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Topic: Sovereign states

	State - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The rise of the "modern state" as a public power constituting the supreme political authority within a defined territory is associated with western Europe's gradual institutional development beginning in earnest in the late 15th century, culminating in the rise of absolutism and capitalism.
		Given the increasing institutional access to the state and role in the development of public policy by many parts of civil society, it is increasingly difficult to identify the boundaries of the state.
		States are the subjects of public international law, also known as the "law of nations." Their existence and conduct is governed by treaties and customary rules.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sovereign_state (2641 words)

	The United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sovereign states may unite in an alliance, league, or confederation, and mutually agree to exercise their sovereign powers or a portion of them in common, through a common organ or agency; but in this agreement they part with none of their sovereignty, and each remains a sovereign state or nation as before.
		Sovereign states are as unable to form themselves into a single sovereign state by mutual compact as are the sovereign individuals imagined by Rousseau.
		While the State is in the Union the citizen owes obedience to the United States, but only because his State has, in ratifying the Federal constitution, enacted that it and all laws and treaties made under it shall be law within her territory.
	terrenceberres.com /broame09.html (4390 words)

	Alden v Maine
		When a State asserts its immunity to suit, the question is not the primacy of federal law but the implementation of the law in a manner consistent with the constitutional sovereignty of the States.
		The dissenting opinion seeks to reopen these precedents, contending that state sovereign immunity must derive either from the common law (in which case the dissent contends it is defeasible by statute) or from natural law (in which case the dissent believes it cannot bar a federal claim).
		The American Colonies did not enjoy sovereign immunity, that being a privilege understood in English law to be reserved for the Crown alone; "antecedent to the Declaration of Independence, none of the colonies were, or pretended to be, sovereign states".
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/alden.html (4160 words)

	List of sovereign states - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One state, not a UN member since late 1971, recognized by 24 UN members as well as the Holy See, and currently with de facto international relations with most states, the Republic of China, popularly referred to as Taiwan.
		Five states, neither UN members nor recognised by any states that are, but sovereign according to article 1 of the Montevideo Convention, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Somaliland, South Ossetia and Transnistria.
		One state, member of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, recognized by Arab states and some other UN members though never itself a UN member, with no sovereignty over its claimed territories, the State of Palestine in the Palestinian territories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_sovereign_states (1633 words)

	CITES BY TOPIC: State
		A State, in the ordinary sense of the Constitution, is a political community of free citizens, occupying a territory of defined boundaries, organized under a government sanctioned and limited by a written constitution, and established by the consent of the governed.
		State — in the context of federal statutes, federal court rulings, and this book means a federal State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Northern Marina Islands, and includes areas within the external boundaries of a state owned by or ceded to the United States of America.
		The word “State” in the context of federal statutes and regulations means one of the 50 union states, which are “foreign states”, and “foreign countries”; with respect to the federal government as clearly explained later in section 5.2.11 of this book.
	famguardian.org /TaxFreedom/CitesByTopic/State.htm (2092 words)

	Sovereignty and globalisation - Council on Foreign Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The sovereign state is influenced by them (for better and for worse) as much as it is able to influence them.
		Sovereign states increasingly measure their vulnerability not to one another, but to forces beyond their control.
		States would be wise to weaken sovereignty in order to protect themselves, because they cannot insulate themselves from what goes on elsewhere.
	www.cfr.org /publication/9903/sovereignty_and_globalisation.html (978 words)

	[No title]
		Internally, a sovereign government is a fixed authority with a settled population that possesses a monopoly on the use of force.
		Recognition on the part of other states helps to ensure territorial integrity and is the entire into participating in diplomacy and international organizations on an equal footing with other states.
		Although many see threats to state sovereignty from a wide variety of sources, many of these can be grouped in three broad areas: the rise of human rights, economic globalization, and the growth of supranational institutions, the latter being partially driven by economic integration and the cause of human rights.
	www.beyondintractability.org /m/sovereignty.jsp (3800 words)

	States Rights, One of the Causes of the Civil War
		The resolutions urged all the states to join in declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts null and void and in demanding their repeal at the next session of Congress, but none of the other states went along with Virginia and Kentucky.
		State rights and strict construction were usually the arguments of the party out of power (and so they were to he throughout American history).
		He based his theory on the assumption that the people (not the government) in each state were sovereign and, in their sovereign capacity, had ratified and thus given validity to both the state constitution and the U.S. Constitution.
	www.civilwarhome.com /statesrights.htm (3802 words)

	CITES BY TOPIC: United States
		Clearly, they must be either the States in their corporate capacity, i.e., artificial and legal persons, or the citizens of all the States in the aggregate; and it is not difficult to see that they are the former.
		The term "people," therefore, in that State, means, first, all the citizens of the State in the aggregate (i.e., the members of the body politic), and secondly, the body politic itself; and while in the former sense it is plural, in the latter sense it is singular.
		The original difference between "United States" and "Union" was that, while the former was concrete, the latter was abstract; and hence it is that the latter cannot be substituted for the former when used in its original sense.
	famguardian.org /TaxFreedom/CitesByTopic/UnitedStates.htm (3299 words)

	Train of Abuses against the Sovereign States of America
		It has burdened the sovereign states with obligations to fund national laws that are often inimical to the interest of the states.
		Therefore, the relationship between the states and the federal government was one of agency, with the federal government possessing the role of agent and the states the role of principal(s).
		In other words, the states were the sovereigns who granted a part of their sovereignty to the general government.
	www.4noel.com /bruce/usurp.html (2399 words)

	Beyond Sovereignty: Fighting Transsovereign Problems in a Sovereign World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cusimano continues by stating that although many policymakers (and sometimes even scholars) use the term transnational problems, she prefers the more accurate name transsovereign problems because the term nation is not synonymous with the term sovereign state.
		State centric responses are seen most heavily in the efforts to fight the transsovereign problems of drug smuggling, terrorism, international crime, and nuclear proliferation.
		States may not have the ability to command or compel resolution of a transsovereign problem; however they are uniquely positioned to coordinate, communicate, facilitate.
	www.ceip.org /programs/global/semcusimano.htm (2680 words)

	Faisal O. Al-Rfouh
		A state, finding developments in a neighboring state portending threat to its national security, can declare a war on it and after latter's defeat may impose conditions on it in the form of terms of peace to prevent recurrence of such conditions.
		Internal intervention is the interference by one state in the disputes between or among the different groups in another state, to support or protect either the government or its opponents or rebels.
		Thus, the protection of national sovereign rights of a State calls for expansion of the permanent members of the UN Security Council where Veto power should be abolished and all decisions are taken by consensus or at least by two-thirds majority.
	kennedy.byu.edu /partners/WFPC/alrfouh.html (3676 words)

	The Three United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It may be merely the name of a sovereign occupying the position analogous to that of other sovereigns in the family of nations.
		It is equally well settled that the several states of the Union are to be considered as in this respect foreign to each other, and that the courts of one state are not presumed to know, and therefore not bound to take judicial notice of, the laws of another state.
		In the latter character, it is admitted, the power of levying direct taxes may be exercised; but, it is contended, for district purposes only, in like manner as the legislature of a state may tax the people of a state for state purposes.
	www.worldnewsstand.net /today/articles/3US.htm (2049 words)

	The Federal Zone: Chapter 4: The Three United States
		The federal zone, over which the sovereignty of the United States extends, is the District of Columbia, the territories and possessions belonging to Congress, and a limited amount of land within the States** of the Union, called federal "enclaves".
		The United States government is a foreign corporation with respect to a state.
		In the sovereign sense, the word "foreign" (for example, in the term "foreign country") is used to refer to the entire spatial area under the sovereignty of a country other than the United States.
	www.supremelaw.org /fedzone11/htm/chapter4.htm (5964 words)

	[No title]
		This question seems to be the proverbial "elephant in the room" of American law and history, for its answer is key in defining a state's right of secession: this question marks the difference between, for example, Boston seceding from Massachusetts, and Spain seceding from the United Nations.
		If on the one hand, the states were held - by law - irrevocably to the Union, then Lincoln would have simply been performing his sworn duty as necessary under extreme conditions, and his defenders might have firm ground in excusing his having "bent a few rules" to get the job done.
		Lincoln and his defenders, then, must believe that the states somehow "surrendered" their status as sovereign nations, in the act of ratifying the Constitution (or, as Lincoln added in his First Inaugural, "the union matured").
	www.civilwarhome.com /sovereignstates.htm (808 words)

	Were the States Sovereign Nations? by Brian McCandliss
		If on the one hand, the states were held by law –; irrevocably to the Union, then Lincoln would have simply been performing his sworn duty as necessary under extreme conditions, and his defenders might have firm ground in excusing his having "bent a few rules" to get the job done.
		As such, the implication here is that the Constitution is a mere treaty between separate and sovereign nation-states — a treaty which state officials simply agree to "support," as opposed to being bound to obey such as a law, under penalty of such.
		Rather, I can only prove that such supreme national sovereignty was established and recognized by law for each and every state – and that no law or document that surrendered or compromised it in any manner whatsoever, was ever passed or ratified by them.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig5/mccandliss1.html (834 words)

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