Southwestern Mandarin

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Topic: Southwestern Mandarin

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	Mandarin dialects - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mandarin, when used in the broad sense to refer to most of the Chinese dialects spoken over northern and southwestern China, covers many variations.
		This is a stereotypical feature of southwestern Mandarin, since it is so easily noticeable.
		For example, the Mandarin spoken in Taiwan by students who speak Taiwanese (a dialect of Southern Min) or Hakka as their mother tongue is usually spoken with a grammar and accent that renders it different from the Kuoyu standard, creating a version of Mandarin commonly known as Taiwanese Mandarin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dialects_of_Mandarin (1975 words)

	Mandarin language resources
		The phonology of Standard Mandarin is based on that of the Beijing dialect, which belongs to Mandarin, a large and very diverse group of Chinese dialects spoken across northern and southwestern China...
		Mandarin was originally the language spoken by Chinese officials, most of whom came from Beijing.
		Mandarin Baptist Church is a body of Christians who believe in winning the lost and growing the saved.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Mandarin.html (1356 words)

	Standard Mandarin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The phonology of Standard Mandarin is based on that of the Beijing dialect, which belongs to Mandarin, a large and very diverse group of Chinese dialects spoken across northern and southwestern China.
		Curiously the use of standard Mandarin in the 20th century has supplanted the use of pidgin English which was used as a common language in some parts of southern China in the 18th and 19th century.
		The grammar of Standard Mandarin is standardized to the body of modern works written in Vernacular Chinese, which in practice follows the tradition of the Mandarin group of dialects most closely with some notable exceptions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_Mandarin (1356 words)

	May - The Sino-Tibetan and Tai-Kadai language families
		- The term "Mandarin" refers to a group of Chinese dialects spoken in most of northern and southwestern China...
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/may (209 words)

	Chinese (Mandarin)
		The phonology of Standard Mandarin is based on that of the Beijing dialect, which belongs to Mandarin, a large and very diverse group of Chinese dialects spoken across northern and southwestern China.
		The grammar of Standard Mandarin is standardized to the body of modern works written in Vernacular Chinese, which in practice follows the tradition of the Mandarin group of dialects most closely with some notable exceptions.
		As a result, Standard Mandarin itself is usually called "Mandarin" in non-academic, everyday usage in the West.
	shopping.netsuite.com /s.nl/c.440887/sc.12/category.316/.f (161 words)

	VTrain (Vocabulary Trainer) --- Education Database
		The most important group of spoken dialects is Mandarin, which comprises dialects spoken in northern and southwestern China.
		Note that this is not always the case when it comes to texts written in a colloquial register (in particular, written colloquial Cantonese is largely unreadable for speakers of Mandarin).
		Today, most educated people in the P.R. of China and in Taiwan speak Mandarin, at least as a second language.
	www.paul-raedle.de /vtrain/db-zh-info.htm (226 words)

	Hubei - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		People in Hubei speak Mandarin dialects; most of these dialects are classified as Southwestern Mandarin dialects, a group that also encompasses the Mandarin dialects of most of southwestern China.
		A considerable Miao and Tujia population live in the southwestern part of the province, especially in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.
		Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (恩施土家族苗族自治州 Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu)
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Hubei (226 words)

	Bambooweb: Putonghua
		Putonghua is based on Beijing dialect, which comes under the category of Beifanghua, a group of Chinese dialects spoken across northern and southwestern China.
		Both Putonghua and Beifanghua are translated as "Mandarin" into English.
		BambooWeb's article on Beifanghua is located at Mandarin.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/p/u/Putonghua.html (226 words)

	Bambooweb: Guoyu
		Guoyu is based on Beijing dialect, which comes under the category of Beifanghua, a group of Chinese dialects spoken across northern and southwestern China.
		Both Guoyu and Beifanghua (as well as Putonghua) are translated as "Mandarin" into English.
		The word "Mandarin" here refers to Beifanghua, not Guoyu or Putonghua.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/g/u/Guoyu.html (226 words)

	Untitled Document
		Most Chinese speak one of the Mandarin dialects, which are largely mutually intelligible.
		The Hakka (Kejia) languages are spoken in Guangdong, southwestern Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hainan, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, many overseas Chinese communities, and in pockets throughout Southeast Asia.
		Chinese has seven major language groups of which the Mandarin language group forms the largest group.
	www.chinalanguage.com /Language/chinese.html (1461 words)

	lineamenta
		Most of the 12 million minority group members in the southwestern province are scattered across vast and remote mountainous areas.
		KUNMING, China (UCAN) -- With some 25 ethnic minority groups comprising a third of the population of Yunnan province in southwestern China, priests see minority-language Bibles and catechetical materials as essential for mission.
		The national language, Mandarin, is taught in schools, but local languages are used more commonly in daily life, and are the only means of communication for those who receive little or no education, not an uncommon situation.
	www.ucanews.com /~ucasian/our/ch9962.htm (1461 words)

	Phrasebase - Puyi Language Facts And Information
		The name 'Quinnan hua' (Quinnan speech) also refers to a dialect of southwestern Mandarin spoken in Guizhou, and should not be confused with Qiannan Bouyei.
		SVO; modifiers fllow heads; highly monosyllabic in native vocabulary; 6 tone categories in open syllables and 4 (split of 2 categories according to vowel length) in closed syllables; loans from local Mandarin.
		All Bouyei seem to understand the Buzmaadt dialect.
	www.phrasebase.com /languages/index.php?cat=225 (1461 words)

	China Travel Tips: Chinese Language
		Putonghua is variously referred to as the "Han language" (hanyu), "Mandarin", or simply Chinese.
		About two-thirds of the Han people are native speakers of Putonghua, while Han people who come from the southwestern and southeastern sections of China often speak Putonghua as well as their own dialects, such as Shanghaiese and Cantonese.
		The language spoken in Beijing is often referred to as Mandarin or Putonghua.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /essential/language.htm (1461 words)

	Symbols of Ehime Prefecture, Japan: The official flag, flower, bird and more (GeoSymbols)
		The Profile of Ehime website reports, “Japanese otters which live mainly in the southwestern part of Shikoku, are designated by the national government as one of the special natural monuments.
		A leading producer of mandarin oranges, Ehime followed Florida’s lead by declaring the blossom of the Satsuma mandarin orange its official flower.
		The Japanese robin is the official bird of Ehime and Nara prefectures.
	www.geosymbols.org /world/eur/jpn/ehi (321 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		In the broad sense, Mandarin translates for Beifanghua (literally "Northern speech"), which is a broad category comprising the many mutually related dialects of Chinese speech spoken as the home language in most of northern and southwestern China, and the basis for Putonghua and Guoyu.
		Putonghua and Guoyu will be referred to using their Chinese terms, or with the term "standardized Mandarin".
		Beifanghua has more speakers than any other language in the world; it is the predominant Chinese spoken language although within it there is considerable variety with many subdivisions mutually unintelligible.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Mandarin_(linguistics) (321 words)

	Putonghua - free-definition
		Putonghua is based on Beijing dialect, which comes under the category of Beifanghua, a group of Chinese dialects spoken across northern and southwestern China.
		Both Putonghua and Beifanghua are translated as "Mandarin" into English.
		For the rest of this article, the word "Mandarin" will refer to Beifanghua, not Putonghua.
	www.free-definition.com /Standard-Modern-Chinese.html (321 words)

	Learn Mandarin
		through most of northwestern China; Southwestern Mandarin, centring in the area around Chungking and spoken in Szechwan and adjoining parts of southwestern China; and Southern, or Lower Yangtze, Mandarin, in an area
		Mandarin Chinese is spoken in all of China north of the Yangtze River and in much of the rest of the country and is the native language of two-thirds of the population.
		Mandarin uses four tones--level, rising, falling, and high-rising--to distinguish words or syllables that have the same series of consonants and vowels but different meanings; both Mandarin and the standard language have few words ending with a consonant.
	www.tuvy.com /chinese/learn/learn_mandarin.htm (321 words)

	China Travel Tips: Chinese Language
		The language spoken in Beijing is often referred to as Mandarin or Putonghua.
		About two-thirds of the Han people are native speakers of Putonghua, while Han people who come from the southwestern and southeastern sections of China often speak Putonghua as well as their own dialects, such as Shanghaiese and Cantonese.
		Putonghua is variously referred to as the "Han language" (hanyu), "Mandarin", or simply Chinese.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /essential/language.htm (321 words)

	China Travel Tips: Chinese Language
		The language spoken in Beijing is often referred to as Mandarin or Putonghua.
		About two-thirds of the Han people are native speakers of Putonghua, while Han people who come from the southwestern and southeastern sections of China often speak Putonghua as well as their own dialects, such as Shanghaiese and Cantonese.
		Putonghua, which means "common language" is the country's predominant language and is widely used by more than 70 percent of the population.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /essential/language.htm (326 words)

	Additional Reading (from Eskimo-Aleut languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Eskimo consists of two divisions: Yupik, spoken in Siberia and southwestern Alaska, and Inuit, spoken in northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.
		Geographically the most widespread language on Earth is English, and it is second only to Mandarin Chinese in the number of people who speak it.
		In such societies written language is the chief means of transmitting culture and the benefits of civilization...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-75303?tocId=75303 (831 words)

	Missions Fields
		Many Buyi can also speak the southwestern dialect of Mandarin (Chinese).
		The Buyi have their own language which is closely related to the Thai language spoken in Thailand.
		Nineteenth century Catholic missionaries lived in southern Guizhou province and worked among the Buyi, then known as the "Chung Chia" or "the people in the middle." A few of the more wealthy and educated Buyis responded to the message and Catholic churches were built.
	www.angelfire.com /md/tsamy/missions.html (1069 words)

	Insight of the Middle Kingdom: A China Handbook [Culture>>Language]
		The northern dialect or Bei Fang Hua forms the basis of Putonghua, China's official language, and is spoken by Chinese living in the northern, central, and southwestern provinces of China.
		China is united by a common tongue--Putonghua--also known as Mandarin.
		Lessons for minority children are conducted in Putonghua, but the school curriculum also includes lessons in their mother tongue.
	www.compusmart.ab.ca /geneva/language.htm (1069 words)

	Yunnan: My Home Province
		The Han Chinese and members of many minority groups speak dialects of Southwestern Mandarin Chinese.
		Yunnan was the location of a kingdom of Tai peoples called Nanchao until 1253 AD, when it was conquered by the Mongol empire and made a province of China.
		About 94% of Yunnan is covered with mountains and plateaus, with the remainder consisting of basins and river valleys.
	www.magma.ca /~mtooker/cities/yunnan.htm (1069 words)

	A Political World Gazetteer: Asia
		Northeastern Chungkuo was formerly the independent nation of Manchukuo (Manchuria), comprising Fengtien, Heilungkiang, Khingan, Kirin, and Jehot; southwestern Chungkuo (Xizan Province) was formerly the independent nation of Tibet; Chungkuo also claims Taiwan
		Official Language: Mandarin; many, many local dialectss and languages spoken, Cantonese in Hong Kong
		This is an outline of the world's political divisions, organized by 1) continent; 2) area of continent if relevant; 3) nation; 4) national subdivision (province, state, department); 5) further subdivisions if they exist.
	home.frognet.net /~jaknouse/gaz-as.html (1069 words)

	Mandarin (linguistics)
		In the broad sense, Mandarin translates for Beifanghua (literally "Northern speech"), which is a broad category comprising the many different dialects of Chinese speech spoken as the home language in most of northern and southwestern China, and the basis for Putonghua and Guoyu.
		Putonghua and Guoyu will be referred to using their Chinese terms, or with the term "standardized Mandarin".
		Mandarin, when used in English, is used to translate several different Chinese terms referring to categories under Chinese spoken language.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/m/ma/mandarin__linguistics_.html (1069 words)

	Yunnan: My Home Province
		The Han Chinese and members of many minority groups speak dialects of Southwestern Mandarin Chinese.
		Yunnan was the location of a kingdom of Tai peoples called Nanchao until 1253 AD, when it was conquered by the Mongol empire and made a province of China.
		About 94% of Yunnan is covered with mountains and plateaus, with the remainder consisting of basins and river valleys.
	www.magmacom.com /~mtooker/cities/yunnan.htm (362 words)

	Hunan: My Home Province
		Northern Hunanese (living near the Yangzi, Yuanjiang and Zishui Rivers and Lake Dongting) speak a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin Chinese, similar to the dialects of Hubei and Sichuan Provinces.
		The Yuanjiang Adoptive Families Forum: [ View messages ] [ Write a message ] [ help!
		Hills and low mountains occupy the western, southern and eastern parts of Hunan.
	www.magma.ca /~mtooker/cities/hunan.htm (362 words)

	Yichang: My Home Town
		Like virtually everyone else in Hubei Provice, Yichang natives speak a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin Chinese.
		In 1940 Yichang was captured by the Japanese, which marked the furthest penetration of the invaders during the Sino-Japanese War.
		By the end of the Japanese occupation in 1945, Yichang's commerce was ruined, but shipping began to recover in the 1950s, and extensive industrialization has since taken place, with important food-processing and chemical industries now present.
	www.magma.ca /~mtooker/cities/yichang.htm (374 words)

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Topic: Southwestern Mandarin

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