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Topic: Soviet revolutionary calendar

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February 30

	February 30 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1929 the Soviet Union introduced a revolutionary calendar in which every working month had 30 days and the remaining 5 or 6 days were 'monthless' holidays.
		In this calendar, there existed a February 30 in the years 1930 and 1931; the revolutionary calendar was abandoned in 1931.
		The 13th century scholar Sacrobosco claimed that in the Julian calendar February had 30 days in leap years between 45 BC and 8 BC, when Augustus shortened February to give the month of August named after him the same length as the month of July named after his adoptive uncle Julius Caesar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/February_30 (350 words)

	Soviet revolutionary calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soviet revolutionary calendar was in use in the USSR from 1929 to 1940.
		Shortly after the Russian Revolution, Vladimir Lenin had decreed to change the calendar in the Soviet Union from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar.
		It appears that the Gregorian calendar kept being used in the Soviet Union during this period.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soviet_revolutionary_calendar (417 words)

	calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A calendar is also a physical device (often paper) that illustrates the system (for example, a desktop calendar).
		An arbitrary calendar is not synchronized to either the Moon or the Sun; examples are the week and the Julian day used by astronomers.
		The Chinese, Hebrew, Hindu calendar, and Julian calendars are widely used for religious and/or social purposes.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Calendar.html (1565 words)

	Calendar FAQ, v. 2.6 (modified 24 June 2003) Part 3/3
		The Maya calendar was adopted by the other Mesoamerican nations, such as the Aztecs and the Toltec, which adopted the mechanics of the calendar unaltered but changed the names of the days of the week and the months.
		While our calendar uses a single week of seven days, the Mayan calendar used two different lengths of week: - a numbered week of 13 days, in which the days were numbered from 1 to 13 - a named week of 20 days, in which the names of the days were: 0.
		The Chinese calendar is based on exact astronomical observations of the longitude of the sun and the phases of the moon.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/calendars/faq/part3 (4230 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Finally, the Hebrew calendar combines both, in that its years are linked to the motion of the earth around the sun, and its months are linked to the motion of the moon.
		The Hebrew calendar is a combined solar/lunar calendar, in that it strives to have its years coincide with the tropical year and its months coincide with the synodic months.
		However, calendars are printed for planning purposes, but such calendars are based on estimates of the visibility of the lunar crescent, and the actual month may start a day earlier or later than predicted in the printed calendar.
	www.math.rutgers.edu /doc/gcal-3.00/calendar.faq (12678 words)

	Russian Calendar History
		Soviet Russia abolished both the Julian calendar, used by the Russian Orthodox Church, and the official Gregorian calendar that had been installed by Lenin.
		A new calendar was introduced, in which the weeks were changed and all religious feasts and holy days were replaced by five national public holidays associated with the Revolution.
		from 1918 to 1923 the Gregorian calendar was in use, from 1923 to 1931 the five-day Russian Revolutionary calendar must be consulted, and from 1931 until 1940 the Russian calendar with the six-day week was in effect.
	personal.ecu.edu /mccartyr/Russia.html (946 words)

	Calendar FAQ, v. 2.6 (modified 24 June 2003) Part 3/3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The French Revolutionary Calendar (or Republican Calendar) was introduced in France on 24 November 1793 and abolished on 1 January 1806.
		The Haab was the civil calendar of the Mayas.
		The Chinese calendar - like the Hebrew - is a combined solar/lunar calendar in that it strives to have its years coincide with the tropical year and its months coincide with the synodic months.
	omicron.felk.cvut.cz /FAQ/articles/a5862.html (4125 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| History of Western Gregorian calendar \| Calendars Sisogenes ...
		Dissatisfied with the mess the calendar got into, Julius Caesar, in 46 BCE, obtained the advice of the astronomer Sisogenes, who drew up a beautiful new calendar named the Julian calendar, possibly because it is more euphonious than ‘the Sisogenesian calendar’, or possibly because the emperor decreed it so.
		Calendar Act of 1751) had to pinch from the calendar.
		Pope Gregory’s calendar is far from ideal, but works well enough for it to have survived not only more than 240 years of usage, but also an attempt in the United Nations in 1952 to reform it.
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /greg.html (3465 words)

	February 30 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sweden (at that time Finland was part of the Swedish realm) planned to change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, beginning in 1700 by omitting the leap days for the next 40 years.
		Thus 1700 was not a leap year in Sweden, however both 1704 and 1708 were leap years contrary to the plan.
		In 1929 the Soviet Union introduced a revolutionary calendar in which every month had 30 days and the remaining 5 or 6 days were monthless holidays.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/f/fe/february_30.html (202 words)

	Home Page for Calendar Reform
		Each recommended a perennial calendar involving the use of so-called "blank days." The blank day concept was suggested originally, perhaps, by an American colonist from Maryland in 1745 writing under the pseudonym of Hirossa Ap-Iccim.
		The present civil calendar followed by most of the world has its origins in the early Roman civilization.
		Emperor Constantine then reformed the calendar in the 4th century, by introducing the seven-day week, probably modeled on the Christian sabbatical cycle.
	personal.ecu.edu /mccartyr/calendar-reform.html (837 words)

	The Voice of the Turtle
		The factory councils sought to provide a means for raising workers' consciousness; they aimed to become the nucleus of a revolutionary movement and to serve as the institutions of "dual power"; and thus they would present in embryonic form the institutional outlines of the future proletarian state.
		The epoch, or starting date of the new calendar, was held to be 22 September 1792, which was both the Autumnal equinox and the day after the formal abolition of the French Monarchy at the hands of the same revolutionary Convention.
		This amended calendar was approved but never implemented by the Republic and, despite its vastly superior accuracy over the Gregorian Calendar, lasted fewer than a dozen years.
	www.voiceoftheturtle.org /dictionary/dict_f1.php (2521 words)

	Why the Western World Uses an Awkward Calendar - World News and Prophecy : June 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For decades, proponents of calendar reform have advocated the adoption of a new calendar.
		Comte's calendar was adapted at the beginning of the 20th century to retain the names of the current months, with an additional 13th month, "Sol," added during the summer season in the northern hemisphere.
		The influence of the Catholic Church was the initial impetus for the dominance of the Gregorian calendar.
	www.ucg.org /wnp/wnp0406/awkwardcalendar.htm (2154 words)

	Calendar FAQ, v. 1.7 (modified 27 Mar 1997) Part 3/3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It will provide a historical background for the Christian calendar, plus an overview of the French Revolutionary calendar and the Maya calendar.
		Therefore a rule similar to the one used in the Gregorian Calendar (including a 4000 year rule as descibed in section 2.2.2) was to take effect in the year 20.
		However, the Revolutionary Calendar was abolished in the year 14, making this new rule irrelevant.
	omicron.felk.cvut.cz /FAQ/articles/a2280.html (2582 words)

	Learn more about Calendar in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Learn more about Calendar in the online encyclopedia.
		Calendars in use on Earth are most frequently lunar, solar, lunisolar, planetary or arbitrary.
		A planetary calendar is a fixed period based on the number of visible moving objects in the sky; an example of this is the week.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/ca/calendar.html (1605 words)

	RUSSIA
		The Julian Calendar runs slow, so when the February Revolution took place, it was already March on the Gregorian Calendar, and when the October Revolution took place, it was already November on the Gregorian Calendar.
		Nevertheless, this is a nice footnote to the history of calendars and continues to be an issue for the Orthodox Churches that did clearly accept the 1923 reform.
		On October 1, 1929, a calendar was adopted with 12 months of 30 days each, with five extra days (and the leap day) distributed at different times in the year as national holidays.
	www.friesian.com /russia.htm (8586 words)

	Music under Soviet rule: Fay Review Part 2
		Yet in the case of the former Soviet Union, where appearance and reality were tenuously related, "facts" are rarely neutral and consequently demand a process of ordering and exegesis founded on a discriminating grasp of the wider background.
		Laurel Fay may imagine that Soviet audiences sat in their theatre seats grimly hoping for an edifying Socialist Realist lecture rather than a ribald evening away from the grind of work and the creeping tide of fear -- but, if she does, she is hopelessly wrong.
		Given her concern to convey the impression that Shostakovich was an orthodox adherent of Soviet ideology, it is odd that Fay does not quote his New York Times interview of 5th December 1931, which established his reputation in the West as "the Communist composer".
	www.siue.edu /~aho/musov/fay/fayrev2.html (5172 words)

	6. The Week
		Note that if the week number is 1, 52, or 53, the week may lie in two different calendar years.
		However, the week is always considered to lie in the year in which it is counted.
		The Maya calendar uses a 13 and a 20-day ``week'' (see section 8.2).
	www.tondering.dk /claus/cal/node7.html (1165 words)

	‘Public’ Holidays: The State vs. the People by Sudha R. Shenoy
		October 1793, the French Revolutionary Assembly ‘adopted’ the Revolutionary Calendar and thus imposed it on the French populace.
		The Revolutionary Calendar did away with all references to religion – each day was renamed; and it was assigned a plant, tool or animal, to replace the saint associated with it.
		The Calendar was backdated to begin on the 22 September 1792, and years were numbered from that day.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig6/shenoy1.html (1738 words)

	Lenny Zeltser - Early Stages of Soviet and American Radio Broadcasting
		The following message was broadcasted on October 30 (November 12 in the new calendar) of 1917 via the wireless telegraph with the intention to reach potential revolutionaries in Europe, as well as actual ones in Russia.
		Indeed, Soviet revolutionary messages were the first to be recorded in the history of wireless propaganda.
		Because of extensive government funding, Soviet Union of the nineteen twenties was a world leader in radio broadcasting.
	www.zeltser.com /radio-history (1727 words)

	A Year by Any Other Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At first I thought I would write about when the New Year begins by calendars other than ours, but I became so intrigued by the simple definition of a year by the Gregorian Calendar that I changed my mind.
		The Julian Calendar, initiated by Julius Caesar during the Roman era, attempted to rectify the situation by adding a leap year every four years.
		Duncan Steel, the author, also discusses other calendars: the Chinese and the Hebrew (both based more on lunar than solar influences), the Japanese, the Soviet, the French Revolutionary Calendar (based on a decimalized system), the Coptic and Ethiopian, the Islamic, the Sikh, the Hindu, the Zoroastrian, the Voodoo, and the Iranian/Persian.
	www.sanjuanislander.com /columns/view_from_library/39.html (509 words)

	Thermidor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thermidor was the eleventh month in the French Revolutionary Calendar, which was used only in France and only for thirteen years.
		Revolution of Thermidor or simply Thermidor refers to the coup of 9 Thermidor (27 July, 1794) in which Maximilien Robespierre was guillotined and the Reign of Terror ended.
		For historians of revolutionary movements, the term Thermidor has come to mean the phase in some revolutions when the political pendulum swings back towards something resembling a pre-revolutionary state, and power slips from the hands of the original revolutionary leadership.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/T/Thermidor.htm (306 words)

	Wiktionary:Tea room - Wiktionary
		Special calendars such as the French revolutionary calendar tended to have their own names for similar notions.
		If there were to be two primary senses for this they should be based on the time that it takes for the moon to go around the earth, and the divisions of the year.
		There may or may not be a set phrase civil month as there is civil calendar, or there may well be some other term I'm unaware of.
	en.wiktionary.org /wiki/WS:TR (8528 words)

	Theories of Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Case studies: French revolutionary calendar, introduction of “Western time” in Japan, Soviet manipulations of calendar.
		The Esthetics of Political Legitimation in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
		Zerubavel, E. 1977 The French Republican Calendar: A Case Study in the Sociology of Time.
	www.ceu.hu /soc_ant/theoriesofculture.htm (1527 words)

	[No title]
		The Swedish realm (which included Finland at the time) planned to change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar begnning in 1700 by omitting the leap days for the next 40 years.
		Thus 1700 was not a leap year in Sweden, but both 1704 and
		Swedish calendar one day ahead of the Julian calendar but still ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/February_30 (170 words)

	Philosophy of Science
		The Solar Terms and the Chinese Calendar [19.7K]
		The Jewish and Moslem Calendars with the Era of Nabonassar
		The Greek Orthodox and Soviet Calendar Reforms [41.4K]
	www.friesian.com /science.htm (670 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Soviet revolutionary calendar - Calendar Encyclopedia
		CalendarHome.com - Soviet revolutionary calendar - Calendar Encyclopedia
		Main Links: The Calendar Store • Free Calendars!
		• Calendar Links • Calendar Encyclopedia • Today in History
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Soviet_revolutionary_calendar.htm (429 words)

	> List of calendars abcworld.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Julian calendar (still used by Orthodox churches for Easter)
		Maya calendar (parts still used by Maya Indians)
		Thai lunar calendar (still used for some Thai holidays)
	www.abcworld.net /List_of_calendars.html (445 words)

	The (Internet) Tife and Limes of Kuba Dorabialski
		It was the sixth month of the Roman calendar.
		Another obsolete calendar is the Soviet Revolutionary Calendar.
		It was in use from 1929 to 1940.
	kubadora.blogspot.com (8994 words)

	IFP/New York Announces 22 Projects for 2003 No Borders Co-Production Market
		Amid the hottest summer in two hundred years, the East End of London becomes the backdrop for this intense drama where a mother, her son and a Vietnam vet embark upon a dangerous love triangle.
		Producer Victoria Hirst ("Owning Mahowney") brings us this comedic story of a high school student who, believing he is the reincarnation of the Soviet revolutionary, inspires former radicals, falls in love with an older woman and creates his own high-school revolution, all while driving his parents crazy.
		A young Russian trying to escape to Britain and a teenage runaway light out for new lands but get stuck on an impounded freighter going nowhere.
	www.indiewire.com /biz/biz_030716ifp.html (1067 words)

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