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Topic: Soviet Naval Aviation

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	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Soviet Navy
		A telling indicator of the perceived threat of the Navy was that the Soviets were not invited to participate in the Washington Naval Treaty, which served to limit the size and capabilities of the most powerful navies.
		Soviet naval personnel played especially significant land roles in the battles for Odessa, Sevastopol, Stalingrad, Novorossiysk, Tuapse, and Leningrad.
		The Soviet attack submarine force was, like the rest of the navy, geared towards the interception of NATO convoys, but also targeted American aircraft carrier battle groups.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Soviet_Navy (1875 words)

	Soviet Naval Aviation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soviet Naval Aviation (Авиация военно-морского флота in Russian, or Aviatsiya Voenno-Morskogo Flota, literally "aviation of the military sea fleet") was a part of the Soviet Navy.
		The importance of naval aviation had grown significantly by 1938-1940, to become one of the main components of the Soviet Navy.
		Because the Soviet Navy never constructed a large aircraft carrier fleet during the Cold War, as the U.S. Navy possessed, the Soviet Navy was unique in deploying large numbers of strategic bombers in a maritime role for use by Naval Aviation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soviet_Naval_Aviation (477 words)

	The Soviet Navy 1988-1991
		Soviet naval aviation underwent several changes as the fleet began moving away from the traditional land-based bomber-centered force of earlier times to a force that was based on fighters and fighter-bombers operating both on land and at sea.
		Naval aviation forces in the European theater of operations would undergo expand dramatically in 1989-1990 when a large number of tactical aircraft were transferred from air force to navy control.
		The Costal Defense force (established in 1986) was comprised of the Naval Infantry and the Costal Missile Artillery force.
	www.russianwarrior.com /1989_History_Navy.htm (1120 words)

	Sample Chapter from "U.S. Naval Aviation" -- A Golden Journey
		The fleet and naval aviation are one and inseparable."
		Naval aircraft flew top secret intelligence gathering flights along the Soviet border, supported the Marine landing in Lebanon in 1956, patrolled the troubled waters between Taiwan and mainland China, and assisted in photoreconnaissance and blockade operations during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962.
		The growth of the Soviet navy, including a proliferation of nuclear submarines and the introduction of aircraft carriers, prompted the administration to reemphasize a blue water force capable of combating the Soviets in the high seas.
	www.hlla.com /reference/naval-aviation.html (6330 words)

	Soviet Tactical Aviation in the Postwar Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When we speak of Soviet Air Forces, we have in mind a number of units that are structured functionally and that exist in a form of dual subordination to their branch, which provides training, supply and logistical support, and a command authority to control the combat employment of the units.
		The Soviets were in an obvious position to recast their air defense concepts on the basis of the experience of Vietnam, the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973, and the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982.
		The Soviet approach to the theater-strategic operation as a conventional option remains true to the classic terms of Soviet deep-operation theory in its emphasis on a combined arms approach and the integration of new means of striking the enemy's operational rear.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/apj88/kipp.html (7747 words)

	The P-40 in Soviet Aviation
		It is a little known fact that the Tomahawks and Kittyhawks with red stars participated in all the decisive battles: the battle for Moscow, at Stalingrad, the defense of Leningrad, in the Kuban, at the Kursk bulge, and beyond to the liberation of eastern Prussia.
		Soviet losses amounted to 86 aircraft and 46 pilots (of these, 13 Kittyhawks were shot down in aerial combat, 2 lost to antiaircraft fires, and 1 in an accident, for a total of 16).
		Its commander was the famous Soviet naval ace HSU Lieutenant Colonel Boris Safonov [32].
	lend-lease.airforce.ru /english/articles/romanenko/p-40/index.htm (9209 words)

	Soviet Naval Patches
		The symbols on the patches were quite similar to those used in earlier Soviet uniforms, but the new patches would be made of thermally molded plastic rather than being embroidered.
		Naval versions of these stripes are all on dark blue backgrounds.
		In 1971 the Soviet Defense Ministry created the rank of Michman (Warrant Officer) for the Soviet Navy in an effort to develop a class of skilled extended servicemen.
	www.russianwarrior.com /1969_Npatches.htm (316 words)

	The Transformation of Soviet Maritime Air Operations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There is increasing evidence that the Soviet bomber and cruise missile force may be over-taking their submarine force as a threat to our fleet and to our forces necessary for the resupply of Europe.
		In 1983 the journal Soviet Aerospace estimated that the Soviets were building at least 30 Backfires per year and that SNA had approximately 100 of these aircraft.
		The configuration and deployment of the aforementioned Soviet assets indicate that the USSR wishes to extend tactical air coverage at sea and sustain a sea-power building program developed by Adm Sergei Gorshkov, father of the modern Soviet navy.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/5sum90.html (3292 words)

	USSR Soviet Naval Aviation Admiral M43 Service Dress Uniform
		This is one of the rarer Soviet wings from the WWII period.
		After 1943, an aviator in the Army or Navy was denoted by branch of service piping and the winged device on the shoulder board.
		It is awarded to naval officers for success in the planning, execution, and support of naval operations that achieved victory over a numerically superior enemy, crushed an enemy offensive, or ensured successful operations that inflicted serious damage on the enemy.
	www.rathbonemuseum.com /USSR/RNG/RNG.html (500 words)

	Foreign Military Studies Office Book Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It dismisses the Soviet naval efforts as those of bunglers and incompetents and does not address the mass of Soviet naval archive material that has been released over the past ten years.
		The significant role of Soviet naval aviation and the Soviet use of motor torpedo boats in the arctic is ignored.
		The 838 Soviet naval sorties launched to support US and British arctic convoys are also given scant notice.
	fmso.leavenworth.army.mil /bookrevu/arctic.htm (332 words)

	Soviet Union - Naval Aviation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Naval Aviation was primarily landbased; its main mission was to conduct air strikes on enemy ships and fleet support infrastructure.
		The importance attached to its antiship mission was shown by the fact that Naval Aviation has received almost as many TU-26 bombers as have the Strategic Air Armies.
		Since the 1970s, the Soviet Naval Forces have attempted their overcome its major weakness--fleet air defense beyond the range of land-based aircraft--by deploying four Kiev-class aircraft carriers.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-12874.html (218 words)

	The Soviet Backfire Bomber: Capabilities and SALT Complications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Soviets issued a unilateral interpretation according to which British and French ballistic-missile submarines must be included in the aggregate specified for similar United States submarines The contentious bomber issue was deferred for subsequent nego tiations.
		Moreover, since the Soviets are not forthcoming in providing hard data regarding their weapons development programs, the United States is forced to rely on intelligence estimates in constructing what is'perceived to be an equitable, and therefore negotiable, proposal.
		Nor can the Soviets be said to adhere to the bar gaining-chip approach to strategic arms control, according to which the development and threatened deployment of certain weapons systems may be exploited for leverage in extracting concessions from an op ponent, instead of a primary commitment to introduction of the system for patently military uses.
	www.heritage.org /Research/RussiaandEurasia/bg57.cfm (3201 words)

	Belyayev
		Soviet Naval Aviation Graduated from Air Force Academy, Sarapul, 1944 and from the Military Fighter Pilot School, Yeis, 1945.
		Belyayev was in the Soviet Air Force in various units from 1945 to 1959.
		The Soviet leadership were shown the UR-100 and observed launches of the competing UR-200 and R-36.
	www.astronautix.com /astros/belyayev.htm (7150 words)

	US Naval Tactical Aviation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		John Lehmann, a naval reservist A-6E Bombardier/Navigator, was a strong supporter of carrier aviation and one of the co-architects of the US Navy's then new Maritime Strategy.
		The Soviet view of defeating a CVBG on the high seas is one of massed saturation ASM attacks from several axes, to disperse the defending fighters and thus prevent them from destroying the inbound bombers and ASMs once launched.
		Many naval strategists have argued that the CV is at the end of its useful life, as it must dedicate more of its air assets to defensive operations than to offensive operations.
	www.ausairpower.net /Analysis-USN-95.html (11031 words)

	World Aviation in 1941 - Part 1
		By nightfall Soviet losses amount to 1,811 aircraft of which 1,489 were destroyed on the ground.
		A small force of Soviet Naval Aviation Il-4 (DB3F) bombers takes-off from Estonian Islands of Dagö and Saaremaa and attacks the Berlin area.
		The city was brightly lit and the raid precipitates the introduction of flout regulations in the German capital.
	www.rafmuseum.org.uk /milestones-of-flight/world/1941.html (420 words)

	U.S. Military: Strength Through Flexibility
		The Soviets have achieved the historic Russian dream of owning a warm water port in the Pacific, and on any given day two dozen Soviet ships are in Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam, as are fighter, bomber and long range reconnaissance aircraft.
		The Soviet Pacific Fleet is now the largest of its four fleets, with 840 warships as opposed to 750 a decade ago.
		First, Soviet convent on a force structure around the world has been growing, and if force structure cuts are to occur in our own military, we must be careful to signal to the Soviets that this is a refinement of our capabilities, rather than a reduction of them.
	www.jameswebb.com /speeches/strengththroughflex.htm (4065 words)

	Tupolev Tu-16, bombers, Weapon Systems \| India Defence
		In the late 1940s the Soviet Union was strongly committed to matching the United States in strategic bombing capability.
		Although the Tu-16 began as a high-altitude, free-fall bomber, in the mid-1950s it was equipped to carry early Soviet cruise missiles.
		It continued to be used by the Air Forces and naval aviation of the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia until 1993.
	www.india-defence.com /specifications/bombers/25 (909 words)

	NAVAL AVIATION MUSEUM FOUNDATION - NATIONAL FLIGHT LOG - SQUADRONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The mission of VC-4 was to "provide the fleet as required, all-weather VF (VFN) and VA (VAN) teams consisting of pilots, planes and personnel who are at such a level of proficiency as to permit both offensive and defensive operations without regard to existing weather conditions".
		Perhaps the most significant occurrence during this period was the introduction of the all-weather jet to carrier aviation.
		The semi-annual Aviation Historical summaries which were discontinued in 1953 were reinstituted in October 1957.
	www.naval-air.org /flightlog/squadrons/vc-4.htm (2855 words)

	Naval Aviation Foundation (NAF) - CVBG's
		Naval forces are being called upon for contingency operations at four time the Cold War rate.
		The principles and essential characteristics of Naval Air Warfare have endured through decades of technological and tactical innovation and are manifest in today’s highly lethal and precise carrier air wings and in the air combat element that is part of every amphibious ready group.
		Despite the hundreds of land-based aircraft available in theater, Naval Aviation was not just the force of choice, but often the only force capable of rapidly responding against the most demanding time-critical targets.
	www.anahq.org /articles/cvbg.htm (1586 words)

	Tu-22M BACKFIRE (TUPOLEV) - Russian and Soviet Nuclear Forces
		The Soviets consistently maintained that the Backfire was not a strategic bomber because of its non-intercontinental range.
		The CIA's rationale for their judgment was that in the absence of SALT II constraints, the Soviets would use the ALCM-capable Backfire to attack the United States.
		On 31 July 1991 the Soviet side declared as part of the START I negotiations that it would not give the Tu-22M airplane the capability of operating at intercontinental distances in any manner, including by in-flight refueling.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/russia/bomber/tu-22m.htm (2049 words)

	Shemya's Opposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The main thrust of all of the intelligence missions located on the "Rock" were the Soviet activities on and around the Kamchatka Peninsula.
		The Naval Fleets are responsible for areas outside the coastal waters.
		The Soviet trawlers that sat off Shemya probably had some fishermen on board, but the bulk of the crew belonged to the Radio-Technical Forces and the KGB.
	home.earthlink.net /~bldumka/Shemya-4.html (380 words)

	Naval Career (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		im began his Navy career at Moffet Field in Moutain View, California in 1953, where he was an aviator assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Shangri-La in the Pacific Ocean close to Japan.
		There he learned how to land jets on the carrier's runway at night, and on one occasion did it with no lights and no ability to read his instruments, barely making it back to the ship's landing deck.
		Then on October 4, 1957 the Soviet Union blindsided the West with the launch of a twenty-three inch robotic ball called Sputnik.
	www.mcn.org /Apollo13/Naval.html (178 words)

	Soviet Insignia
		Soviet 1-star Naval Aviation General everyday shoulder boards.
		Soviet 2-star Naval Aviation General everyday shoulder boards.
		Soviet 3-star Naval Aviation General everyday shoulder boards.
	www.tridentmilitary.com /SovietInsignia.htm (1118 words)

	A-20G Havoc by Charles Landrum (AMT 1/48)
		The Soviet Union was the largest user of the A-20 Havoc family.
		It was well liked and pressed into service by Soviet Naval Aviation in an anti-shipping role in the hard fought Baltic region where neither side ever enjoyed maritime supremacy.
		Because of the size of the Soviet torpedoes they would not fit in the bomb bay, so two locally manufactured bomb racks were fitted, one on either side of the fuselage.
	hsfeatures.com /features04/a20gcl_1.htm (733 words)

	Collect Russia BOOKS and REFERENCE Naval Books Soviet Russian
		Soviet Navy in the Great Patriotic War, 1941 - 1945".
		Specimens from the Central Naval Museum photographed in full color plus explanation.
		Richly illustrated english language book on Naval Edged Weapons with a backdrop of Russian Naval history.
	www.collectrussia.com /ShowCat.htm?Cat=NavalBooks (366 words)

	Resurgam Books Naval and Aviation History
		Hythe, Viscount [ed.] The Naval Annual, 1913 Newton Abbot: David and Charles Reprints, 1970 [being a facsimile reprint of the 1913 edition originally published by J. Griffin and Co., Portsmouth] 6¼" x 10".
		This copy was presented to the Ward Room Mess of the Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham by Lieutenant R. Woods, RN in May 1931 [inscribed thus on front free end-paper].
		Green cloth half-bound in leather which is very scuffed and rubbed and is missing just under two inches of the backstrip from the tail of the spine.
	www.flamboroughmanor.co.uk /resurgam/naval.htm (4554 words)

	Operation Ocean (Soviet Army)
		Warships and men are shown in action as they launch amphibious invasions.
		Soviet naval aviation performs its task of attacking enemy aircraft and ships.
		You may also type in any product item number listed in our paper catalog.
	www.ihffilm.com /729.html (64 words)

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