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Topic: Soviet submarine K 432

	Use the Atomic Bomb
		Air and submarine attacks had all but cut off Japan from the resources of the Indies, and B-29's from the Marianas were pulverizing Japan's cities and factories.
		But even if the need to justify these huge expenditures is discounted-and certainly by itself it could not have produced the decision-the question still remains whether those who held in their hands a weapon thought capable of ending the war in one stroke could justify withholding that weapon.
		It is equally difficult to assert categorically that the atomic bomb alone or Soviet intervention alone was the decisive factor in bringing the war to an end.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/70-7_23.htm (10556 words)

	TORPEDO JUNCTION Submarine and U-Boat Books - Submarine Books Store about Submarines for Submariners.
		The death of Soviet submarine K-219, an accident in 1986 in which this sub was within moments of meltdown.
		He was one of the earliest submariners and recounts his eyewitness experiences of the Battle of Jutland and the saga which led to the loss of K4 and K17 in the Forth Estuary in 1918.
		Complete statistics of every Axis submarine success of WWII are presented by theater of operations, including for each attack the date, time, and position; the nationality, name, and captain of the attacking submarine and the weapons used; the nationality, type and displacement of the ship attacked; and the battle damage assessment.
	thunder.sonic.net /~books/sub.html (11379 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Spring 1998
		A prominent Soviet veteran, writing elsewhere, expressed the less-balanced perspective widely held to this day by his comrades: "Victors are not tried!" One wonders when--or whether--the Russians will finally face the reality of their own wartime misconduct, as their once sworn enemy has so painfully done.
		The Soviet Union played a key role in the outbreak of the war, but it was as facilitator, not as originator."[2] This essay reviews and compares traditional and revisionist perspectives on the origins of the Korean War.
		Soviet policy papers for the Moscow Conference of December 1945 reveal that, contrary to Van Ree's characterization, Moscow "felt it had to support the demands of the Koreans and Americans to create a unified government in Korea."[45] One background paper for the Moscow Conference noted the importance of "working out.
	www.carlisle.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/98spring/spr-essa.htm (12900 words)

	Charting a Course for the Navy in the 21st Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		During the Cold War, the main purpose of the U.S. Navy was to counter the Soviet Navy and to dominate the high seas.
		Iran's submarine purchase is but the clearest example of a new threat -- the growth of submarine fleets in volatile regions of the world.
		The Seawolf is the most sophisticated submarine ever built, having double the deep strike capability, three times the sonar capability, ten times the silent running capability, and double the weapons tube capacity of the Los Angeles-class submarine.
	new.heritage.org /Research/NationalSecurity/BG979.cfm (9054 words)

	The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II--1945
		Submarine Stingray (SS-186) lands supplies at Tawi Tawi, P.I. freighter John M. Clayton is damaged by bomb dropped by Japanese plane, and catches fire off Blue Beach, Mindoro; four of the 29-man Armed Guard sailors die of the resultant burns.
		Submarine Hawkbill (SS-366) sinks small Japanese cargo vessel Kisaragi Maru and the two large landing barges she was towing at the time, Lombok Strait.
		Submarine chaser PC-564, outgunned and badly damaged, manages to outrun the German force engaged late on 8 March and is grounded on the French coast at Pierre de Herpin light.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/USN/USN-Chron/USN-Chron-1945.html (11918 words)

	Alfa Class - Project 705
		The submarine featured a high power-to-weight reactor to increase the power-to-weight and volume ratios of her propulsion plant, the first use of titanium for the hull, extensive automation, and advanced drag-reduction configuration.
		Around 1963 the desing was substantially revised, with the displacement was increased to 2,300 tons, the number of internal compartments increased from three to six and the size of the crew was doubled.
		A special facility was constructed the submarines were moored to supply superheated steam to heat the liquid metal when the reactors were shut down.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/705.htm (586 words)

	Indian Naval Aviation - Part 2
		Despite it's sophistication, it failed to detect submarine activity during the 1965 war with Pakistan, but made up for the failure by achieving spectacular results in the air to ground role, during the 1971 war.
		However, lack of performance in the ASW role may also be attributed to the fact that the Alize' did not have ample opportunities to exercise with Indian submarines, which arrived only in 1968, as well as the reduced performance of the sonobuoys in tropical conditions.
		The first joint ASW exercises were carried out as early as 1965, with the British submarine "Astute", off the Madras coast, followed by joint exercises with the British submarine "Onslaught", off the coast of Cochin and eventually with Indian Foxtrot class submarines, from 1968 onwards.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/article_432.shtml (8070 words)

	Keyword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		And so, slowly the Soviet economy became a basket case due to the communists desire to exceed America in an enormously expensive arms race.
		When the Soviet Empire collapsed in 1989, the CIA was chastised for failing to foresee the change.
		"June 17, 1940, the Soviets came in, and in 1941, the Germans came in and pushed back the Soviets," says Oskars Gruzins, a young guide at the Museum of Occupation in the heart of old Riga, as he shows tourists a large map of Latvia.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/keyword?k=sovietunion (5822 words)

	Chapter 20: World War II: The Defensive Phase
		By early December, when the onset of winter and stiffening Soviet resistance finally brought the advance to a halt, the German armies had driven to the suburbs of Moscow, inflicted huge losses on the Red Army, and occupied a vast expanse of European Russia embracing its most densely populated and industrialized regions.
		The invasion must therefore be launched before the Soviet armies were crushed and, moreover, in sufficient strength to draw substantial German forces away from the Eastern Front in order to avert that very catastrophe.
		If these measures should fail, and Soviet resistance seemed about to collapse, then, with whatever forces were on hand, the Allies would have to invade the Continent in 1942 (SLEDGEHAMMER)— and no later than September, before bad weather closed down over the Channel.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/AMH/AMH-20.htm (9251 words)

	USGS Atlantic Marine Geology Publications 1991 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Dillon, W.P., Lee, M.W., Fehlhaber, K., and Hutchinson, D.R., 1991, Estimation of amounts of gas hydrate in marine sediments using amplitude reduction of seismic reflection: Acoustical Society of America Meeting, v.
		Fehlhaber, K., and Bird, D.K., 1991, Patterns of oxygen isotope exchange and mineralogic alteration in gabbros of the lower layered series, Kap Edvard Holm Complex, East Greenland, Geology, v.
		Herring, J.R., Manheim, F.T., Farrell, K., Huddlestun, P., and Bretz, B., 1991, Size analysis, visual estimation of phosphate and other minerals, and preliminary estimation of recoverable phosphate in size fractions of sediment samples from Drillholes GAT-90, Tybee Island, and Gas-90-2, Skidaway Island, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 91-586, 35p.
	woodshole.er.usgs.gov /bibliographies/ofr92-585x.html (5579 words)

	All News 2002 on www.Aviapress.com. Model kits, Military Books and Magazines - the choice of the whole internet.
		The 9P122 launch vehicle entered service with the Soviet Army at the end of 1968 as a replacement for the 2P32, which was based on the original BRDM vehicle.
		With the advent of the new Soviet tanks and anti tank artillery pieces on the Eastern Front in the middle of 1943 - beginning of 1944, the Tigers superiority gradually disappeared.
		In the beginning of the WW2 the Germans got acquainted with the Soviet tanks the Germans and understood the necessity to increase the firepower of their armored vehicles.
	www.aviapress.com /news2002.htm (12702 words)

	Truman Library - Clark Clifford Oral History
		Soviet Union, relations with the United States, 183-186
		Union of Soviet Socialists Republics, 84, 102, 104, 144, 146, 147, 152, 154, 155, 156, 168-170, 253-254
		Vardamar, Commodore James K., 1-2, 3, 5, 7-8, 125
	www.trumanlibrary.org /oralhist/cliford.htm (1051 words)

	world war two
		In December 1934, began a period of purging and terror that lasted until 1939 and was marked by the execution of virtually the entire political and military elite and the incarceration in forced labor camps of millions of Soviet citizens.
		When the German armies attacked the USSR in June 1941, Stalin personally took command of the Soviet armed forces and he made all major military, political, and diplomatic decisions throughout the war.
		Such delay, critics added later, infuriated the Soviet Union, which had to carry the brunt of the fighting against Hitler between 1941 and 1944, and sowed the seeds of the Cold War.
	www.hannasd.org /sths/war2/wwtwo.htm (8940 words)

	Impact Sites - References (H-P)
		Puura, V.; Suuroja, K. ; Ordovician impact crater at Kardla, Island of Hiiumaa, Estonia in: First geological conference of the Baltic Sea states, Eesti Geoloogiakeskuse, Tallinn, Estonia; Re Eesti Geoloogiakeskuse Toimetised (Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Estonia), v.
		Currie, K., 1972; Geology and Petrology of the Manicouagan resurgent caldera, Quebec, Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 198, 153 p.
		Currie, K. ; The geology of the New Quebec Crater, The Canadian Mineralogist, v.
	www.uwgb.edu /dutchs/planets/impact3.htm (2565 words)

	uboat.net - Naval Warfare Books
		Description: Memoirs of the wartime CO of the Soviet "Guards Submarine" S-56, built in 1941 for the Soviet Pacifi...
		Description: In 1942 the Soviet Fleet command realized that there were too many submarines in the Pacific, and to...
		Description: Soviet submariner’s memories from his service on diesel subs and the K-19 SSN during a steam plant c...
	www.uboat.net /books/index.html/polish.html (3478 words)

	AII POW-MIA - Sino-Soviet Relations
		This is the view of Oleg Troyanovskii, the former Soviet ambassador and foreign policy adviser to Khrushchev, who accompanied the Soviet leader during his trip to China in 1958, a few weeks before Gromyko’s visit.
		He also emphasized that China’s debt to the Soviet Union should be reduced in any case as compensation for the large amount of industry that the Soviet Union extracted from Manchuria in 1945-46.
		Mao himself said he was “deeply touched by [the Soviet Union’s] boundless devotion to the principles of Marxism-Leninism and internationalism” and wanted to “convey heartfelt gratitude” to Khrushchev for his support during the Taiwan Straits crisis.
	www.aiipowmia.com /koreacw/twncrisisnotes.html (7244 words)

	Globalization and maritime Power
		Soviet Union, xxvii, 6, 14, 16, 41–42, 47, 49–50, 63, 152–153, 157, 177, 191, 195, 198, 242, 244–245, 255, 283–285, 294, 302–303, 311, 342, 369, 420, 429, 433, 475, 489, 493, 499, 504, 543
		submarine, attack, diesel powered/conventional (SS), 14, 16–17, 206, 210, 229, 250, 268, 271, 274, 303, 340–341, 353, 359, 381, 392, 400, 473, 479, 496, 504, 520, 537, 543
		submarine intelligence gathering, 343–344, 350–351, 353, 497, 537
	www.ndu.edu /inss/books/books_2002/Globalization_and_Maritime_Power_Dec_02/34_index.htm (2909 words)

	SVSM Photo Gallery :: Naval & Coast Defence Guns
		Album: Soviet Twin 37mm V-11 Anti-Aircraft Mount, by Vladimir Yakubov
		Album: Soviet 85mm 90-K Dual Purpose Mount, by Vladimir Yakubov
		Album: Soviet 152mm MU-2 Coast Defence Mount, by Vladimir Yakubov
	www.svsm.org /gallery/Naval-guns (213 words)

	TYPE 1164 "SLAVA" CLASS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It is estimated that the rockets weigh 110 kg (242.6 lb), with a 25 kg (55.1 lb) warhead.
		The RGB-60 rocket is fitted with an impact-time fuze, which detonates either on hitting a solid object (such as a submarine) or reaches a preset depth.
		Firing is usually conducted in a full salvo of 12 rockets, but it is also possible to fire single rockets, or four- or eight-rocket salvos, if the tactical situation requires it.
	www.aeronautics.ru /archive/fleet/russian/1164.htm (2002 words)

	Naval History Magazine: FDR's Undeclared War - Page Three
		Germany had only 3 "pocket" battleships, 8 cruisers, 17 destroyers, and 57 U-boats at the start, against a combined British and French fleet totaling 22 battleships, 83 cruisers, and scores of destroyers and submarines.
		As for the mysterious Zeppelin mentioned in Admiral Hewitt's "Annex B" orders, the aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin—one of two the Germans intended—never reached completion, although a galley and many fittings had been installed.
		Surviving the war at anchor, she was then towed to the Soviet Union to become a target for new weapons.
	www.usni.org /navalhistory/Articles04/NHoconnorFeb-3.htm (1449 words)

	CNS - September 22-26, 2003 - Congressional Record Weekly Update
		The conference agreement provides that $10,000,000 of the funds appropriated under this heading shall be available only to support the dismantling and disposal of nuclear submarines, submarine reactor components, and warheads in the Russian Far East, as proposed by the Senate.
		As the center of the former Soviet Union's nuclear and biological weapons programs, Kazakhstan held considerable--and potentially dangerous--power over the world as the Soviet Union broke apart.
		Within the funds appropriated for the operation and maintenance of the Armed Forces, funds are hereby appropriated pursuant to section 401 of title 10, United States Code, for humanitarian and civic assistance costs under chapter 20 of title 10, United States Code.
	cns.miis.edu /cr/03_09_29.htm (5232 words)

	bksrefs
		NAVAL WARFARE UNDER OARS 4th TO 16th CENTURIES - A STUDY OF U-BOAT OPERATIONSOF THE SECOND WORLD WAR Vol.
		CAMOUFLAGE AND MARKINGS OF THE SOVIET ARMORED FORCES 1935-1945
		5 - SOVIET NUCLEAR SUBMARINES YANKEE and DELTA
	www.ss-sms.com /bksrefs.html (2571 words)

	Bibiography of Surface Geochemical Methods
		A Geochemical Method of Finding Leaks in Submarine Pipelines.
		Burtell, S.G., Jones, V.T., Hodgson, R.A., Okada, K., Kuniyasu, M., and Ando, T., 1986.
		Jones, V.T., Burtell, S.G., Hodgson, R.A., Whelan, T., Milan, C., Ando, T., Okada, K., Agtsuma, T., and Takono, O., 1985.
	www.eti-geochemistry.com /biblio/index.html (2990 words)

	T. Cadman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Bialer, Seweryn Stalin and His Generals: Soviet Military Memoirs of World War II Souvenir Press (London) 1970, 1st printing, 644 pp, maps, good+, DJ (rubbing to spine extremeties), $18
		Brown, KS et al United States Army and Air Force Fighters 1916-1961 Aero (Fallbrook) 1961, 1st edit, 256 pp, hundreds of photos and illus, good+, hardcover, $30
		Dasch, George J Eight Spies Against America Robert McBride (NY) 1959, 1st edit, 241 pp, German spies landed by submarine on Long Island and in Florida and their capture as written by one of them, very good, DJ (rubbing to front), $180
	www.cadmanbooks.com /booksaf.html (14360 words)

	Index to Comic Art Collection: "Animata" to "Animated Film"
		-- Call no.: NC1325.W67 1980 ----------------------------------------------------- Animated cartoon history and Soviet animators.
		15, 38-43, 78, 90, 198-199, 225-226, 259, 262, 265, 267, 276-277, 281, 284, 299, 306, 309, 317-318, 336, 388-389, 403-405, 426, 430, 432, 452-453, 489, 506, 511, 513, 522, 532, 535-536, 547) in The World Encyclopedia of Cartoons, ed.
		27 in The Comics Journal, no. 193 (Feb. 1997) -- (News Watch) k.
	www.lib.msu.edu /comics/rri/arri/animat.htm (7364 words)

	WWW-VL: History: Military History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Thucydides and the Writing of History, by Mark K. Rutkus -->
		The Civil War in The Soviet Union 1918-1920
		The Russian Civil War and the Russo-Polish War
	vlib.iue.it /history/mil (1944 words)

	1958 in History
		March 27 Nikita Khrushchev becomes Soviet premier and 1st sect of Communist Party
		July 14 General Abdul K Kassem forms a military government in Iraq
		August 15 Soviet Marshal Bulganin resigns as director of State Bank
	www.brainyhistory.com /years/1958.html (5819 words)

	Master OFOI Reading Room List (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Soviet Acquisition of Military Significant Western Technology:An Update
		New Attack Submarine Capability - Acquisition Decision Memorandum
		Quarterly Report on Program Activities for Facilitation of Weapons Destruction and Nonproliferation in the Former Soviet Union
	www.dod.mil /pubs/foi/master_reading_list01.html (3329 words)

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