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Topic: Southwestern Brythonic language

	Brythonic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brythonic languages were then spoken at least in the whole of Great Britain south of the rivers Forth and Clyde, presumably also including the Isle of Man.
		The Brythonic languages spoken in Scotland, the Isle of Man and England began to be displaced in the 5th century through the influence of Irish, Norse and Germanic invaders.
		The displacement of the languages of Brythonic descent was probably complete in all of this territory (except Cornwall) by the 11th century (date of extinction in various parts of the territory is debated).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brythonic_languages (927 words)

	Brythonic languages - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Cornish language died out at the end of the eighteenth century, but was successfully revived in the twentieth.
		The modern Brythonic languages all derive from a common ancestral language termed Common Brythonic, Old Brythonic or Proto-Brythonic, which is thought to have developed from the proto-Celtic language which was introduced to Britain from the middle second millennium BC (Hawkes, 1973).
		The Brythonic languages spoken in Scotland, the Isle of Man and England were displaced at the same time by Goidelic and Old English speaking invaders.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Brythonic (875 words)

	Celtic languages - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic", a branch of the greater Indo-European language family.
		Today, Celtic languages are now limited to a few areas in the British Isles, eastern Canada, Patagonia, scattered groups in the United States and Australia, and on the peninsula of Brittany in France.
		Within the Indo-European family, the Celtic languages have sometimes been placed with the Italic languages in a common Italo-Celtic subfamily, a hypothesis that is now largely discarded, in favour of the assumption of language contact between pre-Celtic and pre-Italic communities.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Celtic_languages (1037 words)

	Southwestern Brythonic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Southwestern Brythonic is one of two dialects into which the Brythonic language split following the Battle of Deorham in A.D., the other being Western Brythonic, which later evolved into Welsh and Cumbric.
		It is the common ancestor of Cornish and Breton, which in the opinion of some (such as Schrijver) did not become distinct before the 12th century, the terms "Old Cornish" and "Old Breton" being geographical rather than linguistic.
		Other significant differences are found in Welsh innovations that Southwestern Brythonic did not participate in, such as the development of the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative /ɬ/.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Southwestern_Brythonic (269 words)

	Brythonic languages FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Also notable are the extinct language Cumbric, and possibly the extinct Pictish (although the late argued during the, from some of the few remaining examples of Pictish, that Pictish was a non- language, the majority of modern scholars of Pictish do not agree).
		The modern Brythonic languages all derive from a common ancestral language termed ''British'', ''Common Brythonic'', ''Old Brythonic'' or ''Proto-Brythonic'', which is thought to have developed from the which was introduced to from the middle second millennium BC (Hawkes, 1973).
		Brythonic languages were then spoken at least in the whole of Great Britain south of the rivers Forth and Clyde, presumably also including the.
	www.referencelive.com /en/Brythonic_languages (902 words)

	D peee.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg), not to be confused with Welsh English (the English language as spoken in Wales), is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic spoken natively in Wales (Cymru), and in the Chubut Valley, a Welsh immigrant colony in the Patagonia region of Argentina.
		Although Welsh is a minority language, and thus threatened by the dominance of English, support for the language grew during the second half of the 20th century, along with the rise of nationalist political organisations such as the political party Plaid Cymru and Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (the Welsh Language Society).
		The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic", spoken by ancient and modern Celts alike.
	www.peee.org /en/D (12273 words)

	French language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		For the history of the French language, the most important of these groups are the Franks in northern France, the Alemanni in the German/French border, the Burgundians in the Rhone valley and the Visigoths in the Aquitaine region and Spain.
		Their language was a dialect of the Brythonic languages, which has been named Breton in more recent centuries.
		The earliest extant text in French is the Oaths of Strasbourg from 842; Old French became a literary language with the chansons de geste that told tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and the heroes of the Crusades.
	www.educhy.com /index.php/French_(language) (3689 words)

	Chapter Five Language
		During the 300-year period that French was the official language of England, the Germanic language used by the common people and the French used by the leaders mingled to form a new language.
		A language group is a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past.
		The Altaic languages are spoken across an 8,000-kilometer (5,000-mile) band of Asia between Turkey on the west and Mongolia and China on the east.
	www.smes.org /classes/parker/chapter_five_language.htm (4920 words)

	French language
		Modern linguists typically divide the languages spoken in medieval France into three geographical subgroups: Langue d'oïl and Langue d'oc are the two major groups; the third group, Franco-Provençal, displays features in common with both other groups, without belonging to either.
		The Romance language group in the north of France is that of the langue d'oïl, the languages which use oïl (in modern usage, oui) for "yes".
		It is the official language of the principality of Monaco.
	www.savage-comedy.com /_French_language (3853 words)

	celtlang
		The Goidelic and Brythonic groups of Celtic languages differ in that Goidelic preserves the velar element of the Indo-European labiovelar "qu" sound (later written "c"), whereas Brythonic renders this sound as "p".
		The rules of pronunciation in all the Celtic languages are extremely complicated; the spelling generally does not correspond to the pronunciation, and initial consonants change according to the final sound of the preceding word.
		It is cheifly spoken in the western and southwestern parts of the Republic of Ireland, where it is an official language, and to some extent in Northern Ireland.
	www.geocities.com /rix_52bc/celtlang.html (845 words)

	Celtic Languages
		The Insular languages fall into two groups: the Brythonic (or British), including Breton, Cornish, and Welsh; and the Gaelic (or Goidelic), including Irish, Scottish Gaelic (or Erse), and Manx.The characteristic of Celtic languages that most distinguishes them from other Indo-European linguistic groups is their loss of the original Indo-European sound p.
		It is spoken chiefly in the western and southwestern parts of the Republic of Ireland, where it is an official language, and in Northern Ireland.
		Manx, the language of the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea is classified as a dialect of Scottish Gaelic, with strong Norse influence.
	www.celticgrounds.com /chapters/c-language.htm (328 words)

	French 101 > French Language > History
		Linguists typically divide the languages spoken in medieval France into three geographical subgroups: Langue d'oïl and Langue d'oc are the two major groups; the third group, Franco-Provençal, is considered a transitional language between the two other groups.
		Langue d'oïl, the languages which use oïl (in modern usage, oui) for "yes", is the language group in the north of France.
		The foundation still exists and contributes to the policing of the language and the adaptation of foreign words and expressions.
	www.101languages.net /french/history.html (1213 words)

	Celtic language
		They brought their Brythonic language with them, which evolved into Breton ;— which is still partially intelligible with Modern Welsh and Cornish.
		When referring only to the modern Celtic languages, "Q-Celtic" and "P-Celtic" may be taken as synonymous with Goidelic and Brythonic, respectively (although this terminology usually implies acceptance of the overall Q-Celtic/P-Celtic hypothesis).
		Within the Indo-European family, the Celtic languages have sometimes been placed with the Italic languages in a common Italo-Celtic subfamily, a hypothesis that is now largely obsolete.
	www.savage-comedy.com /_Celtic_language (1070 words)

	Celtic Attic: Celts facts and fiction - Gaelic Language
		The language of the Isle of Man is classed as a dialect of Scottish Gaelic, with strong Norse influence.
		Welsh, called Cymraeg or Cymric by its speakers, is the native language of Wales and the most flourishing of the Celtic languages.
		Organizations such as the Society for the Welsh Language have saved the language from dying out and are working to assure its official status along with English.
	www.celticattic.com /contact_us/the_celts/gaelic_language.htm (696 words)

	Language Reference Page
		The current languages are mostly those used for my doctoral work, but I intend to continue adding languages as I have time and as I find good sources of text in electronic form.
		AngloSaxon is an Indo-European, Germanic language, (one of) the ancestor(s) of Modern English.
		Klingon is a language that was developed for the Star Trek series of movies, and is now used by a small but enthusiastic group of fans.
	complingone.georgetown.edu /~langid/ref_langs.html (2141 words)

	gaeilge
		Irish Gaelic is the official language of Ireland.
		Irish Gaelic is the oldest of the Gaelic languages.
		There are two types of Celtic languages: Brythonic and Gaelic.) The oldest evidence of Irish Gaelic being used exists in the ogham inscriptions, located on about 370 gravestones found in southwestern Ireland and Wales.
	www.geocities.com /TimesSquare/Chasm/6242/gaeilge.htm (515 words)

	Celtic Languages - missgien.net
		Originally a highly inflected language, Irish retains essentially two noun cases, nominative and genitive, with the dative surviving in the singular of feminine nouns; the language has only two verb tenses in the indicative mood.
		It is chiefly spoken in the western and southwestern parts of the Republic of Ireland, where it is an official language, and to some extent in Northern Ireland.
		A form of Gaelic was brought to Scotland by Irish invaders about the 5th century, where it replaced an older Brythonic language.
	www.xs4all.nl /~missgien/celtic/irish.html (397 words)

	celtic languages (summary) < eclectic content < lyberty.com
		Celtic languages are a subfamily of the Indo-European language family.
		The characteristic of Celtic languages that most distinguishes them from other Indo-European linguistic groups is their loss of the original Indo-European sound p.
		Manx, the language of the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea is classed as a dialect of Scottish Gaelic, with strong Norse influence.
	www.lyberty.com /encyc/articles/celt_lang.html (347 words)

	The Irish Lion® Restaurant & Pub. Specializing in Authentic Irish Food & Drink.
		The State's first official language is Gaelic, colloquially known as Irish, although English is spoken as a first language by the majority of the population.
		Irish or Irish Gaelic is among the Celtic languages, which are a subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
		This could be partially due the success of language course run in the Gaeltacht and the strength of broadcast media in the language.
	www.irishlion.com /language.html (491 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		On linguistic grounds the Insular languages fall into two groups: the Brythonic (or British), including Breton, Cornish, and Welsh; and the Goidelic (or Gaelic), including Irish, Scottish Gaelic (or Erse), and Manx.
		Like some non–Indo-European languages they use verbal nouns instead of present participles, always begin sentences with the verb, and express agency by means of the impersonal passive.
		Welsh, called Cymraeg or Cymric (from Cymru, “Wales”) by its speakers, is the native language of Wales and the most flourishing of the Celtic languages.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=205083#FWNE.fw..ce080800.a.c10 (1113 words)

	Brythonic languages - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Brythonic languages - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The modern Brythonic languages all derive from a common ancestral language termed British, Common Brythonic, Old Brythonic or Proto-Brythonic, which is thought to have developed from the Proto-Celtic language which was introduced to Britain from the middle second millennium BC (Hawkes, 1973).
		Others reflect the presence of Brythons, such as Dumbarton.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/b/r/y/Brythonic_languages.html (841 words)

	FREUMH À TALAMH TIORAM
		Brythonic survived in the extreme south-west (Devon and Cornwall), in Wales with Monmouth and West Hereford -- and in the far northwest (North Lancashire, Westmorland, Cumberland).
		This language appears to be close to Welsh, and seems to have survived as a spoken language into the tenth century.
		The language was prevalent in the Kingdom of Rheged on both sides of the Solway until the seventh century, and also in Strathclyde.
	homepage.mac.com /macfhionn/FREUMH/FeallsanachdDiadhaireachd/FNLee/Cumbria.html (20414 words)

	Celtic League, American Branch: Celtic Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A common literary language was used in Gaelic Scotland and Ireland until the 17th Century.
		Today Breton is spoken west of a line extending from St-Brieuc to Vannes; to the east of that the native language is Gallo, a Romance dialect related to Norman-French (although even in eastern Brittany nationalists have adopted Breton as their national language).
		The forced imposition of the Anglican Reformation and of English as the language of liturgy prompted a Cornish rebellion against the central government that was quickly suppressed and led to an even greater intolerance of local particularisms.
	www.celticleague.org /languages.html (2940 words)

	Celtic Callings - Celtic Traditions - Celt Language
		Manx: The language of the Isle of Man is classed as a dialect of Scottish Gaelic, with strong Norse influence.
		Cornish: Once the language of Cornwall, Cornish has been extinct since the late 18th century, despite recent efforts to revive it.
		Welsh: Welsh, called Cymraeg or Cymric by its speakers, is the native language of Wales and the most flourishing of the Celtic languages.
	www.celticcallings.com /resources/celtic_traditions/celt_language.htm (703 words)

	Articles - Celtic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		*Brythonic (also called Brittonic), including Welsh, Breton, Cornish, Cumbric, the hypothetical Ivernic, and Pictish.
		The early Celts are commonly associated with the archaeological Urnfield culture, the La TÃ¨ne culture, and the Hallstatt culture.
		The proponents of the Insular Celtic hypothesis point to other shared innovations among Insular Celtic languages, including inflected prepositions, VSO word order, and the lenition of intervocalic, a nasalized voiced bilabial fricative (an extremely rare sound).
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/Celtic_languages (917 words)

	Linguicide in France -Another endangered Celtic language - Indymedia Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is the everyday language of an estimated 250,000 people in Brittany, the far western peninsula of France.
		The Breton language is no longer forbidden in schools or hidden totally from public view, but France continues to withhold the resources necessary for its development as a healthy living language.
		Clearly the Breton language possesses an unhealthy age pyramid in it's demographic composition and the annual attrition rate of lost speakers as the elderly pass away is not being matched by comparable numbers of new learners in the younger age groups.
	www.indymedia.ie /article/6727 (1152 words)

	Celtic languages Biography,info
		When the Anglo-Saxons moved into Great Britain, some of the native Brythons or "Welsh" (from a Germanic word for "Romanised foreigners") fled across the English Channel and landed in Brittany.
		See Katherine Forsyth's "Language in Pictland : the case against 'non-Indo-European Pictish'" Etext (pdf file).
		Brythonic: Breton ;· Cornish ;· British† · Cumbric ;· Ivernic† · Pictish† · Welsh
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Celtic_language (1050 words)

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