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Topic: Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov

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	Aircraft carrier Summary
		Carriers steam at speed, for example up to 35 knots (65 km/h), into the wind during take-off in order to increase the apparent wind speed, thereby reducing the speed of the aircraft relative to the ship.
		By the late 1930s, aircraft carriers around the world typically carried three types of aircraft: torpedo bombers, also used for conventional bombings and reconnaissance; dive bombers, also used for reconnaissance (in the U.S. Navy, this type of aircraft were known as "scout bombers"); and fighters for fleet defence and bomber escort duties.
		Aircraft carriers are generally the largest ships operated by navies; a Nimitz class carrier powered by two nuclear reactors and four steam turbines is 1092 ft (333 m) long and costs about $4.5 billion.
	www.bookrags.com /Aircraft_carrier (6174 words)

	Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Admiral Gorshkov was an (A large warship that carries planes and has a long flat deck for take-offs and landings) aircraft carrier of the (additional info and facts about Russian Navy) Russian Navy.
		Originally named Baku, she was the fourth of the Type 1143 aircraft carrying cruisers, known as the Kiev class.
		Following the collapse of the (A former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia an others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991) Soviet Union, the ship was renamed Admiral Gorshkov.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/soviet_aircraft_carrier_admiral_gorshkov.htm (244 words)

	Soviet_aircraft_carrier_Admiral_Gorshkov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov is expected to enter the Indian Navy by 2008 to meet India's naval aspirations.
		In the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city of Baku (which the ship was named after) became part of independent Azerbaijan, and afterwards the ship was renamed Admiral Gorshkov, in honour of Sergey Gorshkov commander in chief of the Soviet Navy during the cold war.
		The Gorshkov was laid down in Dec 1978, launched in 1982, and comissioned in December 1987, and retired in 1996.
	www.buyitfast.org /q/Soviet_aircraft_carrier_Admiral_Gorshkov (477 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An aircraft carrier is a warship whose main role is to deploy and recover aircraft—in effect acting as a sea-going airbase.
		By the late 1930s, aircraft carriers around the world typically carried three types of aircraft: torpedo bombers, also used for conventional bombings and reconnaissance; dive bombers, also used for reconnaissance (in the U.S. Navy, this type of aircraft were known as "scout bombers"); and fighters for fleet defence and bomber escort duties.
		Aircraft carriers are generally the largest ships operated by navies; a Nimitz-class carrier powered by two nuclear reactors and four steam turbines is 1092 ft (333 m) long and costs about $5 billion.
	mindwallet.com /wiki/Aircraft_carrier (4361 words)

	Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov is expected to enter the Indian Navy by 2008 to meet India's naval aspirations(FFG 38).
		The Admiral Gorshkov was an aircraft carrier of the Russian Navy.
		The Baku was built to a modified design to the other three Kiev class vessels in terms of her armament; however, she carried an identical air wing, consisting of a squadron of twelve Yak-38 'Forger' V/STOL aircraft, twelve Ka-27 'Helix-A' ASW/SAR helicopters and two Ka-31 'Helix' AEW helicopters.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Soviet-aircraft-carrier-Admiral-Gorshkov.htm (349 words)

	Tehelka - The People's Paper
		It must be remembered that the only aircraft carrier that India has at the moment, the INS Viraat, can last only for another four to five years, Gorshkov’s scheduled induction in 2008 would come about at an appropriate time.
		The Admiral Gorshkov (formerly known as Baku) is the last of in the series of four Project 1143 air defence ships, officially known as aviation cruisers.
		With the collapse of the Soviet Union, all four aviation cruisers were retired between 1991 and 1994, with the Admiral Gorshkov being the last to be withdrawn.
	www.tehelka.com /story_main.asp?filename=Ne010704admiral.asp (595 words)

	The Gorshkov deal
		Gorshkov was designed to carry a lot of missiles and does not have a full flattop deck.
		Gorshkov, with a sea endurance of 30 days and the capacity to carry more than 2,000 sailors and officers, is perceived as a real force projector for the country.
		Critics of the decision to go in for an expensive aircraft carrier claim that if the primary goal was to ensure the security of sea-borne trade, then India already had considerable military deterrence at its disposal.
	www.hindu.com /fline/fl2103/stories/20040213003603500.htm (1280 words)

	Admiral Gorshkov and the Soviet Navy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Soviet Admiral of the Fleet Nikolai G. Kuznetsov disagreed so strongly that he was fired and replaced by Gorshkov.
		Soviet doctrine indicates that the naval infantry is intended to be used as shock troops spearheading an assault, closely followed by the ground forces.
		The Yankee is nuclear-powered and carries sixteen SS-N-6 missiles.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1982/jul-aug/chipman.html (6649 words)

	The Navy of the Soviet Superpower
		The Cuban Missile Crisis demonstrated that the Soviet Navy's reliance on nuclear weapons alone was incapable of challenging the United States navy on the high seas.
		Admiral Gorshkov had achieved his first objective of making a fleet that could deter the West from reckless adventurism, but stated that he now wanted a 'balanced fleet' with carriers, submarines, and a variety of other ships that would allow the fleet to undertake a variety of roles.
		While the earlier emphasis of naval aviation was on land based aircraft, the ‘balanced fleet’ envisioned by Admiral Gorshkov saw the beginnings of Soviet carrier based aviation.
	www.russianwarrior.com /1969_History_Navy.htm (1233 words)

	India prefers the Russian arms bazaar
		The Russians are reportedly predicating the leasing of two nuclear-powered submarines on an approximately $750 million deal for a Soviet aircraft carrier, Admiral Gorshkov, that was crippled by a fire and has been lying unused for over a decade.
		Price negotiations for Admiral Gorshkov and the "associated" lease of the two nuclear-powered submarines are nearing closure, despite the all-party standing committee urging the defence ministry to reduce its reliance on Russia for military equipment and asking it to float global tenders to enable the "emergence of competitive prices."
		In his Jane's interview Admiral Singh hinted that the Navy might go in for additional Russian-built Talwar-class frigates as local shipyards were incapable of meeting its demands to sustain force levels.
	www.rediff.com /money/2003/sep/25spec.htm (837 words)

	Gorshkov: The Man And The Ship
		The news of the acquisition of the 45,400-ton Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov takes me back to the early sixties when the legendry Chief of the Soviet Navy, after whom it is named, first visited India soon after the arrival of the Soviet-built submarines at Vishakhapatnam.
		Gorshkov took the intrusion sportingly and even invited the American lady, one Mrs Simpson, for a cup of coffee and requested her to rein in her wild tigers.
		I also saw Admiral Gorshkov when he visited India again in 1972 when he was briefed about the exceptionally successful role played by the Soviet missile boats during the bombardment of the Karachi harbour in 1971.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /NAVY/History/1950s/Trewn.html (510 words)

	International Assessment and Strategy Center > Research > China's Carrier of Chance
		Gorshkov was prolific, writing many tomes seeking to justify a large navy to a Soviet military establishment dominated by Army tank and artillery generals.
		Carriers, they pointed out, would need a new large base with a sufficient logistic support network, a highly specialized aircraft wing with fighters and support aircraft, plus several ships for defense and underway replenishment.
		Admiral Liu is reported to have said, "I will not die with my eyes closed if I do not see an aircraft carrier in front of me." With the Varyag he could make good on his oath.
	www.strategycenter.net /research/pubID.12/pub_detail.asp (1321 words)

	WHAT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The serviceability of its only other aircraft carrier, the ageing INS Viraat, is also unlikely to extend beyond 2010, and even this was made possible by a major life-extension refit conducted in 1999.
		While an extra aircraft carrier would help to maintain a somewhat stronger presence on both the eastern and western seaboards, India’s massive naval ambitions are hardly going to be fulfilled by the addition of the Gorshkov alone.
		Neither the Gorshkov nor the MiG-29K fighters Russia is offering to equip it with, have ever been tested in a conventional aircraft carrier role.” However according to the Indian version the MiGs have already been tested on an air-craft carrier, Admiral Kuznetsov, for aerodynamics and overall dimensions in take off and landing.
	www.indiadefence.com /Admgorshkov.htm (2064 words)

	Excelsior... Nation
		Admiral Prakash, who will take over as Vice Chief of Naval Staff next month, said that the three ships of Talwar class had enhanced the capabilities of the western fleet manifold in terms of its punch as far as weapons was concerned and its stealth capabilities.
		Talking about Admiral Gorshkov, he said that the negotiations with the Russian Government is making "rapid progress" and hoped that the final deal is expected to be inked by the year end.
		Admiral Prakash, a high-ranking fighter pilot, said that in the next two years, some of the ships of the western fleet that are based in Mumbai will be temporarily shifted to the Karwar base under construction at the Karnataka coast.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /web1/03sep24/national.htm (6529 words)

	A Brief Look at Russian Aircraft Carrier Development
		According to Soviet doctrine, aviation cruisers were intended not to serve as the centerpiece of naval strike capability (as the USN regards its own carriers), but as a supporting element for other naval operations.
		Nevertheless, with the Soviet Union's relatively rapid recovery from the war, plans were drafted for the construction of a new class of aircraft carriers, to begin before 1950.
		Admiral Kuznetsov was launched in 1985; the intervening political turmoil delayed her formal commissioning until 1991, and she did not become fully operational until 1995.
	www.webcom.com /~amraam/rcar.html (3062 words)

	Excelsior... Nation
		Admiral Madhvendra Singh, the Chief of Naval Staff, during his visit to this island city, earlier this month, has said that the aircraft carrier was in a good condition and expressed the hope that the Indian Navy will get it.
		The need for an aircraft carrier for the Indian Navy is felt for quite some time, especially after the decommissioning of INS Vikrant in 1997, which has now been converted into a maritime museum, currently moored off the Gateway of India.
		The lone aircraft-carrier of the Indian Navy is INS Viraat with the integral British-made sea-harrier aircraft flying from aboard this floating airfield.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /02nov23/national.htm (5082 words)

	WHAT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We had all along supported the Gorshkov deal for professional reasons and explained how it nearly got derailed when the IAF pitched for the SU 30 project and indicated that the SU 30 would be able to perform tasks at sea.
		In his piece Sayan has explained the history of the carrier Gorshkov, named after one of the benefactors of the Indian navy and has speculated on the Rafale aircraft for the carrier so the details of that machine which is still to be fully developed by France, is also appended.
		Admiral Sergei Gorshkov author of "Sea Power of the State" in his tenure of twenty-seven years as the Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Navy transformed it into a true "blue-water" Navy, from what was essentially a coastal force.
	www.indiadefence.com /Gorshkovdeal.htm (1845 words)

	Pakistani Defence Forum -> Gorshkov, Sold: The $1.5 Bln Lemon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Gorshkov, originally known as the Baku, was built in 1988 -- the fourth in a series of Kiev-class aircraft carriers, designed to be fitted with Yak-38 vertical takeoff jets and Ka-27 naval helicopters.
		The 44,570-ton Admiral Gorshkov is currently undergoing an extensive refit that includes extending its flight deck to accommodate advanced strike aircraft.
		The deal for the purchase of completely refurbished aircraft carrier was announced by Defence Minister George Fernandes and his Russian counterpart Sergei Ivanov at a joint press conference in New Delhi.
	www.pakistanidefenceforum.com /index.php?showtopic=25385 (3638 words)

	Waiting For Gorshkov
		The Soviet naval doctrine had traditionally accorded little or no place for aircraft carriers preferring to have a large fleet of submarines for force projection around the world, at one time having twice as many submarines as its American superpower rival.
		All four carriers were retired between 1991 and 1994, with the Gorshkov being the youngest also being the last to retire, and berthed in shipyards where the Gorshkov was badly damaged in a fire.
		Admiral Madhavendra Singh was virtually drooling as he spoke of the role these submarines could play in India's nuclear doctrine which calls for a "nuclear triad" i.e.
	pd.cpim.org /2003/1214/12142003_snd.htm (2082 words)

	India, Russia sign Gorshkov deal (... Nuclear armed aircraft carrier) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The deal for the purchase of the refurbished aircraft carrier was announced by Defence Minister George Fernandes and his Russian counterpart Sergei Ivanov at a joint press conference.
		In the context of the aircraft carrier sale, the Russian Defence Minister noted, “future contracts involve technical assistance and development of infrastructure.” Commenting on the T-90 main battle tank imported from Russia, Mr Ivanov said they are fully operational and have undergone all range of tests to assess its performance under different climatic conditions.
		Admiral Gorshkov was laid down at a shipyard in Nikolayev (Ukraine) in December 1978 and inducted into the then USSR Navy in December 1991 as Baku’;.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1061929/posts (3974 words)

	Defenceindia : 22-sep-2k3 : Navy News : India to ink Gorshkov deal soon
		India and Russia are expected to finalise the $2 billion deal for the Admiral Gorshkov, now decommissioned and berthed in a Black Sea port by the end of the year, said officials involved in the protracted negotiations.
		The purchase of the 45,000-tonne aircraft carrier has been hanging fire since 1994 because the two countries had not been able to agree on the price of refitting the ship according to the Indian Navy's requirements.
		Recent reports suggest that the delay in finalising the Gorshkov deal was largely on account of haggling over the cost of refurbishing the carrier, which has been berthed at a Black Sea port since it was decommissioned from the Russian Navy in the 1980s.
	www.defenceindia.com /22-sep-2k3/navy.html (445 words)

	India prefers the Russian arms bazaar
		The Russians are reportedly predicating the leasing of two nuclear-powered submarines on an approximately $750 million deal for a Soviet aircraft carrier, Admiral Gorshkov, that was crippled by a fire and has been lying unused for over a decade.
		Price negotiations for Admiral Gorshkov and the "associated" lease of the two nuclear-powered submarines are nearing closure, despite the all-party standing committee urging the defence ministry to reduce its reliance on Russia for military equipment and asking it to float global tenders to enable the "emergence of competitive prices."
		In his Jane's interview Admiral Singh hinted that the Navy might go in for additional Russian-built Talwar-class frigates as local shipyards were incapable of meeting its demands to sustain force levels.
	in.rediff.com /money/2003/sep/25spec.htm (837 words)

	Indian Navy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov is expected to be inducted by 2008 to meet India's naval aspirations(FFG 38).
		The naval aircrafts Sea Hawks and Alize' were also instrumental in sinking many gunboats and merchant navy vessels.
		There was one major casuality in the frigate INS Khukri (sunk by PNS Hangor) with another vessel INS Kirpan damaged in the western sector, but on the eastern front the opposing Pakistan Navy took a severe beating.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/I/Indian-Navy.htm (1315 words)

	INS news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Indian Navy expects to introduce its first locally built aircraft carrier by as soon as 2011, the defence minister George Fernandes has announced.
		India recently signed a purchase agreement to acquire the former Soviet Navy aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov for a figure of USD1.5Bn.
		Gorshkov was formally handed over to the Indian Navy earlier this week (9 March) and will be refurbished before being delivered to the Indian Navy sometime in 2008, the same year that India’s existing aircraft carrier INS Viraat is retired from service.
	www.ports.co.za /navalnews/article_2004_03_11_1538.html (114 words)

	Russian aircraft carrier Kiev to adorn Chinese theme park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The former centerpiece of the Soviet navy will be put on display in a three square kilometer (1.2 square mile) park in the port city of Tianjin, some 150 kilometers (94 miles) southeast of Beijing, Zhao Wei, spokesman for the Tianjin Beiyang Maritime Pleasure Ground Co. said.
		Another old Soviet aircraft carrier, the Varyag, arrived in the northeastern Chinese port of Dalian at the beginning of the year and was reportedly being outfitted to become a floating casino in the former Portuguese colony of Macau, near Hong Kong.
		Although the three aircraft carriers had been stripped of all military equipment, Western military experts said the ships could still aid China in developing its own carriers, the reports said.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/695153/posts (1752 words)

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