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	Spacecrafts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Soyuz 22 was used for a test on the MKF-6 Multispectral Camera, that was later placed on the Salyut 6.
		Soyuz 25 to 40 and the fisrt of the T-series were used to bring astronauts to the Salyut 6.
		Soyuz T-15 and TM-2-22 were used to bring austronauts to the MIR.
	mediatheek.thinkquest.nl /~ll126/2soyuz.html (86 words)

	Planetarium.Net Soyuz - Human Spaceflight Timeline
		Soyuz 2 was an unmanned craft launched in to orbit for testing and rendezvous with another flight.
		Soyuz TM craft still ferry crews and supplies to and from the Mir Space Station.
		A Soyuz TM capsule is always attached to the Mir in the event an emergency escape becomes necessary.
	www.planetarium.net /edcenter/human/soyuz.htm (468 words)

	Space Adventures — Soyuz-TMA Spacecraft < Vehicles < Background Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is designed to serve as the International Space Station's crew return vehicle, acting as a lifeboat in the unlikely event an emergency would require the crew to leave the station.
		The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is a replacement for the Soyuz TM, which was used from May 1986 to November 2002 to take astronauts and cosmonauts to Mir and then to the International Space Station beginning in November 2000.
		The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is composed of three elements attached end-to-end — the Orbital Module, the Descent Module and the Instrumentation/Propulsion Module.
	spaceadventures.com /media/info/vehicles/soyuztma (1811 words)

	Soyuz programme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the manned lunar programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.
		Soyuz survived the demise of the manned lunar programme in that it developed into a variety of projects (both military and civilian), mostly in conjunction with space stations.
		Soyuz 1 through 11 (1967-1971) were first-generation vehicles, carrying a crew of up to three without spacesuits and distinguished from those following by their bent solar panels and their use of the Igla automatic docking navigation system, which required special radar antennas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_programme (615 words)

	Mir - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The station existed until March 23, 2001, at which point it was deliberately de-orbited.
		Soyuz (Союз) means "union," so named for the USSR (Sovietskii Soyuz, Советский Союз = Soviet Union) and because the spacecraft was a union of three smaller modules.
		During their stay the space station went through rough times and several acute emergencies occurred, notably a large fire on February 23 1997, and a collision with a Progress (unmanned) cargo ship on June 25 of the same year.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Mir (1959 words)

	ISS developments in 2001
		Since at least one Soyuz had to be docked to the ISS constantly to provide emergency escape for the residents of the station, Russia planned the replacement of the Soyuz every six months.
		The Soyuz TM spacecraft (Tail Number #206), which was in standby readiness during Mir deorbiting at the beginning of 2001 was reassigned as the crew rescue vehicle for the International Space Station in April 2001.
		The Soyuz TM-32 is scheduled to be integrated with its launch-vehicle on April 25 and rolled out to the Launch Pad 5 in Area 1 in Baikonur on April 26, two days before launch.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /iss_soyuztm32.html (2616 words)

	[No title]
		Soyuz spacecraft, which a station crew could use in an emergency to bail out and return to Earth, must be replaced every six months.
		The basic modifications of the Soyuz TM spacecraft are connected with implementation of requirements for enlargement of crew anthropometric parameter range up to the values acceptable for the American astronaut contingent, and with increase of crew protection level from shock loads by decreasing landing speeds and improving shock-absorption of its chairs.
		Soyuz commander Sergei Zalyotin, Yuri Lonchakov and Frank DeWinne, strapped into the station's older Soyuz, are scheduled to undock Saturday at 3:41 p.m.
	www.cbsnews.com /network/news/space/STS-113_Archive.txt (19047 words)

	Soyuz TM
		Soyuz TM-13 and TM-14 crews were reshuffled extensively due to commercial seat bookings by Austria and Germany and the necessity of flying a Kazakh-born cosmonaut as part of the Baikonur rental agreement.
		Soyuz TM-21 again undocked with the EO-19 crew on September 11 from the Kvant rear port on Mir and landed at 50 deg 41'N 68 deg 15'E, 108 km northeast of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan, at 06:52:40 GMT.
		Soyuz docked with Mir's front port at 14:50:21 GMT on August 19; Mir was in a 375 x 390 km x 51.6 deg orbit.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craft/soyuztm.htm (2910 words)

	Soyuz 22 Information
		Soyuz 22 was an earth-sciences mission using a modified Soyuz capsule that had served as a backup for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission the previous year.
		Unusual for a Soyuz was the orbit — inclined at 64.75º — an inclination that had not been used since the Voskhod program.
		Soyuz 22 also carried a small aquarium so that the crew could watch the development of fish.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Soyuz_22 (783 words)

	Soyuz 11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Soyuz 11 was the second mission to Salyut 1, the first civilian space station.
		Soyuz 11 was launched on the 6th of June, 1971, and docked Salyut 1 the following day.
		The joined configuration of Soyuz and Salyut was 21.4 meters long with a total living space of 100 cubic meters, which gave the cosmonauts a place to conduct scientific experiments, relax, and sleep.
	courses.cs.vt.edu /~cs3604/lib/Safety/soyuz11.html (594 words)

	[23.0] The Last Men On The Moon
		A Soyuz booster was launched on 24 November 1970 to put a modified LK Moon lander, lacking legs and instrumentation and with the designation of "T2K", into orbit to perform various maneuvers.
		The fourth and final shot of an N-1 booster was on 23 November 1972, carrying a Soyuz 7K-LOK all-up Moon orbiter and a dummy LK Moon lander.
		As was revealed after the fall of the USSR, Soyuz 6 was supposed to have photographed the docking between Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 8, but the rendezvous electronics on all three spacecraft failed, apparently because a new preflight test procedure disabled all three in exactly the same way.
	www.vectorsite.net /tamrc_23.html (7897 words)

	Soyuz
		Soyuz 1, launched on April 23, 1967, was manned by Col. Vladimir Komarov.
		Soyuz 4 was manned by Vladamir A. Shatalov, and Soyuz 5 was manned by Aleksei S. Yeliseyev, Yevgeny Khrunov, and Boris Volynov.
		The Soyuz 5 was launched a day after the Soyuz 4, and once they had found each other in space, they docked and the crew transferred between crafts.
	library.thinkquest.org /29033/voyages/soyuz.htm (469 words)

	Chronology of Manned Space Missions
		Soyuz 6, 7, and 8 were launched within a day of each other, putting a total of seven cosmonauts in space at the same time for a joint mission.
		Soyuz 13 carried the Orion astrophysical observatory, which was never deployed to the Salyut space station.
		Soyuz 15 had to cut its trip to Salyut 3 for a two-week mission short when their guidance system failed.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/space_missions/manned_table.html (3072 words)

	SPACE.com -- New Lifeboat Delivered to Station by Russian-French Crew
		Ninety minutes after the visitors moored a Russian Soyuz spacecraft at the station, hatches between the craft swung open and the trio was greeted by their hosts: Frank Culbertson, Vladimir Dezhurov and Mikhail Turin.
		Fuel meters on the Soyuz indicated that more propellant was used than expected as Afanasyev flew the Soyuz around the outpost to line it up with an Earth-facing port on the station's Russian Zarya space tug.
		Soyuz crew transport vehicles serve as emergency lifeboats at the station and would be used if a crisis forced a crew to abandon ship and return to Earth.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/tm33_dock_011023.html (932 words)

	[No title]
		Soyuz 10 was to be the first attempt to put a crew aboard Salyut 1 (4/24/71), but when a docking mechanism failed, the mission was aborted.
		Soyuz 15 was meant to also man Salyut 3, but the automatic docking system failed, and the mission was aborted.
		Soyuz 18-1 was suppose to dock and man Salyut 4, but a booster failure occurred, and the mission was aborted before reaching orbit.
	ganymede.nmsu.edu /tharriso/class13.html (992 words)

	Salyut
		In orbit, they docked with Salyut, but the Soyuz docking mechanism was damaged in the process, preventing the crew from entering the station.
		In between, another crew was launched aboard Soyuz 23 but never docked with the station due to a failure of the rendezvous system.
		Furthermore, the rear docking port enabled an unmanned, cargo version of the Soyuz spacecraft, known as Progress, to refuel the station’s propellant tanks.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/Salyut.html (1766 words)

	CNN - Focus: MIR
		It is called Soyuz, which is the Russian word for "union" (as in Soviet Union, or Sovietsky Soyuz).
		Soyuz craft have been ferrying Russian cosmonauts to and from space for 30 years, with a mixed record of success.
		The Soyuz escape plan is not infallible, as the Mir crew were reminded when fire broke out on the space station in February, blocking passage to Soyuz.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/9707/mir/soyuz/index.html (581 words)

	Soyuz 23 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soyuz 23 was intended to carry cosmonauts Vyacheslav Zudov and Valeri Rozhdestvenski to the Salyut 5 space station, presumably on an Almaz military mission.
		Although the Soyuz reached the station, a malfunction of the docking system did not allow a docking, similar to the problem experienced by Soyuz 15.
		Once again, by the time the automatic system had failed, there was no more fuel left for a manual docking and the mission had to be abandoned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_23 (210 words)

	Modernized Russian Vehicle Soyuz Will Fly to the Moon - Space Executive - Space - RedOrbit
		Baykonur (Kazakhstan), 23 October: Energiya is implementing a programme to fundamentally renew the fleet of piloted and cargo space vehicles, Nikolay Sevastyanov, the president of the [Russian] RKK (space rocket corporation) Energiya, has said.
		He noted that the main aim of modernization is a move to a new element base and new technologies, which will make it possible to expand the functions of the vessel and to lower the weight of equipment.
		It is planned that the new Soyuz will be launched, including from the Kourou spaceport in French Guiana, with the help of a Soyuz-2 rocket carrier, Sevastyanov noted.
	www.redorbit.com /news/space/703918/modernized_russian_vehicle_soyuz_will_fly_to_the_moon_/index.html?source=r_space (529 words)

	[No title]
		Soyuz spacecraft often wind up on their sides after landing, which is a serious concern to evacuation of an injured or unconscious crew member.
		Soyuz hung loosely by extended probe for one full orbit, swinging back and forth near station structure, until ground control sent new commands to station latches, forcing them fully open.
		Source 1 is an ESA cosmonaut involved in the Euromir program; source two is a private interview with one of the two Soyuz crewmembers, which described how the first post burn sequence got within 20 seconds of separation pyro initiation, and the second post burn sequence got within 2 seconds.
	www.jamesoberg.com /russian/soyuz.html (2852 words)

	An analysis of the Soyuz 1 flight
		Soyuz-1 carrying Vladimir Komarov was indeed launched from Baikonur at 0035 UT on 23 April 1967.
		Suppose that the spacecraft -Y axis (see article about the Soyuz attitude control system) was pointing roughly in the nadir direction, then the average power received by the single solar panel can be estimated using the knowledge that the sun was roughly in the orbital plane.
		The first retrofire attempt was made at 2356:12 UT on 23 April 1967 (7) with the goal of landing on the 16 th revolution.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /histind/Soyuz1Land/Soyanaly.htm (4278 words)

	ESA - Cervantes Mission - The Russian Soyuz spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Soyuz programme is the longest operational manned spacecraft programme in the history of space exploration.
		Neither the Soyuz rockets nor the Soyuz vehicles are reusable.
		The Soyuz TMA-3 will be docked to the ISS for use as a lifeboat vehicle for the permanent crew.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/Cervantes_mission/SEMGP01P4HD_0.html (541 words)

	Soyuz TM-5 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soyuz TM-5 was the fifth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.
		Soyuz TM-5 launched on 1988 June 7 and arrived at Mir on June 9 carrying the second Bulgarian in space, Alexandrov (not to be confused with the Soviet cosmonaut of the same name).
		He became the first Bulgarian to reach a Soviet space station (Georgi Ivanov failed to reach Salyut 6 on Soyuz 33 in 1979—Alexandrov was his backup).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_TM-5 (507 words)

	Soyuz 10
		Soyuz 10 was connected to the station for 5 hours and 30 minutes.
		During the landing, the Soyuz air supply became toxic, and Rukavishnikov (much like the case of Vance Brand during the Apollo ASTP return) was overcome and became unconscious.
		The VVS insists that the Soyuz 10 crew land in daylight.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/soyuz10.htm (5009 words)

	Space Accidents : Lessons Learnt
		His mission was to dock with another Soyuz spacecraft, but one of the two solar panels that supplied energy for the maneuver refused to deploy.
		The cosmonauts were found dead in the Soyuz 11 capsule when it was opened after landing.
		The design of the Soyuz reentry module at the time did not allow enough room for three cosmonauts to wear spacesuits.
	www.isam-india.org /essays/cme_accident.shtml (4445 words)

	Spacecraft - Soyuz
		Soyuz is the most-utilized manned spacecraft and is now into its third decade with a flight total comparable to the aggregate for Mercury, Gemini, Apollo and Shuttle.
		Soyuz 1-9 (1967-69) were configured for 3-man LEO solo missions of up to 2-1/2 weeks.
		Progress is derived from the manned Soyuz vehicle, but with the descent module replaced by a compartment for transporting up to 940 kg of propellants, other liquids and compressed gases for piping inot the station.
	www.braeunig.us /space/specs/soyuz.htm (1735 words)

	Blazing Satellites: Guns in Space!
		The station had a 23 mm rapid-fire cannon mounted on the outside, along the long axis of the station “for defence against US space-based inspectors/interceptors”.
		Pavel Popovich, commander of the July 1974 Soyuz 14 flight to Salyut 3, is said to have indicated that the cannon was installed on Salyut 3 but “fortunately he was not forced to use it”.
		The survival kit in the Soyuz spacecraft which ferries cosmonauts to and from the Mir space station is said to contain, among other things, a pistol and ammunition.
	www.fourmilab.ch /documents/spaceguns (619 words)

	What Would NASA Do If A Soyuz Landed In America? \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		While the Soyuz TM is an upgraded version of a venerable and reliable system, it returned to Earth flying a simple ballistic reentry without any crew or computer intervention.
		Soyuz 23 landed well away for its target on a frozen lake and became partially submerged.
		Attachment A: Draft (English) 1.0 Soyuz Contingency Landings in US (and North America) is a draft version of a series of calls (interactions, decisions, notifications, etc.) to be made as soon as it becomes clear that a Soyuz will be making a contingency landing in North America.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewnews.html?id=815 (1992 words)

	[No title]
		Soyuz 29/31, ÿ31/29, 32/34, 35/37, 36/35 and 37/36 ÿwere all started in ÿone ÿcapsule and ended in a different one.
		Soyuz 34 ÿwas also unmanned but its mission was to replace Soyuz 32, so its cosmonauts would have a fresh capsule to return in.
		Soyuz ÿ18A ÿwas aborted before achieving orbit and was ÿreplaced ÿby Soyuz 18B.
	www.textfiles.com /humor/manspace.hum (2683 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Project Soyuz
		Different variants of the Soyuz spacecraft have been the mainstay of the Russian manned space program since 1967, when Soyuz 1 was launched.
		The flight of Soyuz 11 also ended in tragedy for the Russians when a vent in the Soyuz craft opened during the crew's return from a successful first mission aboard Salyut 1.
		Soyuz is basically a ferry craft to the Russian space stations, Salyut and Mir, and three major variants have flown, 40 of the original type, 15 of the Soyuz T type, and (through July 1996) 23 of the Soyuz TM type.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/soyuz.htm (233 words)

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