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Topic: Southern Taurids

	Taurids - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Taurids are an annual meteor shower associated with the comet Encke.
		Encke and the Taurids are believed to be remnants of a much larger comet, which has disintegrated over the past 20,000 to 30,000 years, breaking into several pieces and releasing material by normal cometary activity or perhaps occasionally by close encounters with the gravitational field of Earth or other planets (Whipple, 1940; Klačka, 1999).
		The Beta Taurids, encountered by the Earth in June/July and which many astronomers consider the cause of the Tunguska event, are also a cross section of the stream.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Taurid_meteor_shower (692 words)

	C&MS: The Taurids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The radiant's daily motion is +0.78 deg in RA and +0.19 deg in DEC. The Southern Taurids are active during September 17 to November 27.
		Although the Southern Taurids were rarely detected during the remainder of the 19th century, the Northern Taurids were frequently observed, but there was one problem--no one was recognizing that an annual shower was being observed from the Taurus region in early November.
		Also, the radio Taurids appearing on the same day as the bright photographic Taurids have their radiants, on an average, shifted eastward." Sekanina said the most notable difference in the orbital elements was in the longitude of perihelion, which varied from the photographic orbits by nearly 10 deg.
	comets.amsmeteors.org /meteors/showers/taurids.html (3023 words)

	Space Now
		After this the Southern Taurids were rarely detected during the remainder of the 19th century, with the Northern Taurids frequently observed.
		During the 1950’s research focused on the source of the Taurids, astronomers from the Harvard Observatory concluded that the semi-major axis, eccentricity and longitude of perihelion all pointed to an association with the periodic comet Encke.
		The Taurids took on a new importance in 1978 when it was suggested the Taurid parent body, Comet Encke, might be related to the Tunguska object of 1908.
	www.spacenow.org.uk /index.cfm?code=whatsup&introarticle=107 (821 words)

	SPA Meteor Section - Annual Review 1999
		Any meteor observers travelling to the southern hemisphere in late February to late March should be aware of it though, since low rates of swift meteors are quite possible, especially near its suspected maximum on March 13 (peak ZHR ~8).
		Northern Taurids seemed more prevalent on November 2-3 and 8-9, the Southern Taurids more obvious around November 6-7 and 9-10, but the difference was marginal.
		From October-November observations, corrected mean magnitudes for the Southern and Northern Taurids were +3.5 and +3.1 respectively, with the November sporadics' value derived as +3.3.
	www.popastro.com /sections/meteor/rev99.htm (5273 words)

	speleogenesis.net :: Kuzgun Cave and its Context (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Elongated fragments of gentle-sloping surfaces, probably the remnants of a pre-glacial levelling karst surface, can be distinguished along many ridges, at their southern flanks (Photo 07b and Photo 07c).
		In the north-east of Aladaglar and in its southern flank, this type of karst is immediately adjacent to the retreating cover of ophiolitic mélange (Photo 14) and Miocene conglomerates.
		The high-altitude part of Aladaglar is assumed to be the main recharge areas of karst hydrologic systems that discharge as large springs at the foot of the massif (Photo 15, Photo 16).
	www.speleogenesis.info /spotlights/kuzgun.php (3637 words)

	CloudyNight's forums: Taurids lame?
		Well, there are two Taurid showers, one (southern) peaking on November 4th and the second (northern, the stronger of the two) on the 13th.
		The shower duration in both northern and southern Taurids is 30 days so they tend to show at least a few meteors from late October nearly to the end of November.
		The southern Taurid shower has a peak ZHR (Zenith Hourly Rate) of around 10 meteors per hour, while the northern one has a ZHR of 15 per hour or so.
	www.cloudynights.com /ubbthreads/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/247015/Main/245888 (349 words)

	SPA Meteor Section
		The Southern δ Aquarids are the strongest of all the summer Aquarid/Capricornid showers, but none are too well seen from the UK, as their radiants are south of the celestial equator.
		The Southern and Northern Taurids are both associated with weakly-active Comet 2P/Encke, which has the shortest orbital period of any comet known (3.3 years).
		The two showers give low rates, but occasional fireballs spice up their prospects, and these can be especially prevalent in late October to early November (largely moonless, and a prediction is in force for potentially enhanced activity before the usual peaks).
	www.popastro.com /sections/meteor/showers.htm (1336 words)

	IMO Meteor Shower Calendar 2005
		Taurids in October-November are Moon-free, in a potential Taurid Complex meteoroid `swarm' return year.
		The α-Centaurids are one of the main southern hemisphere high points in the opening months of the year, producing many very bright, even fireball-class, objects (meteors of at least magnitude -3).
		Lunar circumstances for southern hemisphere watchers are quite good, with a waxing crescent Moon setting half an hour either side of local midnight in most mid-southern locations on December 6, while the radiant culminates at dusk, remaining well on view for most of the night.
	www.serve.com /~wh6ef/imo-mirror/calendar/cal05.html (6611 words)

	Meteors, Meteorites and Meteoroids.
		The date shown for each shower is the approxomate date of the peak, but most of the showers extend before and after that by about two weeks.
		Some showers on the other hand are only visable for a short amount of time (such as the Leonids - November 15 -November 25) and others have a very large span (such as the Northern Taurids September 19 - November 30).
		For instance the Perseids of August have many meteors that explode and my leave "trains" which are trails of smoke that can be seen for a few minutes afterwards and the Taurids of November have many bright fireballs 3 days after the maximum.
	www.hubbletelescope.btinternet.co.uk /meteors.shtml (747 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Further work of this sort will no doubt be beneficial to our understanding of the Taurids, and the brightness of many shower members coupled with their low relative velocity makes them ideal targets for photography.
		This steady activity and slow apparent speed means that these are excellent showers for newcomers to practice their visual meteor plotting techniques on, choosing areas of sky some 20deg--30deg east or west of the radiants.
		This year, lunar conditions are especially conducive to watching the Southern Taurid peak, with New Moon on November 3.
	weber.ucg.ie /mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/dx/text/lists/mcal94.txt (2176 words)

	CometCircular2005-2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The event will not be visible from southern Africa, where it will be daytime, and our first opportunity to see if the impact has had any visible effect will be as darkness falls later on that evening of July 4.
		The Southern Taurids in November are part of a complex set of ecliptic showers which starts with the Southern Arietids, Northern and Southern Piscids, moving to the Northern and Southern Taurids, and then the Northern and Southern chi Orionids in December.
		This complex has its highest rates (about 5/hr) at the time of the Southern Taurids, but in reality there is probably no real defined maximum, and the peak rate probably 'floats' along the activity profile from year to year.
	www.saao.ac.za /assa/html/cometcircular2005-2.html (1114 words)

	Meteor Activity Outlook Sept. 29 - Oct. 5, 2000
		The Northern Taurids are located at 1:28 (022) +11 while the Southern Taurids are located at 1:36 (023) +05.
		From the Southern Hemisphere this source would be much lower in the sky and only producing 1-2 meteors per hour.
		The Southern Apex source lies exactly 30 degrees south of its northern counterpart at 06:32 (098) +08.
	www.spaceweather.com /meteoroutlook/29sep00.html (650 words)

	Taurid Complex
		Thus although the name "Taurids" refers to a nighttime meteor shower seen in the northern autumn, the shower in fact has two separate branches, Northern and Southern Taurids, radiating from north and south of the ecliptic.
		Particles are at different points in their precession cycles, i.e., the orbits have been twisted around (by the gravitational perturbations of the planets) to have different orientations in 3-dimensional space, so that they approach the Earth from north or south of the ecliptic.
		The northern and southern branches are respectively the zeta Perseids and the beta Taurids, these meteors being detectable by radio meteor methods during daytime in the northern summer.
	star.arm.ac.uk /~aac/zetataur.html (695 words)

	IMO Meteor Shower Calendar 2002 \| International Meteor Organization
		The alpha-Centaurids are one of the main southern hemisphere high points in the opening months of the year, producing many very bright, even fireball-class, objects (meteors of at least magnitude -3).
		There is the possibility of a return of the Taurid meteoroid "swarm" during June 2002 according to work done by David Asher, which may be detected as an increased radio meteor flux during the zeta-Perseids or the beta-Taurids, both of which are probably associated with the Taurid Complex of meteor showers, asteroids and comets.
		Observing conditions this year are almost perfect for all southern hemisphere watchers, with a two-day old Moon setting soon after dark on December 6, while the radiant culminates at dusk, remaining well on view for most of the night.
	www.imo.net /calendar/cal02.html (6870 words)

	Skywatch November 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		During a typical Taurid shower, observers from dark locations report an average of 8 to 10 meteors per hour.
		The Taurids are visible throughout the first half of November and last all night.
		In contrast to the Taurids, the Leonids are the fastest meteors associated with a regular shower.
	www.dudleyobservatory.org /SkywatchLines/Skywatch2001/skywatch_11_2001n.htm (5733 words)

	C&MS: The Autumn Arietids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The authors expressed their opinion that the October Arietids might form a continuous stream with the southern Taurids, though they suggested further studies would be needed to clarify the situation.
		The use of radar equipment came of age during the 1950's, but, despite numerous observations of the Taurids, the equipment was not yet sensitive enough to separate diffuse radiants close together.
		Most of this neglect is probably due to the Southern Taurid stream which moves through a region of the sky a few degrees to the southwest.
	comets.amsmeteors.org /meteors/showers/autumn_arietids.html (893 words)

	november astronomy calendar
		Nov 03 - Taurids Meteor Shower Peak The shower is created by the dust trail of Comet 2P/Encke.
		Taurids Meteor Shower Peak on the 3rd.The shower is created by the dust trail of Comet 2P/Encke.
		Both have fairly slow meteors, with the northern Taurids velocity at 29 km per second, and the southern at 27 km per second.
	www.geocities.com /amigarana/nov04.html (3267 words)

	AMS Meteor Showers page
		The last half of July has rates increasing steadily as the Southern Delta Aquarids (July 27/28) and Alpha Capricornids (July 30 - August 1) have maxima at month's end.
		The Taurids (max: November 5/6 for S. Taurids, November 11/12 for N. Taurids), active for two months, are most numerous in November's first half, and can be rather variable in strength.
		This period is the best for a couple of Taurid fireballs each night, if the shower is not too weak.
	www.amsmeteors.org /showers.html (1486 words)

	IMO Meteor Shower Calendar '97 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The alpha-Centaurids are one of the main southern hemisphere high points in the opening months of the year, producing many very bright, even fireball- class objects (meteors of at least magnitude -3).
		Ecliptical minor shower activity reaches what might be regarded as a peak in early to mid November, with the Taurid streams in action, but before then we have the Orionids (whose central peak of several submaxima, October 21d 07h UT, is badly affected by a waning gibbous Moon, as are the minor epsilon-Geminids).
		New Moon on October 31 means this period, and the Southern Taurid maximum are notably favoured with dark skies in 1997.
	www.serve.com /wh6ef/imo-mirror/calendar/cal97.html (4654 words)

	Astronomy - Meteors and meteor showers - Francis Reddy
		This shower is best for observers in the Southern Hemisphere, where the hourly rate climbs to about 50.
		The meteors are among the fastest (42 miles [67 km] per second) and are faint on average, but the brighter ones have a yellowish color; about 30 percent leave trains.
		This is the most active of a diffuse group of streams and, as the name suggests, is best seen in the Southern Hemisphere.
	www.astronomy.com /asy/default.aspx?c=ss&id=77 (2138 words)

	November 2002 NAMN Notes co-written by Mark Davis and Cathy Hall
		The southern Taurids (STA) reach a maximum on November 5th, with a radiant at 052 degrees, ie.
		Like the southern Taurids, a ZHR rate of about 5 meteors per hour can be seen.
		Both the southern and northern Taurids are part of the Taurid stream which in turn has been associated with Comet Encke.
	www.spacehike.com /namnnovember.html (5176 words)

	A.L.P.O. METEORS SECTION - OBSERVING ALERT PAGE
		Unfortunately most showers are best seen only during the early morning hours.
		Radiants with a positive declination are better seen from the Northern Hemisphere while those with minus declinations are better seen from the Southern Hemisphere.
		The radiant drift is the daily motion in minutes eastward in right ascension and either north or south in tenths of a degree for delcination.
	www.lpl.arizona.edu /~rhill/alpo/meteorstuff/metshwr.html (255 words)

	ACT November 2001 Newsletter
		The southern Taurids (STA) reach a maximum on November 5th, with a radiant at 052 degrees, ie RA 3h 28.2m, Dec +13, which is about a degree to the right of the star 5 Tauri on a star atlas.
		The northern Taurids (NTA) reach a maximum on November 12th, with a radiant at 058 degrees, ie RA 3h 52.2m, Dec +22, which is about 2 degrees down to the left of the Pleiades star cluster.
		A map of the northern and southern Taurid radiants can be found in the IMO calendar for 2002, at http://www.imo.net/calendar/cal02.html#Taurids.
	www.astrotulsa.com /Archive/ACT_News-Nov2001.htm (7369 words)

	Meteor Shower Promises Seven Shooting Stars an Hour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Their name derives from the fact that the Taurids appear to radiate from the constellation Taurus the Bull.
		A gap of a few centuries separates the era of intensity between Northern Taurids and Southern Taurids.
		Astronomers believe the source of the Taurid meteor stream was a giant comet that has since dissipated.
	www.ngnews.com /news/2003/11/1107_031107_taurids_2.html (437 words)

	Redding: Outdoors Columnists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Because meteor showers are named after the constellation from which the meteors appear to radiate from they are called the Southern Taurids and the Northern Taurids.
		However the Leonids are some of the fastest meteors, traveling at an orbital speed of 160,000 mph and are brighter than the Taurids, which have an orbital speed of 60,000 mph.
		Telescopes and binoculars are not needed to enjoy a meteor shower, just find a dark, open space away from city lights, dress comfortably and relax in a sleeping bag or lawn chair and enjoy the show.
	www.redding.com /redd/od_columnists/article/0,2232,REDD_17547_4198769,00.html (603 words)

	Newsletter 237: October 15th to November 15th 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		At this time of night the southern sky will be dominated by the well known Autumn constellations.
		The first constellation to be seen in the southern sky will be Pegasus the flying horse, while just to the east of it will lie Andromeda, with that superb galaxy M31.
		Taurids: The Taurid meteor shower is visible from October 1st through to November 25th, with two separate maxima (called the Southern Taurids and the Northern Taurids), that take place on November 5th and 12th respectively.
	members.aol.com /idas2001/oct01.htm (3104 words)

	Newsletter- Nehru Centre
		This open cluster of about two hundred stars is only 150 light years away, and is about 600 million years old.
		From October the 12th till December the 2nd the northern branch of the Taurids can be seen.
		The Beta Taurids are one of the daylight showers, occurring on June 5th and lasting till July 18th.
	www.nehrucentremumbai.com /newsletter/February03/zodiac_sign.htm (947 words)

	International Meteor Organization 1993 Meteor Shower Calendar compiled by Alastair McBeath
		The shower cannot be seen properly from the southern hemisphere.
		This steady activity and slow apparent speed means that these are excellent showers for newcomers to practice their visual meteor plotting techniques on, choosing areas of sky some 20deg -- 30deg east or west of the radiants.
		This year, lunar conditions are especially conducive to watching the Northern Taurid peak, with New Moon on November 13.
	www.skepticfiles.org /skep2/meteors.htm (2179 words)

	Cloudbait Observatory - November 16, 2004 Fireball
		This is quite far from the radiants of the northern or southern Taurids, minor showers that are active at this time.
		Initially it appeared this might be a Taurid, but I no longer believe this to be the case.
		The radiant is very close to that of another shower, the northern Chi Orionids.
	www.cloudbait.com /science/fireball20041116.html (338 words)

	(meteorobs) Meteor Activity Outlook for November 5-11, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Northern Hemisphere and six for those in the Southern Hemisphere.
		in the Southern Hemisphere have an advantage viewing this shower as the
		The Southern Apex source lies exactly 30 degrees south of its northern
	lists.meteorobs.org /pipermail/meteorobs/2004-November/001341.html (1359 words)

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