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 | | Before the experimental adoption of the screw in warships in the 1840s, the only available steam technology was that of the paddle wheels, which, due to their positioning on the side of the hull and the large machinery they required, were not compatible with the broadside cannon layout of the battleships. |
 | | Brown powder (fl powder, "incorporating charcoal that was only partially carbonized" [link]), which combusted less rapidly, allowed longer barrels, which allowed greater accuracy; and because it expanded less sharply than regular fl powder, it put less strain on the insides of the barrel, allowing guns to last longer and to be manufactured to tighter tolerances. |
 | | Battleships still in existence as museums include the American USS Massachusetts, North Carolina, Alabama and Texas, the British HMS Mary Rose and Warrior, the Japanese Mikasa, the Swedish Vasa, the Dutch Buffel and Schorpioen, and the Chilean Huascar. |
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