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Topic: Southern Liang

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	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=Southern+Liang&rc=10&fh=6&fr=11 (474 words)

	Southern Liang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the southern dynasty known as Southern Liang, see Liang Dynasty.
		The Southern Liang (Chinese character: 南凉, Hanyu pinyin Nánliáng) (397-414) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China.
		All rulers of the Southern Liang proclaimed themselves "wang".
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southern_Liang (96 words)

	Ancient Liang
		The Liang Dynasty was one of the Southern Dynasties, the Song, Qi, Liang and the Chen, which struggled against the Northern non-Chinese Dynasties of the Later Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou.
		Emperor Wu Di, or Hsiao Yen was a cousin of the Emperor of the Southern Qi.
		Liang Shang (???- A.D. 141) was a Regent and the father of the consort during the Han.
	www.angelfire.com /co/leong/history.html (2137 words)

	Shi Ji - Origin of Liang
		The second son, Kang, was given land in Xia Yang of Liang Shan (Han Cheng in Shanxi province), and established the Liang kingdom.
		Liang originated from the surnmae Ying, which is descended from the famous flood-control minister, Boyi, during the Dayu reign.
		The Liang Kingdom was later destroyed by the Qin Kingdom and the Liang royal members escaped to the Jin Kingdom where they used their nation's name as their surname.
	www.angelfire.com /co/leong/liang.html (1061 words)

	Liang finds law and medicine natural partners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Liang came to Southern Illinois University Carbondale in 1999 as the Grayson Distinguished Professor of Law and Medicine.
		Liang holds a law degree from Harvard Law School, a medical degree from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, a doctorate degree from the Harris School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago and a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
		Liang also is deputy editor of the Journal of Legal Medicine, a contributing editor to Medical Legal Lessons and sits on the editorial board of Hospital Physician, the Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, and Survey of Anesthesiology, as well as the manuscript review boards of the Antitrust Law Journal and Anesthesiology.
	news.siu.edu /news/June02/060402r2102.html (210 words)

	Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Between 225 and 230, the Kingdom of Shu (a Chinese state that existed during the Three Kingdoms period) undertook a military campaign in its southern territories after incidents of rebellion by local governors and intrusions by the Nanman ("southern barbarians").
		The campaign was led by Zhuge Liang, a prominent general and administrator.
		It is written that the seventh victory over the Nanman involved a cunning trap in which a Nanman army was lured into a valley before fire was used to utterly obliterate the entirety of their forces.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Zhuge_Liang%27s_Southern_Campaign (210 words)

	list of extinct states - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The Three Kingdoms came about after the fall of the Han Dynasty in the year 190 and were eventually reunified by the Jin Dynasty in the year 280.
		The Sixteen Kingdoms (304-439) refer to the numerous short-lived states in northern China that appeared for brief periods of time after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty to southern China.
		Southern Rhodesia - British colony, unilaterally declared itself independent as Rhodesia in 1965, renamed Zimbabwe Rhodesia 1979, then gained international recognition as Zimbabwe 1980.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/list-of-extinct-states (2901 words)

	Reporting errors can improve patient safety
		Liang believes that the legal system needs to develop procedures that allow doctors to report mistakes without opening themselves up to lawsuits.
		Liang, along with many of the nation's top researchers in the field of patient safety and medical errors, took a closer look at the issue during a two-day symposium co-sponsored by the SIU School of Law May 30-31.
		Liang, whose research interests focus on the relationships between law, medicine, economic incentive structures and patient safety, believes the medical community could take some cues from the aviation industry.
	news.siu.edu /news/June02/060402r2101.html (605 words)

	Southern Dynasties -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The four dynasties were the Liu-Sung (420–479), the Nan (Southern) Ch'i (479–502), the Nan Liang (502–557), and the Nan Ch'en (557–589).
		Because of the barbarian occupation of northern China the second half of the Sung rule was confined to the area south of the Huai River.
		The southern region of Europe is a rich blend of cultures, traditions, and attractions.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9068920?tocId=9068920 (735 words)

	Encyclopedia: Three Kingdoms
		For example, the political control of Shu on its southern frontier was limited by the Tai tribes of modern Yunnan and Burma, known collectively as the Southern Barbarians (å—è »).
		At the end of Zhuge Liang's southern campaign, the Wu-Shu alliance came to fruition and Shu was free to move against north.
		The decreasing strength of the Cao clan was mirrored by the decline of Shu.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Three-Kingdoms (7330 words)

	moifa art of brush painting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Painters of the southern period focussed on nature in an intuitive and spontaneous manner, much like the philosophies of Chan Buddhism and Daoism.
		Later painters of the Southern Song period combined the Ma Yuan and Xia Gui's preference for monochrome ink and spontaneous calligraphic brush work, with Daoist and Chan Buddhist views of nature.
		Liang Kai, a master of the spontaneous Chan style, painted figures, landscapes and both Daoist and Buddhist subjects.
	www.moifa.com /history_southern_song.htm (338 words)

	ancient coins of China - AD 221 to AD 590
		Most dynasties of the Division of Northern and Southern cannot be directly associated with any issue of coins and, especially for the earlier Northern Dynasties, it is possible no coins were cast.
		The Liang Dynasty was established by general Hsiao Yen of the Southern Ch'i Dynasty, but since he was, however distantly, related to the ruling house of the Southern Ch'i, one might think of this as simply a name change of the Southern Ch'i.
		Using the name Liang Wu Ti, general Hsiao Yen was an able ruler but at his death in AD 549 at the age of 86, there was no able successor and Liang was thrown into anarchy.
	www.calgarycoin.com /reference/china/china3.htm (6836 words)

	Song Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Southern Song would then play the card of allying with the Mongols in destroying Jurchen Jin, and it even sent tens of thousands of carts of grain to the Mongol army in the besieging of the last Jurchen stronghold.
		As recorded in history, the three dynasties in between Posterior Liang and Posterior Zhou were of alien nature, founded by generals who belonged to a group of nomads called Shatuo (Sha'to, a Turkic tribe).
		Southern Tang army, claiming 150000, led by "jiedu-shi" (satrap or governor) Huangfu Hui and Yao Feng, overflowed the Qingliu-guan Pass.
	www.uglychinese.org /song.htm (8406 words)

	Shaolin's Fighting Monk Austin Texas
		Chih Shan, a great martial arts teacher, came to southern Fukien temple to oversee its clandestine operations and to establish systematic martial arts training that was quicker to learn, as the rebels had done in the northern temple.
		Southern China's most famous styles, such as Hung Gar, Choy Li Fut, and Wing Chun, came out of this scenario, and were used to fight the Manchu guards and assassinate political figures.
		Even so, around the 1800s, the monks began returning to the northern temple and slowly rebuilt it (the southern temple eventually went into disuse and its whereabouts were lost until their rediscovery very recently).
	www.taichitom.com /kungfu-history.html (6594 words)

	Encyclopedia: Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign
		Between 225 and 230, the Kingdom of Shu (a Chinese state that existed during the Three Kingdoms period) undertook a military campaign in its southern territories after incidents of rebellion by local governors (Zhu Bao, Gao Ding and Yong Kai) and intrusions by the Nanman ("southern barbarians").
		It is written that the seventh victory over the Nanman involved a cunning trap in which General Wei Yan lured The King of Wuguo, Wu Tu Gu (a general that Meng Huo was advised to join with), into a valley with mines set beneath the ground.
		Although a great victory, Zhuge Liang is said to have wept at the destruction when he viewed the valley.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Zhuge-Liang%27s-Southern-Campaign (576 words)

	A Chronology of World Political History (501 - 800 C.E.)
		Having defeated the [Southern] Liang army, Trieu Quang Phuc made himself King and established the Trieu Regime.
		Xiao Cha surrendered to [Western] Wei and was made King of Liang by [Western] Wei, thus establishing the [Later] Liang government in opposition to the [Southern] Liang government.
		Later the Zaid Sect split into the northern and southern branches, who were based in Iran and Yemen, respectively.
	www.geocities.com /kfzhouy/Chron/Chron4e.html (4843 words)

	Chih-i Biography / Biography of Chih-i Biography
		south · china · southern · the view · belief · mountains · sect · buddhist monk · enlightenment · chinese buddhism · ssu · buddhist schools · southeast china · southern capital · liang dynasty · chaotic period
		Chih-i's father was an adviser to the Emperor of the Liang dynasty (502-557).
		Chih-i was not in the southern capital very long before his lectures began to attract notice, even coming to the attention of the court.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-chih-i (530 words)

	JWSR v5n3 - David Wilkinson
		Southern Yüeh rebelled 112 BC, but was conquered, annexed, and further integrated into the empire 111 BC as a tributary protectorate.
		The Southern Huns served after 48 as a Han vassal and buffer, defending and supported by the Han garrison towns, and were well rewarded by Han embassies.
		Han's northern allies, the Southern Huns, Wuhuan and Sienbi, took advantage of floods and famine in the metropole to rebel in 109 but were defeated, the Huns and Wuhuan re-subjected, and the Sienbi driven off, in 110.
	jwsr.ucr.edu /archive/vol5/number3/wilkinson (12949 words)

	ChineseTraditional Art
		In both the Northern and Southern dynastic realms, Chinese belief in Buddhism and the concomitant efflorescence in image-making reached its pinnacle in the fifth to sixth centuries.
		From the end of the fifth century to the beginning of the sixth century, during the relatively stable southern Liang Dynasty (502-557), the Wu emperor Xiaoyan (r.
		However, there are relatively few excavated images from the Southern dynasties, except for the sculpures discovered in the remains of the Wanfo Temple in Chengdu and a few individual works, and textual evidence is scarce.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/scultpurePlastic/SculptureHistory/SculptureAmong/ChineseTraditionalArt/ChineseTraditionalArt.htm (1249 words)

	Asian Art and Architecture: Art & Design 382/582
		Thus we have a Northern Song period in which all of China was united under one indigenous (Han) rule from 960 to 1127, and then a Southern Song period, from 1127 to 1279, during which the Song ruled in the South and Mongols in the North.
		Though the Literal portrait style was formally a Chan style used in the most significant of Chan rituals, the master’s graduation of his student, an old an typical Indian social construction adapted by Buddhists, the spontaneous was a style attributed to Chan masters because it seems so clearly to exemplify their meditational and enlightening practices.
		Mu Qi was a monk, Liang Kai the other great Southern Song master of the Spontaneous style, though he frequented Buddhist temples, was not.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~tart/arth382/lecture20.html (2930 words)

	CHINESE PAINTING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Liang Kai began his career in the Academy but soon found the confining artistic and professional atmosphere there unsuited to his burgeoning talents.
		His idealized portrait of Li Po, the famous T'ang dynasty poet, is a masterpiece of the Ch'an style.
		In only about a dozen major brush strokes, Liang Kai has captured the essence of the Li Po persona in a work that exudes spontaneity, freshness of inspiration, brevity of statement, and a simplicity yet dynamic energy of execution.
	www.albany.edu /faculty/hartman/eac280/29.html (110 words)

	Chinese History - Sixteen Kingdoms map and geography (www.chinaknowledge.org) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some historians stress the importance of the battle of Feishui æ·æ°´ that is said to have stopped the southern advance of the Former Qin empire.
		The successor state of Former Qin, Later Qin å¾ç§¦, could defeat its neighbors, the Later Liang å¾æ¶¼ in the Gansu corridor, and the weak Western Yan è¥¿ç• that is usually not counted among the Sixteen Kingdoms.
		Later Liang å¾æ¶¼ crumbled into three different states (Western Liang è¥¿æ¶¼, Northern Liang å—æ¶¼ and Southern Liang å—æ¶¼), Northern Liang being the strongest.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Division/beichao-map.html (622 words)

	Diplomacy & commercial relationship - SN dynasties - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		Besides confrontation and warfare between the "north" and the "south" during the Southern and Northern Dynasties era, there were also periods of peaceful dealings between the two sides.
		In both northern and southern dynasties, the selection of envoys was a weighty decision.
		The arrival of an envoy of the (Southern) Liang Dynasty in Ye Cheng, capital of Eastern Wei, caused a sensation among the nobles and officials.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=2139 (991 words)

	Chinese History - Sixteen Kingdoms: Southern Liang (www.chinaknowledge.org)
		As a leader of the Xianbi é®®å‘ people, Tufa Wugu ç¦¿é«®çå¤ was able to break with the rulers of Later Liang (Houliang å¾æ¶¼) and proclaimed himself Great Chieftain (Dashanyu å¤§å—®äº) and King of Xiping è¥¿å¹³ç and Wuwei æ¦å¨ç.
		The political situation did not allow the Southern Liang rulers to exert steady and efficient politics.
		The name of the empire Liang æ¶¼ is derived from the prefecture Liangzhou æ¶¼å·.
	www.chinaknowledge.org /History/Division/rulers-nanliang.html (218 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - A Brief Timeline of Chinese History
		The southern part was most likely inhabited by people related to the native Taiwanese and the Polynesians.
		The Southern Sung was essentially the same dynasty as the Northern Sung, except with its capital moved south.
		In the end, the Southern Sung are most known for their resistance to and eventual conquest by the Mongols under Kublai Khan.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/getwriting/A2122507 (3293 words)

	Chinese history:The Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD)
		The Song Dynasty established by Liu Yu and the three successive dynasties of Southern Qi, Liang and Chen are known as the Southern Dynasties.
		During the Sixteen States period, the Former Liang and the Northern Liang were the Buddhist centers in the north.
		The Southern Dynasties laid greater claim to fame in literature and historical studies than did the Northern Dynasties.
	www.chinavoc.com /history/southandnorth.htm (388 words)

	War between Tang and Turks - History Forum
		Xiao Yu, younger brother of the empress, who was descendant of former southern Liang suggested that a secret message be sent to princess I Cheng.
		Liu Wu Zhou and Liang Shi Tu recieved his assistance; a fugitive Sui prince was acknowledged as emperor by the Tu Jue.
		In the Chinese sources, there is a record that the Tu Jue joined in a raid with the Tibetans on a large scale successful raid on Liang Zhou, which is on the Gansu corridor, I suppose this was the campaign.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=1492&hl=tujue (3477 words)

	Chinese History - Northern Dynasties maps and geography (www.chinaknowledge.org)
		The political disruptures of these years were a phase of international peace for the southern Liang Dynasty æ¢.
		With the Liang Dynasty in the south disintegrating, the lacking central power gave the two new northern dynasties of Northern Zhou (Beizhou å—å‘¨) and Northern Qi (Beiqi å—é½) the chance to conquer vast territories of the south, down to the Yangtse River é•·æ± and the whole area of modern Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.
		In the region of Jiangling æ±éµ (modern Shashi æ²å¸/Hubei) was the small territory of the last rulers of the Liang Dynasty, called Later Liang (Houliang å¾æ¢; don't be confused with the Later Liang of the Five Dynasties).
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Division/beiwei-map.html (496 words)

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