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	Anthem History
		In 1833, the competition for the new anthem was won by a violinist and composer Prince A.F. Lvov (1798-1870), and his music, along with the text by Vasily Zhukovsky, court poet and Pushkin's friend, served until 1917 (Lvov's Bozhe, tsaria khrani).
		The music of this anthem, as well as the text, were an adaptation of the 1938 Hymn of the Bolsheviks.
		As the Soviet national Anthem, it was first publicly performed on 1/1/1944 and officially adopted on 3/15/1944).
	www.stanford.edu /class/slavgen194a/hymn/anthem_history.htm (427 words)

	National Anthem of the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		National Anthem of the USSR (Hymn, Гимн Советского Союза) replaced the Internationale as the national anthem on March 15, 1944.
		The song was originally written as the Anthem of the Bolshevik Party with lyrics in Alexandrine by Vasily Lebedev-Kumach in 1939.
		In 2000, the old Soviet national anthem was readopted with Mikhalkov writing new lyrics to represent Russia's new non-communist nature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hymn_of_the_Soviet_Union (742 words)

	Russian Orthodox Church Approves as Putin Decides to Sing to a Soviet Tune - Christianity Today Magazine
		The president wants Russia to have a range of national emblems combining both tsarist and Soviet symbols, including the tricolor pre-revolutionary flag, the tsarist double-headed eagle and the music of the Soviet national anthem by Soviet composer, Alexander Alexandrov, for which new lyrics are to be written.
		The Soviet anthem, which cleverly combines musical features of both a march and a song, was written by Alexandrov in 1943, originally as the Communist Party anthem.
		Soviet leader Joseph Stalin approved the music and ordered the lyrics to be rewritten so the song could serve as the national anthem.
	www.christianitytoday.com /ct/2000/149/57.0.html (1173 words)

	Duma Votes To Restore Soviet Anthem. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The notion of restoring the music of an anthem approved by Josef Stalin has enraged liberals who have called for a complete break with the Soviet era as a mark of respect for the millions of victims of his totalitarian rule.
		Putin defended the restoration of the anthem in a television address this week, saying his choice of symbols was meant to unite Russians by taking the best from their tumultuous history.
		In the likely event of the old Soviet tune being approved on Friday, the stirring melody will have to remain wordless for some time while famed children's poet Sergei Mikhalkov re-writes the lyrics, for the third time in his life.
	www.eng.yabloko.ru /Publ/2000/Agency/Vote_gimn.html (644 words)

	U. S. S. R. 1944-1992 - National Anthem Reference Page
		It has since been readopted as the official anthem of Russia, but with new words to reflect its new democratic nature.
		In 1936 Stalin decided a change in national anthem was needed, believing the lyrics of the "Internationale" spoke of work that was yet to be done by the workers of the world; Stalin, however, believed that the worker's ultimate goal has been achieved.
		At the same time the Soviet anthem lyrics were slightly changed, the anthems of the Soviet republics were slightly changed for the same reason as well.
	david.national-anthems.net /sun.htm (674 words)

	Soviet National Anthem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In the end of 2000 melody of the Soviet National Anthem was adopted as National Hymn of Russia.
		The Soviet national Anthem before the year 1944 was Internatsional.
		In the 1970's anthem of all the pioneers and socialistic youth of the world could have been the pop song Moi adres - Sovetskij Sojuz by the group "Samotsvety" (this is a 3.9 Mb WAV sound file).
	www.funet.fi /pub/culture/russian/html_pages/soviet.html (553 words)

	National Anthem Calls Russia 'Holy' / Lyrics of Russia's national anthem [Free Republic]
		The Soviet-era music was revived earlier this month by the Russian parliament, replacing the wordless anthem by 19th-century composer Mikhail Glinka that had been in use since the collapse of the Soviet Union nearly a decade ago.
		But they needed new lyrics, because the old Soviet anthem's praise for the Communist Party was no longer considered appropriate after the 1991 collapse of communism.
		He agreed on a compromise under which the old anthem would be restored, while Russia would keep the post-Soviet tricolor flag and the state coat of arms with the czarist double-headed eagle.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3a4e1cfb2843.htm (1481 words)

	Return of Soviet anthem, banner raises red flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Even former President Boris Yeltsin, who had banished the Soviet anthem and the red-flag trappings of the Soviet state in 1991, said he was disappointed in his successor.
		But it is the anthem, the music to "Unbreakable Union," Alexander Alexandrov's composition that Soviet dictator Josef Stalin chose as the anthem in 1944, that has set off the most bitter argument.
		Russia's Unity Party, which claims Putin as its leader, even sought to prove that the Soviet anthem was not purely Soviet because Alexandrov borrowed its refrain and other shards of its score from 19th-century composers when he wrote the piece for Stalin.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /national/russ096.shtml (774 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Soviet anthem set for comeback
		Recent polls show that 46% of Russians favour reinstating the Soviet anthem, which is considered less complex and easier to remember than the current Russian one.
		But liberal opposition groups Yabloko and the Union of Right Forces have opposed a return to the Soviet anthem, which they describe as a "symbol of the bloody crimes of Stalinism".
		The Soviet anthem was adopted after a competition in 1943 as Red Army troops began to turn the tables on the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/1054949.stm (410 words)

	Russia, National Anthem
		The 381-51 vote to reinstate the Soviet anthem stirred Russia's liberals who argued that its melody revived memories of the Stalinist regime that sent millions of people to labor camps and death.
		The new law should apparently curb and punish attempts to dishonor the anthem by refusing to stand up while it plays -- a move advocated by the opponents of the Soviet tune.
		Approved personally by Soviet dictator Josef Stalin, the tune later came to symbolize the might of the Soviet Union and its World War II glory.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/5566-6.cfm (301 words)

	Governors suggest restoring Soviet anthem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		After reviewing eight proposed anthems, the governors deemed two to be the most appropriate – the current one, and its Soviet-era predecessor.
		Petersburg governor Vladimir Yakovlev rejected the warnings that the Soviet anthem, whose original lyrics sang glory to Soviet founder Vladimir Lenin, dictator Josef Stalin, and the Communist Party, was too closely associated with Soviet-era repression.
		I must note that the Soviet Union, true to its Allied obligations, denounced its neutrality treaty with Japan after the war with Hitler ended and attacked and crushed the Japanese army.
	www.russiajournal.com /fan/russia_3949_6046_news.htm (668 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Duma approves Soviet anthem
		"Adopting the music of the anthem of the Soviet Union as the main song of the Russian Federation can in no way be seen as compromising Russian statehood or an insult to our democracy," Communist deputy and former Soviet parliament speaker Anatoly Lukyanov was quoted as saying during the session.
		When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Russia ditched the anthem and replaced it with Patriotic Song, by the 19th-century Russian composer Mikhail Glinka.
		The old Soviet anthem, by contrast, is a stirring, singable melody.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/1060975.stm (513 words)

	Putin's Old Song By Anne Applebaum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Soviet national anthem, in its proper form, was full of such language.
		Some argued that no one could sing the new anthem, which was not surprising, as no one had written words to it.
		I think the real difference with the old Soviet system was that nobody believed their slogans anymore and in fact they were held in ridicule.
	slate.msn.com /id/94911 (958 words)

	The Hindu : Russia to revive Soviet anthem
		The Soviet anthem, written in 1943, sang praise to ``the solid union of free republics huddled around Russia''.
		Russian liberals strongly protested reintroducing the Soviet anthem, denouncing it as a ``symbol of the bloody crimes of Stalinism''.
		However, recent polls showed that 49 per cent of Russians supported adopting the Soviet anthem, with its far more stirring and familiar melody, which is moreover associated with the Soviet Union's victory in World War.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2000/12/06/stories/0306000e.htm (402 words)

	Russia restores Soviet anthem, Tsarist flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Putin, keen to bolster Russia's nationhood, earlier this week defended the Soviet anthem, saying he wanted to unite Russians by taking the best from their tumultuous history.
		The anthem remains wordless for the moment pending a study of proposed new lyrics.
		The legislation stipulates that those present during the playing of the anthem must stand to attention and men must remove their hats.
	www.russiajournal.com /fan/russia_5965_4019_news.htm (1540 words)

	Russian Anthems museum
		(anthem performed on July 16, 1948 on the concert dedicated to the 500th anniversary of the autocephalous status of the Russian Orthodox Church, in the Grand Hall of the Moscow Conservatoire.
		The anthem was in the band repertoire because Tsar Nicholas II was the colonel-in-chief of the Royal Scots Greys (merged with another unit in 1971 to form the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards), and the anthem was played as the opening for formal affairs in his honor
		Four years later, Alexandrov rewrote this music for the national anthem contest, and it was chosen for the anthem.
	www.vad1.com /anthems (6092 words)

	Guardian \| Intelligentsia revolts as Putin brings back Soviet anthem
		This week the Duma is expected to approve a bizarre mixture of soviet and tsarist emblems as the official iconography of new Russia, including the old anthem, (with new, as yet undecided verses), the tsarist two-headed eagle as the state coat of arms, and the pre-revolutionary tricolor as the national flag.
		Alexander Alexandrov's stirring anthem was written in 1943, when much of European Russia was under German occupation, and the Soviet dicta tor Joseph Stalin gave it his personal approval.
		As statues of Lenin toppled with the collapse of communism in 1991, it was abandoned by former president Boris Yeltsin and the hunt began for a replacement.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4101068-103610,00.html (443 words)

	Kremlin looks for a new national anthem, may adapt Soviet anthem
		Moscow, Nov 5 : The Kremlin is looking for a new national anthem, capable of giving a sop to the sagging morale of millions of Russians, in the faceof crumbling old infrastructure, increasing foreign debt and threat of depopulation.
		A special commission on Russia's new national anthem is expected to submit its proposals this month to President Vladimir Putin, to make the finalchoice or put the issue to a nationwide referendum very soon.
		Otto Latsis, a well-known political analysts with Izvestia newspaper, saidthat the issue was not about the merits of the Soviet anthem's musiccomposed by Alexander Alexandrov, a general who headed the Red Army songand dance ensemble.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/20001106/iin06039.html (505 words)

	Soviet anthem unacceptable for Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Moscow - The old Soviet hymn is unacceptable for today's Russia, a prominent reformist leader and lawmaker has warned, deepening the public controversy over Russia's future anthem.
		Recent polls show that 46 percent of Russians favor reinstituting "Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza" or "Hymn of the Soviet Union," as the anthem, despite opposition by several prominent public figures and the Orthodox Church.
		Yabloko has staunchly opposed the Soviet hymn as one of "the symbols of the bloody crimes of Stalinism," proposing instead to keep the provisional Glinka anthem or adopting a completely new melody.
	www.eng.yabloko.ru /Publ/2000/Papers/gimn_TOI.html (341 words)

	Parliament Restores Soviet Anthem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The State Duma on Friday overwhelmingly approved President Vladimir Putin's request to reinstate the tune of the Stalin-era anthem and a tsarist flag and eagle as the country's state symbols.
		Liberals, who had demanded a new anthem to break with the excesses of Stalinism, cried foul, saying they had been denied time to speak during the Duma session.
		Yabloko and the SPS oppose restoration of the symbols of the Soviet Union
	www.eng.yabloko.ru /Publ/2000/Papers/gimn_mt.html (682 words)

	Russian v US anthem [Free Republic]
		The Soviet anthem is awesome, but the US anthem actually represents spirit of the country and the Soviet anthem didn't.
		The brief comes up, the mural drops down, the band starts playing the Soviet anthem, the pilots are singing...the Group CO looks like he's about to throw up, and the Wing CG's face in inscrutable.
		Anthems come and go and are often changed but nations remain.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3a3102b1341b.htm (2480 words)

	Yeltsin Opposes Soviet Anthem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Russian Orthodox Church, which was initially believed to oppose the Soviet anthem, has reversed its stance and backed Putin's proposal.
		But liberal politicians and many leading cultural figures have strongly assailed the reinstatement of the Soviet anthem, saying it invokes the memory of totalitarian rule and political repression.
		Yeltsin supported that viewpoint, dismissing the argument that the Soviet anthem's music was good, easy to remember and associated with Soviet-era sports victories and other achievements.
	dev.themoscowtimes.com /stories/2000/12/07/153.html (292 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Europe / In remarks, Putin laments Soviet fall
		He spoke on the collapse of the Soviet Union and its effects on Russians as the country is awash in nostalgia just two weeks before the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II in Europe -- a conflict Russians call the ''Great Patriotic War."
		Putin, who served as a colonel in the KGB, has resurrected some communist symbols during his presidency, bringing back the music of the old Soviet anthem and the Soviet-style red banner as the military's flag.
		Workers are frantically painting and scrubbing the city; red, star-studded posters hailing war veterans are plastered around the capital; and vintage Soviet war films are being shown almost nightly on television.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2005/04/26/in_remarks_putin_laments_soviet_fall (609 words)

	CNN.com - Upper chamber backs Soviet anthem - December 20, 2000
		Regional governors who serve in the Federation Council stood respectfully as the anthem, composed by Alexander Alexandrov during World War II, was played in the chamber after the vote.
		New lyrics to replace the anthem's one-time praise for Soviet founder Lenin and dictator Josef Stalin have yet to be adopted.
		Former President Boris Yeltsin dumped the Soviet anthem in the early 1990s, imposing instead an obscure melody by 19th century composer Mikhail Glinka which quite failed to fire the popular imagination.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/europe/12/20/russia.anthem (439 words)

	CNN.com - Duma approves old Soviet anthem - December 8, 2000
		Since the end of the Soviet Union, Russia has had a "temporary" anthem with music by the Russian classical composer Glinka, but it never had lyrics.
		A government commission had been working fruitlessly since 1992, trying to find a permanent national anthem but it could never settle on lyrics and Russians stood mute as the melody was played.
		Earlier this week in a television address, Putin defended the restoration of Alexander Alexandrov's rousing tune, saying his choice of symbols was meant to unite Russians by taking the best from their tumultuous history.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/europe/12/08/russia.anthem (677 words)

	PDS Russia Religion News December 2000
		The music of the soviet anthem does not evoke in the chief rabbi a negative association with the past since, in his opinion, "there is no point in ascribing any intentions to music that is connected with that period."
		The church, a harsh critic of the Soviet era, was expected to oppose the anthem.
		Putin balanced the choice of the old Soviet anthem with the adoption of the red-blue-and-white flag and twin-headed eagle as state emblems -- tsarist era throwbacks embraced under Yeltsin.
	www.stetson.edu /~psteeves/relnews/0012a.html (5815 words)

	Russian Anthems museum
		This anthem never became official, because on December 31, 1999 President Yeltsin resigned, passing the power to Putin (who later preferred the old Soviet music, to Yeltsin’s displeasure).
		In the tumultous 1991, this lyrics to the Russian anthem had a good chance to be pubicly accepted.
		Russian Anthem: the controversy continues — site for those who don’t like the adoption of the old anthem.
	www.skazka.no /anthems (6092 words)

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