in 2003 and hurricane Katrina in 2005.
		A great example is that a boat floats because of the amount of water displaced produces upward lift (buoyancy), even though the boat maybe much heavier than water.
	www.sky-chaser.com /schpri.htm (21576 words)

	Tornado (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tornadoes in the Great Plains can turn red because of the reddish tint of the soil, and tornadoes in mountainous areas can travel over snow-covered ground, turning brilliantly white in the process.
		Some survived a direct hit by the Jarrell Tornado by lying down in a bathtub as the tornado swept the rest of the house away.
		A tornado near Red Rock, Oklahoma was monitored by scientists using a portable Doppler radar, an experimental radar device that measures wind speed.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Tornadoes.htm (6809 words)

	On the Navy Presence in Vieques
		Derechos Civiles, PRISA, cuentan entre algunos individuos y entidades
		Southern Command in PR because "it will mean an increase in war activities
		The Southern Command, and its various elements, is related historically to
	www.enchanted-isle.com /elfortin/navy.htm (4739 words)

	FUELS RISK ASSESSMENT OF BLOWDOWN
		Most of the lakes and waterways were not wide enough to prevent spotting across them and they failed to slow spread significantly.
		Haines and Sando examined seven historically great fires from the period 1870 to 1920.
		The historically great fire data indicate that abnormally hot weather for the season is not a prerequisite to large fires in the north-central region.
	www.fs.fed.us /r9/forests/superior/storm_recovery/bwcara/bwcawra.html (16367 words)

	IUCN - The World Conservation Union - News March 2003
		Along with individuals and organizations worldwide, we seek to weigh the arguments on all sides of the issue, to understand better what is at stake, and to identify a contribution, however small, that IUCN might make towards resolving the present predicament and averting the humanitarian and environmental tragedy that would inevitably follow from war.
		Hundreds of people have died, leaving thousands of family members affected, and it is a real possibility that thousands of great apes have also died during this time due to the same disease.
		Once-healthy trees stand dying in the stagnant lakes that once were seasonal wetlands, and coastal shrimp fisheries are declining with the retreat of delta mangrove forests.
	www.iucn.org /en/news/archive/2003/newmarch03.htm (7624 words)

	[No title]
		Barnston, A. and and, 1991: Statistical prediction of January-February mean Northern Hemisphere climate from the 11-yr solar cycle and the Southern Oscillation for west and east QBO phases.
		Barnston, A. and R. Livezey, 1991: Statistical prediction of JanuaryFebruary mean Northern Hemisphere lower tropospheric climate from the 11-year solar cycle and the Southern Oscillation for west and east QBO phases.
		Bartzokas, A. and D. Metaxas, 1991: Climatic fluctuation of the temperature and air circulation in the Mediterranean.
	twister.ou.edu /references/B.html (14670 words)

	Energy, the Environment & U.S. Population Growth
		Refining oil produces great volumes of toxic and hazardous organic chemicals that in the past were dumped willy-nilly into the air and water, creating such noxious zones as “Cancer Alley” along the Mississippi River in Louisiana and the notorious industrial barrens of northern New Jersey and Long Beach, California.
		With mountaintop removal, since the volumes of earth are so great, no attempt is made to restore the original landscape; rather, valleys are filled in with this “overburden,” and artificial new landscapes are constructed.
		On July 4, 1999, a massive storm known as a “derecho,” with heavy rains and winds exceeding 90 miles per hour, blew down almost half a million acres of forest in northeastern Minnesota, most of it within the legendary Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness.
	www.mnforsustain.org /energy_kolankiewicz_energy_us_population.htm (10934 words)

	Recursos marinos vivos y su desarrollo sostenible Perspectivas institucionales y medioambientales
		Regier, H.A. Sequence of exploitation of stocks in multispecies fisheries in the Great Lakes.
		Rehabilitative redevelopment of the fish and fisheries of the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes.
		Derechos de uso territorial y eficiencia económica en el caso de las concesiones pesqueras en Filipinas.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/V5321s/V5321S09.htm (5834 words)

	Synoptics Chapter
		For instance, the Great Lakes of the United States have been shown to favor cyclonic circulations around in their vicinity during the winter (e.g., Petterssen and Calabrese 1959; Sousounis and Fritsch 1994).
		Thus, if a lake, grouping of lakes, or an inland sea is large enough, it can alter the dynamics of extratropical weather systems, as well as the more obvious effect of evaporation of moisture into the airstream passing over the water.
		The southern Hemispheric flow is predominantly zonal, perhaps as a result of fewer mountain barriers and much less landmass.
	www.cimms.ou.edu /~doswell/Monograph/Synoptics.html (16853 words)

	CRIOLLOS, Birth of a Dynamic Indo-Afro-European People on Hispaniola
		And no doubt it was mostly those same mixed-blood criollos, not "500 households of Spaniards" and "even more Indians," that the British traveler Robert Tompson observed when he made a brief stop in Santo Domingo in 1555.
		Multiethnic criollos were the heirs to the mines and the great sugar estates of Hispaniola, and of the cattle ranches and tobacco plantations that took over the economy later.
		Some would have gone to the mountains temporarily to hunt, to fish in the mountain lakes and rivers, or to gather forest products, and others to practice rituals that were forbidden under the Spaniards.
	www.kacike.org /LynneGuitar.html (8317 words)

	NESC Conference Oral Abstracts
		The mesoscale evolution in snow band duration, intensity, and structure was similar in the vicinity of Lakes Erie and Ontario for both events.
		Lake enhanced events occurred when previously existing precipitation systems were noticeably enhanced in the vicinity of the lakes.
		In addition, other features such as the Great Lakes influenced the bow echoes, leading to intensification in one case and weakening in another.
	apollo.lsc.vsc.edu /ams/NESCOralAbstracts.html (9270 words)

	MM5 Community Model Homepage
		Giorgi, Filippo, and Marinucci, Maria Rosari, 1991: Validation of a regional atmospheric model over Europe: sensitivity of wintertime and summertime simulations to selected physics parameterizations and lower boundary conditions.
		Persson, P.O.G. and T.T. Warner, 1991: Model generation of spurious gravity waves due to the inconsistency of the vertical and horizontal resolution.
		Roebber, P.J. and M.G. Gehring, 2000: Realtime prediction of the lake breeze on the western shore of Lake Michigan.
	www.mmm.ucar.edu /mm5/Publications/mm5-papers.html (12970 words)

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