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Topic: Soviet occupation zone

	SOVIET DEPORTATIONS OF POLISH NATIONALS - Photo Album I
		In the Soviet occupation zone and under the Soviet “law”, Polish citizens were not only dispossessed of their earthly belongings - they also lost their professional and social status to become: former army/police officer, former judge, former factory owner, etc. In the case of Jadwiga Guzkowska, she became instantly a “former landowner”.
		By the Supreme Soviet Presidium's Decree of November 29, 1939, all Polish citizens residing in the Soviet occupation zone were stripped of their Polish citizenship and branded with the Soviet.
		The outbreak of hostilities between the Nazis and Soviets on June 22, 1941 was followed by the Soviets' panicky retreat during which the NKVD was unable to "evacuate" Polish citizens from overcrowded prisons in the Soviet occupation zone.
	www.electronicmuseum.ca /Poland-WW2/soviet_deportations/deportations_album_1.html (3308 words)

	East Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was declared fully sovereign in 1954, but Soviet troops remained on grounds of the four-power Potsdam agreement, largely to counterbalance the U.S. presence in West Germany during the Cold War.
		Soviet objections to economic and political reforms in western (US, UK, and French) occupation zones led to Soviet withdrawal from the ACC in 1948 and subsequent evolution of the SBZ into East Germany.
		Since Berlin was entirely enclosed in the Soviet part of Germany, the areas of Berlin being held under the control of the UK, the United States and France soon became known as West Berlin while the Soviet sector became known as East Berlin.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/East_Germany (4551 words)

	East Germany - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The GDR was proclaimed in the Soviet sector of Berlin on October 7, 1949.
		Soviet objections to economic and political reforms in western (US, UK, and French) occupation zones led to Soviet withdrawal from the ACC in 1948 and subsequent evolution of the SBZ into the GDR.
		Since Berlin was entirely enclosed in the Soviet part of Germany, the areas of Berlin being held under the control of the three western countries soon became known as West Berlin.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /east_germany.htm (1653 words)

	Russia, Germans, History - CDI RW 24 September 2004
		Soviet citizens apparently had no reason to sympathize with Germans after those horrible atrocities, which had been committed by the Wehrmacht and the SS on Soviet territory.
		Soviet military authorities in those areas informed Moscow in the summer of 1945 that Sudetenland Germans, mostly women, old people and children, had been given only 60 minutes to pack their belongings.
		The arrival of virtually impoverished German deportees into the war-torn Soviet occupation zone right after the cessation of hostilities was a tremendous burden on the local population and the Soviet military administration.
	www.cdi.org /russia/323-7.cfm (1358 words)

	Expulsion of Germans after World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The expulsion of Germans after World War II refers to the mass deportation of people considered Germans (both Reichsdeutsche and Volksdeutsche) from Soviet-occupied areas outside of the Soviet occupation zone of Germany, and is one major part of the German exodus from Eastern Europe after World War II.
		In actuality, twice as many expelled Germans found refuge in the occupation zones that later formed "West Germany" than in "East Germany", and large numbers went to other countries of the world, many to the United States.
		The primary motivation for this change was the collapse of the Soviet Union, which allowed previously marginalised issues such as crimes committed by Russians during World War II to be raised.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Expulsion_of_Germans_after_World_War_II (2433 words)

	East Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The German Democratic Republic (Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR, or GDR), commonly known as East Germany, was a Communist Party-led state that existed from 1949 to 1990 in the former Soviet occupation zone of Germany.
		The Lander of Mecklenburg, Brandenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and the eastern sector of Greater Berlin fell in the Soviet Sector of Germany, or SBZ.
		Soviet objections to economic and political reforms in western (US, UK, and French) occupation zones led to Soviet withdrawl from the ACC in 1948 and subsequent evolution of the SBZ into the GDR.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/east_germany (1559 words)

	Germany (East) The Soviet Military Administration - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current ...
		Headquartered in Berlin-Karlshorst, the SMAD was the Soviet occupation authority until its functions were handed over to the Soviet Control Commission on October 7, 1949, the day on which the German Democratic Republic was founded.
		Almost from the beginning of the occupation, the Communist Party of Germany, headed by Walter Ulbricht, began to assume civil authority.
		The supervision of the police forces--reorganized on the basis of the five existing states of the Soviet zone--was a prime objective of the new German Administration of the Interior.
	www.photius.com /countries/germany_east/national_security/germany_east_national_security_the_soviet_military_~275.html (393 words)

	Stiftung Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The four zones - result of the division of Germany between the four victorious powers after the breakdown of the NS regime - developed in different ways since 1945.
		Outside Germany the contrasts between East and West are also growing.The Soviet policy of expansion especially in the East and Southeast of Europe leads to a substantial change in American foreign politics in 1947.
		Since the end of the Second World War the city is located in the middle of the Soviet occupation zone, but it is divided into four sectors under common administration of the four Allied Powers.
	www.hdg.de /Final/eng/page1677.htm (556 words)

	Review of The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945-1949
		Rather, the occupation was shaped largely by a complex mixture of opportunism, principle, "Bolshevik predisposition," (468) and conflict with the West.
		SVAG and the SED's abandonment of "a German road to socialism" in favor of a "Sovietized" SBZ in 1947 and 1948, however, was also the direct result of continued economic hardship in the zone, the unpopularity of the Russians and the SED, and the deepening East-West split.
		The Soviet occupation of Germany was a failure for the Soviets and a disaster for the Germans.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /GENOCIDE/reviewsw11.htm (1735 words)

	European NAvigator - Measures to safeguard the Soviet Zone (June 1948) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		All means of transport, proceeding along the waterways from the Soviet zone to the Western zones and vice versa, must obtain a licence from the chief of the transport department of the Soviet Military Administration and will be allowed passage only after thorough preliminary inspection of cargoes and ships and personal luggage of ship crews.
		The passage through control points of demarcation lines of persons proceeding on foot from the Western zones to the Soviet occupation zone in Germany with interzonal passes issued in the Western zones is discontinued.
		Persons proceeding from the Soviet zone to the Western occupation zones in Germany pass through the control points in accordance with previous rules.
	www.enafree.lu /obj/texte/en/txt00090.HTM (375 words)

	Stiftung Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Soviet occupation zone (Sowjetische Besatzungszone or SBZ) comprises Mecklenburg/West Pomerania, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saxony.
		The Soviet Military Administration in Germany and German Communists - especially the returnees from exile in Moscow - control developments in the Soviet occupied zone and its gradual alignment with the Soviet Union.
		Under strong pressure from the occupying Soviets, the SPD and the German CP are obliged in 1946, against all democratic principles, to merge into the Socialist Unity Party SED.
	www.hdg.de /Final/eng/page149.htm (987 words)

	German public health in British, American and Soviet exile, 1943-1946 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On one hand, Soviet contact with Germans in Soviet exile or captivity resulted in the establishment of a cadre of antifascist administrators and politicians, who were fundamental to the reconstruction efforts in the Soviet occupation zone after 1945.
		Thus, in the Soviet zone, many of the important administrative and teaching positions in public health were immediately occupied by German health politicians who had been in exile in Moscow, many of whom had made their names in the health policy debates of the 1920s and early 1930s.
		While officials in the Soviet occupation zone had, at least temporarily, an almost ready-made set of cadres at their disposal and, even more importantly, a very clear idea of which people were to be trusted, officials in the British and American occupation zones had neither.
	albinoni.brera.unimi.it /old/MilanWorkshop2003/Reinisch (508 words)

	Post-War East Germany
		An SMAD decree of June 10 granted permission for the formation of antifascist democratic political parties in the Soviet zone; elections to new state legislatures were scheduled for October 1946.
		Soviet and Western cooperation in Germany ended with the onset of the Cold War in late 1947.
		In addition, the Soviet Union arranged to strengthen the influence of the SED in the antifascist bloc.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/EGermPW.html (1947 words)

	Socialist Unity Party of Germany 1946-1990 (East Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The SED was founded 1946 by a forced unification of the KPD and SPD in the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany.
		The leading Socialist Unity Party was the result of the (Soviet-influenced) unification of the Social Democratic and Communist Party in the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany in 1946.
		In the year 1946, the unification was announced in the Soviet occupation zone with an emblem of a handshake.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de}sed.html (643 words)

	Intermarium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Polish Landed Gentry in the North-east Borderland of the Republic of Poland under the Soviet Occupation 1939-1941 -- A Study of the Extermination of a Former Political Nation.
		Initially, in the first weeks and months of occupation-they were to ridicule and to rouse repugnance against the Polish-centuries-long presence in the Borderland, to distract attention from the plunder and sovietisation and to raise anti-Polish moods among the Belorussians (and Ukrainians).
		The attitudes of gentry should be generally considered heroic and full of dignity, considering the fact that they were devoid of their work places, abruptly deprived of their social position, that there was a propaganda drumbeat, and no possibilities of finding means of support.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/sipa/regional/ECE/jasiewicz.html (2427 words)

	SBZ_in_English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Soviet Occupation Zone may be a small collecting area, but it is also quite challenging.
		The Soviet government issued 241 stamps before the GDR was founded (many of these are very expensive).
		The stamps issued by the individual regions are marked by the poverty resulting from the war and the increasing Soviet presence.
	www.geocities.com /sebastiankohlmeierde/SBZ_in_English.html (271 words)

	war and social upheaval: The Cold War -- Berlin Air Lift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Soviets enginered a coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948.
		The Soviets to prevent the old currency from entering their zone, where it was still valid, the Soviets banned travel to and from their zone.
		Soviet actiins in Eastern Europe and the blckade of Berlin had convinced many Americans that unlike what occurred after World War I, America must maintain a presence in Euroope to protect the Western democracies.
	histclo.hispeed.com /essay/war/cold/wc-bal.html (2938 words)

	1959 Godesberger Programm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (DDR) is established in the Soviet occupation zone.
		The DDR is a people's republic on the Soviet model, in which the Socialist Unity Party (SED) rules.
		The intent of the SED rulers to establish a people's democracy with its utopian goal of a socialist society leaves no leeway and no toleration for other parties or interest groups that may be dedicated to bourgeois-liberal or social-democratic values.
	www.willy-brandt.org /english/biographie/1950b.html (741 words)

	Zundelsite ZGram - September 13, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		While the Western allies and the Soviet Union accused the Germans at the 1946 War Crimes Trial in Nuremberg, the Soviets, at the very moment and for years thereafter, tortured, raped and executed thousands and thousands of totally innocent human beings.
		In those days, everywhere in the Russian occupation zone of Germany, juveniles only 14 to 17 years old were arrested, tried, and in all truthfulness one can say that they were thrown in concentration camps to die of starvation and disease.
		For the occupation forces, it apparently was a case of exemplary significance of the submission of the people which they demanded.
	www.zundelsite.org /english/zgrams/zg2000/zg0009/000913.html (1592 words)

	East Germany
		The German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in the Soviet sector of Berlin on October 7, 1949.
		Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, it merged into the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990.
		Leaders of East Germany referred to their land as "Middle Germany" (Mitteldeutschland) or the "Workers' and Farmers' state" (Arbeiter- und Bauernstaat); whereas in West Germany, the official term until the 1970s was "Soviet occupation zone", (SBZ for Sowjetische Besatzungszone), "DDR" ("GDR") in quotes, or simply "the East" (der Osten).
	www.askfactmaster.com /GDR (1610 words)

	History of Przemysl
		When the town was under the Soviet occupation, on 29 September 1939, it was visited by the Communist officials, one of them being Nikita Khrushchev, then a member of the Wartime Council of the Ukrainian Front, who had a photograph of himself taken, with the destroyed bridge in the background.
		Under the Soviet occupation, a St Felicia nun, sister Maria Mazur was arrested by the NKVD on 30 June 1940 because she had given help to the men crossing the river to travel West and join the Polish army units, which were being formed there.
		The policies exercised by the Germans and the Soviets involved the extermination of the local population and replacing it with the foreign element.
	www.kki.pl /pioinf/przemysl/dzieje/dzieje3_e.html (1724 words)

	CHAPTER ONE: EARLY POST-WAR BORDER OPERATIONS 1945 - 1946
		It was this initial occupation of Bavaria and the setting up of frontier control posts that set the stage for the continuous presence of US Army units on the eastern borders that continues to the present.
		However, this broad prohibited zone was never declared due to the magnitude of problems such a massive relocation of the population and disruption of farming and small business that would have been caused by its implementation.
		Their relations with the Allied forces from the British and French Zones were good, particularly after the signing of an agreement on 10 April 1946 between the British and American authorities granting German nationals freedom of travel between their two zones and the subsequent easing of restrictions in travel between the French and American Zones.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/documents/BorderOps/ch1.htm (3367 words)

	CSI Assessing the Soviet Threat: The Early Cold War Years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The United States and the Soviet Union agree to divide their occupation zones in Korea at the 38th parallel.
		The Soviet Union recalls its military and technical advisers from Yugoslavia and expels Belgrade from the Cominform on 28 June.
		The German Democratic Republic is established in the Soviet occupation zone.
	www.vinsmano.info /csi/books/coldwaryrs/chron.html (1525 words)

	Zhukov, Georgi Konstantinovich on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Made commander (1942) on the southwestern front, Zhukov defeated the Germans at Stalingrad (1943) and, with Marshal Voroshilov, lifted the siege of Leningrad (St. Petersburg).
		He led the offensive of 1944 and the final assault on Germany in 1945, capturing Berlin (April) and becoming commander of the Soviet occupation zone in Germany.
		In 1946 Zhukov received command of the Soviet ground forces, but in 1947 he was demoted to command the Odessa military district.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/Z/Zhukov-G1.asp (425 words)

	Germany (East) THE SOVIET ZONE OF OCCUPATION - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current ...
		After the common enemy was defeated, the traditional forces dividing the Soviet Union from the West reasserted themselves, and occupied Germany became the initial focus of conflict.
		Opposing positions had emerged among the Allies while the war was being fought, and, in the postwar division of Germany into occupation zones, each occupying power intended to establish a local administration in its own image.
		The Soviet Union was no more likely to acquiesce to a Germany united as a Western-style democracy than the United States was to accept a united Germany under a communist dictatorship.
	www.photius.com /countries/germany_east/national_security/germany_east_national_security_the_soviet_zone_of_o~274.html (346 words)

	Page1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Soviets fed the people the doctrines of Marx and Lenin, and ordered them to obey the Stalinist Constitution in accordance with which he who does not work shall not eat.
		An obvious proof of the friendly relationship between the Germans and the Soviets, were railroad cars full of wheat seen passing through the railroad station in Stryj en route from the Ukraine to Germany.
		A Soviet Commissar came to the farm at Gaje-Nizne and informed my grandfather and his partner that the farm was being collectivized, and that they and their families must leave.
	home.att.net /~hbedelstein/Page1.html (533 words)

	Berlin Crisis
		During the 1950s a steady outflow of refugees from the Soviet occupation zone to the West consisted primarily of young people of working age.
		This presented a delicate problem for the Soviet Union because the four-power status of Berlin specified free travel between zones and specifically forbade the presence of German troops in Berlin.
		The Soviet Army was present to discourage interference by the West and presumably to assist in the event of large-scale riots.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/berlin.htm (1242 words)

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