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	Soyuz 18a - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soyuz 18a was a Soyuz spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union but which failed to achieve orbit due to a serious malfunction during launch.
		The Soyuz 18 mission was supposed to be the second mission to take cosmonauts to the Soviet Salyut 4 space station.
		The mission is referred to in the literature as Soyuz 18-1 or Soyuz 18a, since the following Soyuz mission (in May, 1975) received the name Soyuz 18 as the Soviets only gave numbers to successful launches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_18a (554 words)

	Soyuz programme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the manned lunar programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.
		Soyuz survived the demise of the manned lunar programme in that it developed into a variety of projects (both military and civilian), mostly in conjunction with space stations.
		Soyuz 1 through 11 (1967-1971) were first-generation vehicles, carrying a crew of up to three without spacesuits and distinguished from those following by their bent solar panels and their use of the Igla automatic docking navigation system, which required special radar antennas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_programme (579 words)

	Soyuz spacecraft
		The Soyuz spacecraft succeeded the Voskhod design and were originally built as part of the Luna program.
		By moving equipment into an orbital module which does not reenter the atmosphere, the Soyuz vastly increases the space available to the cosmonauts, because the orbital module does not need to be shielded for reentry into the Earth's atmosphere.
		The Soyuz TM crew transports were introduced in 1986 to service the Mir space station.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/so/Soyuz_spacecraft.html (408 words)

	Wikipedia: Soyuz 18
		Soyuz 18, of the Soyuz spacecraft series, brought cosmonautss Pyotr Klimuk and Vitali Sevastyanov to the Salyut 4 space station where they remained in orbit for 63 days.
		The focus of the mission seems to have been research into long-term stays in space, with the crew performing various biomedical experiments and growing plants in orbit.
		The name Soyuz 18 was also given to an earlier, unsuccessful Soyuz flight that is now often referred to as Soyuz 18-1 or Soyuz 18a.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/s/so/soyuz_18.html (110 words)

	Space disaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soyuz system is often considered to be more reliable than the Shuttle, because 14 have been killed in shuttle accidents (versus 4 killed in Soyuz accidents, however, there have only been 2 shuttle flight fatalities, and the number is higher because of the shuttle's greater people capacity).
		One (Soyuz 1, 1967) due to parachute failure during landing (there were other problems, but this was the fatal failure), and the other (Soyuz 11, 1971) when a valve stuck open during separation of the descent module during reentry (see below for details).
		Adams was posthumously awarded astronaut wings as his flight had passed an altitude of 50 miles (80.5 km) (the U.S. definition of space); however, whether or not the incident technically counts as a "spaceflight accident" can be disputed, given that the flight fell short of the internationally recognized 100 km boundary of space.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_space_disasters (4659 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Soyuz Flight Details 2
		A pressure release valve in the Soyuz spacecraft malfunctioned, allowing the oxygen to escape from the cabin during reentry.
		Soyuz 16 also tested the new docking mechanism to be used on ASTP.
		Soyuz was the passive target for docking by the Apollo spacecraft.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/soy-11.htm (561 words)

	EducationGuardian.co.uk \| Special Reports \| Obituary: Oleg Makarov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Soyuz 11 crew were returning from a 23-day stay on the Salyut 1 space station, in what had the makings of one of the most scientifically important missions in space history.
		Before Soyuz 12 was launched, the normally secretive Russians released details of plans for its relatively short two-day flight, perhaps to avoid rumours spreading of yet another failure from a truncated mission.
		He was on Soyuz 27 on January 10 1978, when it was one of two vehicles launched 17 minutes apart from the Tyuratam space centre; both flew to the Salyut 6 space station.
	education.guardian.co.uk /obituary/story/0,12212,970790,00.html (807 words)

	Salyut 4 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It was essentially a copy of the DOS 3, and unlike its ill-fated sibling it was a complete success.
		Three crews attempted to make stays aboard Salyut 4 (Soyuz 17 and Soyuz 18 docked; Soyuz 18a suffered a launch abort).
		The second stay was for 63 days duration, and an unmanned Soyuz capsule remained docked to the station for three months, proving the systems' long-term durability.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Salyut_4 (474 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Project Soyuz
		Different variants of the Soyuz spacecraft have been the mainstay of the Russian manned space program since 1967, when Soyuz 1 was launched.
		The flight of Soyuz 11 also ended in tragedy for the Russians when a vent in the Soyuz craft opened during the crew's return from a successful first mission aboard Salyut 1.
		Soyuz is basically a ferry craft to the Russian space stations, Salyut and Mir, and three major variants have flown, 40 of the original type, 15 of the Soyuz T type, and (through July 1996) 23 of the Soyuz TM type.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/soyuz.htm (233 words)

	[No title]
		Soyuz spacecraft often wind up on their sides after landing, which is a serious concern to evacuation of an injured or unconscious crew member.
		Soyuz hung loosely by extended probe for one full orbit, swinging back and forth near station structure, until ground control sent new commands to station latches, forcing them fully open.
		Source 1 is an ESA cosmonaut involved in the Euromir program; source two is a private interview with one of the two Soyuz crewmembers, which described how the first post burn sequence got within 20 seconds of separation pyro initiation, and the second post burn sequence got within 2 seconds.
	www.jamesoberg.com /soyuz.html (2852 words)

	Soyuz 18A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The crew demanded that the abort procedures be implemented but ground control could not see the launch vehicle gyrations in their telemetry.
		Soyuz finally was separated from by ground control command at 192 km, and following a 20.6+ G reentry, the capsule landed in the Altai mountains, tumbled down a mountainside, and snagged in some bushes just short of a precipice.
		The crew was worried that they may have landed in China and would face internment, but after an hour sitting in the cold next to the capsule, they were discovered by locals speaking Russian.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/flights/soyuz18a.htm (199 words)

	Apollo to the Moon -- Reference Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Soyuz 5 cosmonauts Yevgeni Khrunov and Alexei Yeliseyev transfer to Soyuz 4 in an emergency rescue rehearsal, leaving their fellow cosmonaut Volynov to return the Soyuz 5 spacecraft back to Earth alone.
		The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 successfully enter Salyut 1 and remain docked with the space station from June 7 to June 29.
		Soyuz 19 and Apollo 18 dock on the 36th orbit of Soyuz, remained in orbit together almost 6 days.
	www.nasm.si.edu /exhibitions/attm/nojs/timeline.html (3562 words)

	100th manned Soviet/Russian launch - collectSPACE: Messages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Soyuz 32 launched with a crew but entered unmanned; vice-versa for Soyuz 34.
		But it does not include Soyuz T-10a, which exploded on the launch pad in the final seconds of the countdown forcing activation of the Launch Escape System.
		Soyuz 34 was unmanned and sent as a replacement and return capsule for a crew already living in space.
	collectspace.com /ubb/Forum31/HTML/000054.html (291 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Soyuz 29/31, ÿ31/29, 32/34, 35/37, 36/35 and 37/36 ÿwere all started in ÿone ÿcapsule and ended in a different one.
		Soyuz 34 ÿwas also unmanned but its mission was to replace Soyuz 32, so its cosmonauts would have a fresh capsule to return in.
		Soyuz ÿ18A ÿwas aborted before achieving orbit and was ÿreplaced ÿby Soyuz 18B.
	www.textfiles.com /humor/manspace.hum (2683 words)

	[FPSPACE] Spaceflight statistics (...or should we say space missions?)
		This is the eternal problem of considering or not the Soyuz flights Soyuz-18A and Soyuz T-10A has space missions.
		On Soyuz T-10A there was a problem with the launcher on the pad, the emergency escape system was activated and the capsule landed a few miles from the exploding rocket.
		On Soyuz T-10A there was a problem with the launcher on the pad, = the=20 emergency escape system was activated and the capsule landed a few = miles from=20 the exploding rocket.
	www.friends-partners.org /pipermail/fpspace/2002-April/004394.html (674 words)

	Oleg Makarov - Gurupedia
		His second flight was Soyuz 18a, aborted shortly after launch with an emergency landing in north-west China.
		His last mission was Soyuz T-3, during which several repairs on Salyut 6 were done.
		He was also in backup crews for the flight Soyuz 17 and Soyuz T-2.
	www.gurupedia.com /o/ol/oleg_makarov.htm (244 words)

	Soyuz 18-1
		Both cosmonauts were denied their 3000 ruble spaceflight bonus pay and had to apeal all the way to Brezhnev before being paid.
		1975 Apr 5 - Soyuz 18-1 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
		Carried Oleg Makarov, Vasili Lazarev for rendezvous with Salyut 4; but during second-third stage seperation third stage failed to separate from second stage but still ignited.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/soyuz181.htm (589 words)

	WHEL \| Space Traveller Log, Part 2 (H-O)
		All sub-orbital spacecraft flights (MR-3, MR-4) and inflight aborts (Soyuz 18A, Soyuz-T 10) of missions are counted.
		First time crew members in the Challenger catastrophe (C. McAuliffe, M. Smith) are listed as well, while Apollo 1 victim R. Chaffee is included for completeness, though not counted.
		Soyuz; Soyuz-T; Soyuz-TM Salyut 6 and 7; Mir
	www.whel.de /Aerospace/space_traveller_log_2.html (239 words)

	WHEL \| Space Traveller Log, Part 3 (P-Z)
		All suborbital spacecraft flights (MR-3, MR-4) and inflight aborts (Soyuz 18A, Soyuz-T 10) of missions are counted.
		Pi; first ever flight to a space station; Soyuz 11 crew died at landing due to loss of cabin atmosphere
		MiSp; first ever flight to a space station; Soyuz 11 crew died at landing due to loss of cabin atmosph.
	www.whel.de /Aerospace/space_traveller_log_3.html (304 words)

	1975 in History
		January 11 Soyuz 17 carries 2 cosmonauts to space station Salyut 4
		April 5 Soyuz 18A launch aborted short of orbit; cosmonauts return safely
		July 15 Soyuz 19 and Apollo 18 launched; rendezvous 2 days later
	www.brainyhistory.com /years/1975.html (6761 words)

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