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Topic: Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev

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	AIRCRAFT CARRIER,
		Carriers, equipped with or capable of carrying missiles, are the heart of modern striking forces, accompanied by a variety of support vessels: destroyers and cruisers for protection and supply ships bearing fuel, ammunition, and food.
		The use of six aircraft carriers by Japan to attack Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, opened the war in the Pacific.
		All the present U.S. fleet is of the attack class, with capabilities for conversion to use as submarine warfare, utility, and assault helicopter aircraft carriers.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=200455 (1117 words)

	Soviet Navy - Biocrawler
		The Soviet Navy (Russian: Военно-морской флот СССР;, Voyenno-morskoy flot SSSR, literally "Naval military forces of the USSR") was the naval arm of the Soviet armed forces.
		Unfortunately for the Soviets, much of their fleet on the Baltic Sea was blocked in Leningrad and Kronstadt by Finnish and German minefields during 1941–1944 and heavily maimed by mines and air attacks.
		Kiev, a helicopter carrier and the rest of her class constituted an important component of the Soviet anti-submarine warfare system.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Soviet_Navy (1492 words)

	KSAMC - History
		Soviet Government considered necessary to give the utmost attention to the immediate reconstruction of ground and sea transportation, and decide to recover the aircraft manufacturing industry.
		The aircraft was then slightly modified according to test pilots' suggestions: the manufacturers sheathed the front part of the fuselage with duralumin, installed the additional fuel tank and made major changes to the construction of the keel and steering system.
		On August 8, 1933 the aircraft was taxied to the runway.
	www.ksamc.com /eng/history (3158 words)

	Soviet Navy Information
		The Soviet Navy generally placed less importance on aircraft carriers than their American rivals, however, it was felt that a carrier force of some form was needed.
		A distinctive feature of Soviet carriers is their offensive missile armament (as well as a long-range AAW suite), reflecting an operational concept which placed less emphasis on escort vessels, compared with Western carrier operations.
		The Soviet attack submarine force was, like the rest of the navy, geared towards the interception of NATO convoys, but also targeted American aircraft carrier battle groups.
	www.bookrags.com /Soviet_Navy (1613 words)

	Soviet_aircraft_carrier_Kiev - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia
		Kiev served the Soviet and Russian navies from 1975 to 1993.
		The Kiev was laid down on July 21, 1970 and launched on 26 December 1972.
		In 1976 she was moved from the Black Sea to her destination Severomorsk, as a part of the Northern Fleet.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Soviet_aircraft_carrier_Kiev (418 words)

	Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev
		USSR aircraft carrier Kiev served the USSR navy from 1975 to 1996.
		It was built from 1970 till 1975 at Chernomorski factory in Mykolayiv and was the first ship of his class.
		Kiev is part of the military theme park in Tjandzin since 1 May 2004.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/s/so/soviet_aircraft_carrier_kiev.html (78 words)

	Ships in Bottles, Aircraft Carrier, Kiev
		Aircraft carriers like the Kiev are particularly suited to square bottles like this gin bottle.
		The Kiev, launched in 1975, was the first Soviet example of an aircraft carrier to be built.
		There was much speculation at the time that the Chinese navy was aquiring an aircraft carrier, however, the ship has since been tied up at Shenzhen near Hong Kong and a private company, the Minsk Aircraft Carrier Industry Company Ltd, has spent nearly 28 million dollars US to convert the ship into an amusement park....
	seafarer.netfirms.com /2/kiev.htm (444 words)

	The Soviet Navy ‘Forger’: Yak-36M, Yak-38, Yak-38U and Yak-38M
		The Soviet Navy ‘Forger’: Yak-36M, Yak-38, Yak-38U and Yak-38M
		In fact, the presence of the VVS during the design phase was more the result of Soviet methods of military planning and procurement rather than a reflection of genuine interest on the part of the air chiefs; by this stage, it was clear that the new aircraft would be tailored for naval needs.
		The aircraft was extensively photographed during this shakedown cruise (during which Kiev sailed from the Black Sea, through the Mediterranean, heading north via the Iceland-Faeroes gap, to join the Northern Fleet at Murmansk) and the aircraft was allocated the reporting name ‘Forger-A’ by the ASCC.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/article_488.shtml (4502 words)

	A Brief Look at Russian Aircraft Carrier Development
		According to Soviet doctrine, aviation cruisers were intended not to serve as the centerpiece of naval strike capability (as the USN regards its own carriers), but as a supporting element for other naval operations.
		Nevertheless, with the Soviet Union's relatively rapid recovery from the war, plans were drafted for the construction of a new class of aircraft carriers, to begin before 1950.
		The costs of an aircraft carrier also serve as a point of criticism; in an echo of claims made by critics in the United States, Russian critics have argued that one must not only pay for the carrier, but the accompanying task group to protect it.
	www.webcom.com /~amraam/rcar.html (3062 words)

	Aircraft Carriers of the Developing World \| Human Security Review
		Aircraft carriers increase a country’s ability to backup foreign policy with force in regions far from its homeland.
		The carrier is scheduled to be deployed in 2008, which would make India the only developing country with two operating carriers.
		Thus,while some developing countries do maintain aircraft carriers, only India (and possibly China in the future) appear to be looking to carriers to boost their power projection.
	humansecurityreview.com /aircraft-carriers-of-the-developing-world (762 words)

	WorldWideAircraftCarriers.com -Kuznetsov Page
		The Kuznetsov pioneered a carrier capability known as "Short take-off, arrested landing" (STOAL) and had an inclined front flight deck to assist aircraft into the air, taking a note from the UK Invincible class.
		Aircraft are recovered with arresting landing per conventional carriers on the angled flight deck from the rear.
		At 65,000 tons and with an airwing of fifty aircraft, the Soviets finally had their large deck carrier and started a second, the Varyag, before their time came to an end.
	www.freewebs.com /jeffhead/worldwideaircraftcarriers/kuznetsov.htm (300 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		One example of Soviet resourcefulness was the battleship Marat, an aging pre-WWI ship sunk at anchor in Kronstadt's harbor by German Stukas in 1941.
		Soviet submarine Ð-21 under the command of a Captain Lunin attacked the German battleship Tirpitz at 71Â° 22' 2"N, 24Â° 34' 3"E. Results of that attack is discussed, as no German sources confirm damage of Tirpitz of any other ship, but in Ð-21 logbook two torpedo-burst was mentioned.
		The Soviet shipbuilding program kept yards busy constructing submarines based upon World War II German Kriegsmarine designs, and were launched with great frequency in the immediate post-war years.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Soviet_Navy (1956 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Carriers: Airpower at Sea - A Changing Role / Part 4
		These carriers are all extremely large, in order to accommodate the large, modern jet attack and fighter aircraft.
		However, with the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991, the future of the aircraft carriers and other ships of the former Soviet Navy was put in doubt.
		Many of the former Soviet carriers have either been retired or placed into inactive status, and the ships under construction may never be completed.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /sea/carriers/cvchap3d.htm (718 words)

	Russia, Military Exercises, Navy - CDI RW 5 November 2004
		The last time the carrier was at sea with its air wing to practice deck landings and takeoffs was fully seven years ago.
		The Kuznetsov is a modernized version of a Kiev-class aircraft carrier with an extended fly deck and other improvements.
		Typically, a Russian aircraft carrier puts to sea for a month or two, and then spends years in the shipyard undergoing repairs.
	www.cdi.org /russia/329-9.cfm (785 words)

	China to build 93,000-ton atomic-powered aircraft carrier: source : International : Home
		When the nuclear-powered carrier is finished, China will own an aircraft carrier which is on par with the U.S.’s newest of such vessels, the 97,000-ton atomic-powered USS Ronald Reagan, which recently docked at Busan Port to participate in a joint exercise between the South Korean and U.S. militaries.
		The non-atomic-powered carrier, due to be completed in 2010, will be a mid-sized carrier with a standard displacement of 48,000 tons and a full-load displacement of 64,000 tons and will be able to carry 30-40 Chinese-built J-10 fighters, which China fielded in December last year.
		The Chinese authorities are reportedly overhauling J-10 fighters to be loaded onto the new aircraft carriers.
	english.hani.co.kr /arti/english_edition/e_international/199284.html (598 words)

	Chronology 1941
		The Soviet and Japanese governments signed a Treaty of Neutrality, which pledged both countries to remain neutral in the event of a war with a third party.
		The British and American governments recognized that the Soviets were in danger of collapse and an immediate infusion of military equipment and supplies was necessary to keep the Russians in the war.
		Japanese carrier aircraft launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet, anchored at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.
	www.indiana.edu /~league/1941.htm (4715 words)

	A Mounting Soviet Threat to the Northern Tier
		Soviet influence was greatly enhanced by chronic friction in America's bilateral relations with Turkey and Pakistan.
		The Soviets exploited the American hostage crisis and further ingratiated themselves with the Iranians by using the Tudeh and KGB to infiltrate and betray op position groups, by warning Iran of the impending Iraqi attack in September 1980, and by channeling arms to Iran through Syria Libya, and North Korea.
		Soviet influ ence in Gulf capitals would increase in direct proportion to its influence over Iran, the chief external threat to all the Gulf states.
	www.heritage.org /Research/RussiaandEurasia/bg274.cfm (3623 words)

	Gallery
		She was caught and sunk near Ceylon (Sri Lanka) by Japanese carrier aircraft during the Japanese carrier raid into the Indian Ocean in spring 1942.
		HMS Furious, Aircraft Carrier 1918 - A carrier with an island in the middle of the flight deck.
		This model of the original carrier for the USN was scratch-built and donated to the museum by CDR Josiah "Cy" Kirby, USNR (Ret).
	www.steelnavy.com /gallery_aircraft_carriers.htm (4200 words)

	The Aircraft Carrier Survivors
		The aircraft carrier as a museum is a relatively new concept.
		The second of the trouble-prone Kiev class of Soviet carriers, it was retired after less than 20 years at sea when its VSTOL aircraft were withdrawn from service.
		Another former Soviet aircraft carrier, the larger Kuznetsov class Varyag, which was never completed, is rumored to be under conversion to be a cruise ship.
	www.johnweeks.com /carriers (424 words)

	Aircraft carrier Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Carriers steam at speed, for example up to 35 knots (65 km/h), into the wind during take-off in order to increase the apparent wind speed, thereby reducing the speed of the aircraft relative to the ship.
		Though aircraft carriers are given their definition with respect to fixed-wing aircraft, the first known instance of using a ship for airborne operations occurred in 1806, when the British Royal Navy's Lord Thomas Cochrane launched kites from the 32-gun frigate HMS Pallas in order to drop propaganda leaflets on the French territory.
		By the late 1930s, aircraft carriers around the world typically carried three types of aircraft: torpedo bombers, also used for conventional bombings and reconnaissance; dive bombers, also used for reconnaissance (in the U.S. Navy, this type of aircraft were known as "scout bombers"); and fighters for fleet defence and bomber escort duties.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Aircraft_carrier.html (7488 words)

	Google Earth Community: Chinese aircraft carrier - Deactivated?
		It is the former Soviet / Russian aircraft carrier Kiev.
		Kiev was retired in 1993 and was sold to a Chinese company in 1996.
		This carrier is the one at Taijin, and in the set of placemarks you put up it also marks it as being the Kiev.
	bbs.keyhole.com /ubb/showflat.php?Cat=0&Number=718811 (453 words)

	The Aircraft Carrier Survivors
		The aircraft carrier as a museum is a relatively new concept.
		The second of the trouble-prone Kiev class of Soviet carriers, it was retired after less than 20 years at sea when its VSTOL aircraft were withdrawn from service.
		Another former Soviet aircraft carrier, the larger Kuznetsov class Varyag, which was never completed, is rumored to be under conversion to be a cruise ship.
	www.visi.com /~jweeks/carriers (424 words)

	Kiev Class - Project 1143
		In the second unit, launched as the Minsk, the aircraft capacity was increased by 50% a changing the arrangement of aircraft on the hangar deck.
		The 38,000 ton Kiev was the prototype of the second class of Soviet carrier.
		The Kiev, which served in the Russian navy from 1975 to 1994, was said to be heading from Shanghai to Tianjin.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/1143.htm (704 words)

	Soviet Navy vs. U.S. Navy
		The Cold War fought between the United States and the Soviet Union spanned the entire globe and the seven seas.
		Shown on this DVD are six rare films explaining both Soviet and American naval history, and revealing their capabilities at the height of the Cold War.
		Witness a Soviet fleet exercise involving cruisers, submarines, and hundreds of aircraft.
	www.aeroclippervideo.com /Soviet_Navy_vs_U_S_Navy_Cold_War_Warships_DVD_p/avc-011.htm (178 words)

	Black Sea Fleet (BSF) Morskoyo Flota ( Naval Force) - Russian and Soviet Nuclear Forces
		At the disintegration of the Soviet Union, estimates of the number of ships counted in the Black Sea Fleet varied widely, from as many as 635 to as few as 300 warships and submarines.
		During the negotiations for the CFE treaty, the division was transferred to the navy and transformed into a coastal defense division.
		Russians leased the Saki shore carrier flight training facility on the Crimean Peninsula prior to the re-deployment of the Kuznetsov to the Northern Fleet.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/russia/agency/mf-black.htm (1816 words)

	"Belavia" Belarusian National Airline
		Belavia is the national carrier of Belarus.It now serves 18 European and Middle East destination on a scheduled basis, and has a lot of holiday charter flights to Mediterranean tourist region.
		Belavia’s fleet renewal strategy is aimed at fleet optimization in line with route network, reduction in the number of operating types of passenger aircraft families from 5 to 3 and at the transition to operation of modern, fuel efficient and comfortable types of aircraft.
		These aircraft in combination with Boeing 737/500 will allow the designated flag carrier to gain competitive strength on the European market, to provide a higher level of service for clients as well as to develop its route network and to meet the growing demand for air services.
	www.belavia.by /bag.htm (1924 words)

	Asia Times - India, China join hands at sea
		The joint exercises are a sure sign that the two countries are now prepared to put behind them the bitterness arising from a brief but bloody border war in 1962 and decades of mutual suspicion broken only last month through joint declarations pledging to increase trade ties and sort out territorial issues.
		The all-party parliamentary defense committee has urged the government to finalize the carrier's purchase "immediately", as it would take 52 months after the contract is concluded with the Servmarsh dockyard at Sverdovesk, northern Russia, to resurrect the vessel, crippled by fire and abandoned for more than a decade.
		In April, the committee warned the ministry that further delay in clinching the Gorshkov deal might lead to an operational gap as the INS Virat, the navy's sole aging carrier, is due for decommissioning by 2007-08.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/EG08Df01.html (1058 words)

	Chronology of the Second World War
		Soviet Union proposes a triple alliance with Britain and France.
		The Soviet Union is expelled from the League of Nations.
		The German Army captures Kiev, the Ukrainian capital in the Soviet Union.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWchron.htm (1879 words)

	Videotrip - interesting videos, trips, travels, expeditions and more » Blog Archive » Soviet aircraft ...
		She was known as Riga when her keel was laid down at Nikolayev South (formerly Shipyard 444) in Nikolayev 6 December 1985, and she was launched 4 December 1988, but she was renamed Varyag (Varangian) in late 1990, after a famous Russian cruiser.
		Due to the poor condition of the hulk, it is thought highly unlikely that the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) will commission the carrier; rather, many analysts suggest that the PLAN intends to examine the carrier as a model for an indigenous carrier to be built later.
		Others counter that the carrier does not represent modern technology; the PLAN could probably have learned all they needed from Varyag without towing it all the way to China.
	videotrip.eu /soviet-aircraft-carrier-varyag (526 words)

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