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Topic: Souvanna Phouma

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Kingdom of Laos

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History of Laos

Vang Tao Incident

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Laos - The Battle of Vientiane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Souvanna Phouma viewed battle as inevitable, and, accompanied by his ministers Boun Om (Boun Oum's nephew), Tiao Sisoumang Sisaleumsak, and Inpeng Suriyadhay, flew to Phnom Penh on December 9, having delegated his powers to the military.
		Souvanna Phouma said that he was still legally prime minister but would resign at once if Phoumi's government were validated in accordance with the constitution.
		Souvanna Phouma argued that the National Assembly's vote of no confidence on December 11 was not valid because it had taken place in neither the royal capital nor the administrative capital.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/laos/28.php (630 words)

	Kong Le - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Recalling the experience of the first coalition when the country was temporarily at peace, Kong Le asked for the nomination of Souvanna Phouma as prime minister.
		On December 8, Souvanna Phouma relieved Kong Le from his command, but the next day Kong Le deposed Souvanna Phouma (who flew to Phnom Penh with Prince Boun Om and his other ministers) and the leftist minister Quinim Pholsena was appointed premier.
		On November 27, 1962 Kong Le was appointed chief of the new army (nominally the merged armies of the neutralist, communist and rightist factions).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kong_Le (627 words)

	Laos A Deepening Split - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		A new government with Souvanna Phouma as prime minister and Phoumi as deputy prime minister and minister of interior was sworn in on August 31.
		Although Souvanna Phouma's government was accepted as the legal government of Laos by Britain, France, and the United States, this did not prevent the United States from broadening its support to Phoumi's forces on the grounds that they were fighting the Pathet Lao.
		The "compromise" worked out by the embassy with Souvanna Phouma, in which the prime minister would not object to direct United States military aid to Phoumi as long as this aid was not used against his government, was a sham.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/laos/laos_history_a_deepening_split.html (1441 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Laos - The Secret War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Souvanna Phouma was having problems of his own because of the peculiar nature of the Cold War in Laos.
		Since 1963 Souvanna Phouma had kept vacant the cabinet seats allotted to the LPF, as he had done in the case of Phoumi's seat as interior minister in his August 30, 1960, government.
		The war drained Laos's manpower resources and pushed Souvanna Phouma into agreeing to introduce Thai artillery units on the royalist side and also helped to identify him with the rightist faction.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/laos/34.php (1003 words)

	6/26/97 Committee on the Judiciary - Pratt Statement
		Very early on, however, it was clear that the Vietnamese did not intend to abide by their undertakings, and Souvanna Phouma had to rely on the support of the U.S. and others who desired to support his efforts to promote Lao neutrality.
		Souvanna Phouma's wisdom in maintaining the "Asian" denial position was vindicated when the Communists later took over all of former French Indochina.
		Souvanna Phouma clearly expected that the USG would show the same concern about rescuing the Hmong SGU that the French had shown in 1954 about some of their special forces, such as Tai Dam.
	judiciary.house.gov /legacy/6019.htm (1216 words)

	Souvanna Phouma, Prince History Summary
		Born in Luang Prabang, Prince Souvanna Phouma was the moderate leader of Laos from the time of its struggle for independence until the Pathet Lao takeover in 1975.
		Souvanna Phouma was the nephew of King Sisavangvong and half brother of Prince Souphanouvong, his political adversary.
		Souvanna Phouma joined the Lao Issara, or Free Lao, resistance government led by his brother Prince Phetsarat as minister of public works.
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/souvanna-phouma-prince-ema-05 (282 words)

	Laos Seminar Camps
		Thus, those who played roles in the modern history of Laos were relegated by the regime to the status of nonpersons and their fate placed in the hands of their prison guards.
		Others, like Tiao Sisoumang Sisaleumsak, a minister in Souvanna Phouma's 1960 government, General Sengsouvanh Souvannarath, commander of the Neutralist forces, Khamchan Pradith, an intellectual and diplomat, and even Sing Chanthakoummane, a lieutenant in the Second Paratroop Battalion in 1960, were held in seminar camps for fifteen years or more before being released.
		Souvanna Phouma was allowed to live quietly in Vientiane until his death in January 1984.
	www.country-studies.com /laos/seminar-camps.html (730 words)

	History of South East Asia
		In Vientiane the moderate Souvanna Phouma was swept aside by United States-supported right-wingers, who had gained the upper hand in the National Assembly and Royal Lao armed forces.
		In June 1958 Souvanna was again forced from office by the rightists, and the succeeding government went on to rule by decree.
		Souvanna Phouma agreed to return as Prime Minister, and subsequently reached an agreement with Souphanouvong on behalf of the Pathet Lao.
	www.aseanfocus.com /publications/history_laos.html (10254 words)

	Laos hotels - Grand Luang Prabang
		Phetsarath finally returned to Laos in 1956 to act as mediator in the conflict between Souvanna Phouma and Souphanouvong and died in his birthplace Luang Prabang in 1959.
		In his memoirs, Phetsarath is critical of Souvanna Phouma for being too willing to along with the French and too willing to settle for half measures on the road to full independence.
		Similarly, he criticizes Souvanna Phouma for having a French wife and Souphanouvong for marrying a Vietnamese woman.
	www.grandluangprabang.com /prince.htm (337 words)

	Souvanna Phouma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prince Souvanna phouma (7 October 1901-January 10, 1984) was the leader of the neutralist faction and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos several times, from 1951 - 1952, 1956 - 1957, 1960 and 1962 - 1975.
		Souvanna Phouma was born into the vice-royal family of Louang Prabang, and given a French education in Hanoi, Paris and Grenoble, where he obtained his degree in architecture and engineering.
		This page was last modified 21:39, 21 October 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Souvanna_Phouma (155 words)

	Souvanna Phouma Biography / Biography of Souvanna Phouma Biography Biography
		The Lao prince and political leader Souvanna Phouma (1901-1984) played a political balancing role during the first decade and a half of Lao independence that may have permitted the survival of the badly splintered Southeast Asian nation.
		Born on October 7, 1901, in Luang Prabang in then French-ruled Laos, Prince Souvanna Phouma was educated as an engineer in France.
		Following French acquiesence in partial independence, Souvanna Phouma served as minister of public transport, minister of planning, and minister of posts and telegraphs in 1950-1951.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-souvanna-phouma/index.html (219 words)

	NV OF FRESNO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One was in 1957, overseen by his half-brother and Prime Minister of the RLG, Prince Souvanna Phouma.
		Indeed, a guiding principle of Souvanna Phouma throughout the struggle against the Pathet Lao was that a "real Lao" could not become a communist and hence he hoped to win over Souphanouvong.
		Furthermore, in late 1974, Souvanna Phouma was immobilised by a heart attack until February 1975, leaving the RLG side rudderless.
	hmoobvwj.com /hmoob/laos_1975.htm (1149 words)

	Laos - A Deepening Split (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The only offensive actions taken by Royal Lao Army troops against the Pathet Lao between August and December 1960 were those taken by troops loyal to Souvanna Phouma in Phôngsali and elsewhere.
		Irwin II, and Vice Admiral Herbert D. Riley, chief of staff to the Commander in Chief Pacific, Souvanna Phouma gave an indictment of the provocative errors committed by his successors after formation of the first coalition.
		Following the formal conversation, Riley took Phoumi aside and told him that the United States had completely lost confidence in Souvanna Phouma and was backing Phoumi to go back and clean up the situation.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-7770.html (1445 words)

	[No title]
		On July Souvanna Phouma lost a vote of confidence in the National Assembly and was forced to resign.
		Souvanna Phouma, Boun Oum and Souphanouvong undertook a new series of talks in Laos in June 1962 and again decided to form a coalition government.
		This public action prompted the PGNU Prime Minister, Souvanna Phouma, to dismiss the National Assembly in July 1974, thus further eroding the political strength of the right-wing faction.
	www.hmongnet.org /hmong-au/refugee.htm (8394 words)

	Laos Pathet Lao Influence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There were thus two rival royal governments in Laos from the beginning of 1961, the Boun Oum-Phoumi Nosavan government at Vientiane and the Souvanna Phouma government at Khang Khay.
		Souvanna Phouma seized the opportunity of having a sizeable number of adherents on hand at Khang Khay, including many Lao students returned from abroad, to form the Neutralist Party, (Lao Pen Kang-- known as the Neutralists).
		Although publicly deferring to Souvanna Phouma on matters of government policy, the Pathet Lao secretly extended their influence at the grassroots level, using their proven methods of propaganda and organization.
	www.country-studies.com /laos/pathet-lao-influence.html (382 words)

	Laos Renewed Negotiations - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		After the elections, Souvanna Phouma signaled a renewed effort at negotiations, when, presenting his new government to the National Assembly on March 20, 1956, he called the settlement of the Pathet Lao problem "the gravest and most urgent" question before the country.
		Souphanouvong and the other Pathet Lao delegates took the oath of allegiance to the king in the presence of Souvanna Phouma and Kou Abhay, president of the King's Council.
		The United States ambassador in Vientiane, J. Graham Parsons, informed Souvanna Phouma that Washington was implacably opposed to a coalition government.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/laos/laos_history_renewed_negotiations.html (517 words)

	Communism In Laos Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Souvanna Phouma and Soupanna Vong were these sons of the king.
		Souvanna Phouma went to the Viet-Minh, the Vietnamese communists, and he brought some of the Vietnamese soldiers back to Laos.
		After all the countries took their soldiers back home, Souvanna Phouma killed his father, and he became the king in Laos.
	www.unipo.sk /~haj/triangel/COMMUNI.HTM (942 words)

	Laos - The "Secret War" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		United States support of Souvanna Phouma's government in the face of continuing North Vietnamese aggression did not constitute, technically speaking, a violation of the terms of the 1962 Geneva Protocol, as Radio Hanoi and Radio Pathet Lao charged.
		It did not involve Laos in a military alliance, and there were no United States military bases or ground troops in Laos.
		Powerless to stop the war and acquiescing in the diplomatic fiction that the 1962 Geneva Agreement was still in effect, Souvanna Phouma endured the revilement of Radio Pathet Lao, which called him traitor, a capitulationist, and a tool of United States aggressors.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-7777.html (940 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Laos - Souvanna Phouma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Souvanna Phouma returned as prime minister in August 1957 following a cabinet crisis and was charged by the king with forming a new government.
		Souphanouvong became minister of planning, reconstruction, and urbanism, and Phoumi Vongvichit became minister of culture and fine arts.
		Souvanna Phouma visited Washington in January 1958 hoping to persuade United States policy makers, who worried about his having accepted Pathet Lao participation in the government in advance of elections, that his strategy for dealing with the Pathet Lao was the best course.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/laos/22.php (456 words)

	Telegram (Vientiane 170) from the Embassy in Laos to the State Department Regarding Proposed Bombing in Laos (Deptel ...
		Souvanna Phouma and other Lao leaders want help in immediate present to assure they can continue in secure possession of present territory of free Laos.
		If we hesitate under such circumstances Souvanna's occasional dissatisfaction with what he has regarded as foot dragging by US will be greatly accentuated and arguments on our part that certain actions should be avoided because of international complications or risks of escalation will not carry much weight.
		In summary, I believe it would be exceptionally difficult to persuade Souvanna Phouma to approve stepped up military actions in Panhandle without triggering virtually irresistible pressures for similar escalation in this part of Laos, involving increased commitments here of sort we have thus far shied away from.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/pentagon3/doc164.htm (1109 words)

	[No title]
		Souvanna Phouma, elected without fraud, became the president of the National Assembly.
		By 1961, there were two rival royal governments in Laos: the Boun Oum—Phoumi Nosovan government at Vientiane and the Souvanna Phouma government at Khang Khay.
		The effort included meetings among princes Souvanna Phouma, Boun Oum, and Souphanouvong in Zurich and Vientiane, and protracted diplomatic consultations in Vientiane, Siangkhoang, Rangoon, Moscow, Paris, and Geneva.
	www.lexis-nexis.com /academic/2upa/Ias/sdCentralLaos_pf.asp (934 words)

	AllRefer.com - Prince Souvanna Phouma (Southeast Asia History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Prince Souvanna Phouma (Southeast Asia History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Southeast Asia History, Biographies > Prince Souvanna Phouma
		Prince Souvanna Phouma[sOOvA´nA fOO´mA] Pronunciation Key, 1901–84, government official of Laos.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Souvanna.html (290 words)

	Cold War At A Glance
		Souvanna Phouma of the neutralist government is put as head of this coalition government.
		The Pathet Lao attacks the unified government of Souvanna Phouma.
		An agreement is reached in September that provides for the formation of a third coalition government under Souvanna Phouma, and the stationing of an equal number of government and Pathet Lao troops in the two capitals.
	www.geocities.com /cold_war_at_a_glance/Laos.htm (367 words)

	History of Laos
		King Sisavang Vong sided with the French, and the movement for Lao independence was crushed, causing Prince Phetsarath and Prince Souvanna Phouma to flee to Thailand.
		Prince Souvanna Phouma returned to Vientiane and joined the newly formed Royal Lao Government.
		Prince Souvanna Phouma, a neutralist, operated from Vientiane; in the south, right-wing, pro-US Prince Boun Oum of Champassak dominated the Pakse area.
	www.visit-laos.com /sabbaidee/history.htm (1891 words)

	Chronology Laos -- The War Years
		In response to a request from Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma for assistance in training the Royal Lao Air Force, the U.S. Air Force deploys Detachment 6, 1st Air Commando Wing to Udorn, Thailand, in April.
		Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma agrees to low-level reconaissance by U.S. "Yankee Team" jets in June.
		Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma proposes a new effort at peace negotiations in a letter in July to this half-brother Prince Souphanouvong, Chairman of the Pathet Lao.
	www.seacrc.org /pages/ravenschrono.html (1469 words)

	Phoumi Nosavan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On December 8, Souvanna Phouma relieved Kong Le from his command, but the next day Kong Le deposed Souvanna Phouma (who went to Cambodia) and the leftist minister Quinim Pholsena was appointed premiere.
		In 1961, John F. Kennedy's administration opted for a neutralist coalition rather than risk an armed confrontation with the Russians over Laos, and Phoumi was ordered to merge his right-wing government into a tripartite coalition under the leadership of Souvanna Phouma.
		When he refused despite personal appeals from President Kennedy and the assistant secretary of state, his CIA handler was transferred out of Laos and in February 1962 aid was cut to his government and army.
	www.asia-handicrafts.com /about-laos/phoumi-nosavan.htm (567 words)

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