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Topic: Soyuz 33

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	ISS developments in 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since at least one Soyuz had to be docked to the Ineternational Space Station constantly to provide emergency escape for the three-person resident crew, Russia committed to fly a fresh Soyuz to the ISS every six months to replace its predecessor.
		It was scheduled to replace the Soyuz TM-32, which arrived to the ISS in April 2001.
		The safe operation of the Soyuz vehicle is limited primarily by the lifetime of onboard batteries and the degradation cycle of the propellant for the attitude control thrusters in the spacecraft's reentry capsule.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /iss_soyuztm33.html (1210 words)

	Space Today Online - Soyuz transports cosmonauts and astronauts to the International Space Station
		Soyuz TMA-3 was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome to the ISS on October 18, 2003, carrying the Expedition 8 crew – American astronaut and commander Michael Foale and Russian cosmonaut and flight engineer Alexander "Sasha" Kaleri – as well as ESA's Spanish astronaut Pedro Duque.
		Soyuz TMA-4 was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome to the ISS on April 19, 2004, carrying the Expedition 9 crew to relieve the Expedition 8 crew.
		Soyuz TMA-5 was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome to the ISS on October 14, 2004, carrying the Expedition 10 crew to relieve the Expedition 9 crew.
	www.spacetoday.org /SpcStns/SoyuzTransport.html (2112 words)

	Soyuz TM-34 mission to the ISS
		Since at least one Soyuz had to be docked to the International Space Station constantly to provide emergency escape for the three-person resident crew, Russia committed to fly a fresh Soyuz to the ISS every six months to replace its predecessor.
		The Soyuz spacecraft with a "tail" number 208 became the 4th spacecraft of this type to fly to the ISS.
		The Soyuz TM-34 spacecraft successfully docked to the nadir docking port of the Zarya module of the ISS at 7:56 GMT, on April 27, 2002, as the two vehicles flew over Central Asia.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /iss_soyuztm34.html (1010 words)

	SPACE.com -- Soyuz Docks as Shuttleworth and Crew Begin Week-Long Stay at Station
		With Soyuz commander Yuri Gidzenko at the controls, the veteran cosmonaut manually flew the seven-ton spacecraft on its final approach to a port on the station's Zarya module.
		Having spent the past two days inside the cramped Soyuz spacecraft since Thursday's launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, the three men wore smiles as they entered the more spacious modules of the space station and could be seen moving cautiously and deliberately as they found their space legs.
		The Soyuz TM-34 delivered today is the fourth Soyuz to see duty at the outpost since the Expedition One crew first arrived at the station in November 2000.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/soyuz_dock_020427.html (1305 words)

	SPACE.com -- New Lifeboat Delivered to Station by Russian-French Crew
		Ninety minutes after the visitors moored a Russian Soyuz spacecraft at the station, hatches between the craft swung open and the trio was greeted by their hosts: Frank Culbertson, Vladimir Dezhurov and Mikhail Turin.
		Fuel meters on the Soyuz indicated that more propellant was used than expected as Afanasyev flew the Soyuz around the outpost to line it up with an Earth-facing port on the station's Russian Zarya space tug.
		Soyuz crew transport vehicles serve as emergency lifeboats at the station and would be used if a crisis forced a crew to abandon ship and return to Earth.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/tm33_dock_011023.html (965 words)

	Salyut 6 EO-3
		Soyuz 34 also tested improvements to the Soyuz main engine meant to prevent recurrence of the Soyuz 33 failure.
		On 14 June the Soviets transferred Soyuz 34 from the aft port to the front port by rotating Salyut 6.
		Soyuz 34 landed at 12:30 GMT with the crew of Lyakhov and Ryumin aboard.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/salt6eo3.htm (1458 words)

	Soyuz programme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the manned lunar programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.
		Soyuz survived the demise of the manned lunar programme in that it developed into a variety of projects (both military and civilian), mostly in conjunction with space stations.
		Soyuz 1 through 11 (1967-1971) were first-generation vehicles, carrying a crew of up to three without spacesuits and distinguished from those following by their bent solar panels and their use of the Igla automatic docking navigation system, which required special radar antennas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_program (615 words)

	1979
		Soyuz 33 is approaching Salyut 6 but it's main engine shuts down during the final docking run - at the same time, Salyut 6 cosmonauts Lyakhov and Ryumin observe a glow from Soyuz 33 engine compartment - orbit of Soyuz 33 is 292 x 353 kilometres
		Soyuz 33 lands - 320 kilometres south-east of Dzhezhkazgan - after re-entry along a ballistic trajectory, rather than using the controlled, lifting re-entry normally employed by Soyuz - peak loading was 8-10 'g' rather than the norm of 3-4 'g'
		Soyuz 34 undocks with Lyakhov and Ryumin aboard
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/1979.htm (669 words)

	Soyuz 4 Taxi Flight Crew
		Once there, the Soyuz 4 Taxi crew conducted joint operations with the Expedition Four crew, performed educational and science activities and traded Soyuz space vehicles.
		The Soyuz 4 crewmembers exchanged seat liners from the new Soyuz to the 6-month-old Soyuz TM-33 in which they would ride home.
		Soyuz Commander Yuri Gidzenko, on his third mission to space, is the first member of an Expedition crew to revisit the station.
	www.pg.infn.it /vittori/equipaggio/equipaggio.htm (446 words)

	Soyuz TM-34 - Taxi Crew 03 - Marco Polo Mission
		The tasks of the mission have been successfully completed: transportation spacecraft Soyuz TM-33, which stayed docked with ISS since October 23, 2002 as a crew rescue vehicle, has been replaced with Soyuz TM-34 spacecraft; the full scope of scientific research and experiments under the visiting mission program has been completed.
		The ISS space station continues its flight in a low-Earth orbit with inclination of 51.65°, with the maximum and minimum altitudes of 411.8 and 385.7 km, respectively, and orbital period of 92.3 minutes.
		During return to Earth of the Soyuz TM-33, its mission was controlled by the Lead Operations Control Team (LOCT) at MCC-M near Moscow (Korolev), which works in cooperation with the specialists of the US Mission Control (Houston).
	www.ik1sld.org /iss_taxicrew_03.htm (1456 words)

	[No title]
		Soyuz spacecraft often wind up on their sides after landing, which is a serious concern to evacuation of an injured or unconscious crew member.
		Soyuz hung loosely by extended probe for one full orbit, swinging back and forth near station structure, until ground control sent new commands to station latches, forcing them fully open.
		Source 1 is an ESA cosmonaut involved in the Euromir program; source two is a private interview with one of the two Soyuz crewmembers, which described how the first post burn sequence got within 20 seconds of separation pyro initiation, and the second post burn sequence got within 2 seconds.
	www.jamesoberg.com /soyuz.html (2852 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Project Soyuz
		Different variants of the Soyuz spacecraft have been the mainstay of the Russian manned space program since 1967, when Soyuz 1 was launched.
		The flight of Soyuz 11 also ended in tragedy for the Russians when a vent in the Soyuz craft opened during the crew's return from a successful first mission aboard Salyut 1.
		Soyuz is basically a ferry craft to the Russian space stations, Salyut and Mir, and three major variants have flown, 40 of the original type, 15 of the Soyuz T type, and (through July 1996) 23 of the Soyuz TM type.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/soyuz.htm (233 words)

	ISS EP-2
		Soyuz TM-33, an ISS lifeboat, carried two Russian and one French cosmonaut to the International Space Station (ISS).
		The new Soyuz was to remain docked as a lifeboat craft for the long-term ISS crew of three (two Russian and one American) astronauts.
		Soyuz TM-33 made its deorbit burn at 0257 UTC and landed successfully at 0352 UTC 25 km SE of Arkalyk.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/issep2.htm (659 words)

	VIDEOARCHIVE - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET & SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Soyuz TMA-8 spacecraft docking with the International Space Station was performed.
		At 11 hours 37 minutes 20 seconds Moscow Summer Time the Russian Soyuz TM-32 manned transport vehicle was launched by the Souyz-U launch vehicle from Baikonur cosmodrome in support of the subsequent activities aimed at implementation of the International Space Station (ISS) ambitious project.
		Preparation of the Soyuz TM space craft for launch to the International Space sration with the first prime crew (ISS-1) is still in progress.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/archive/video.html (682 words)

	Soyuz TM-33 - Summary
		Soyuz TM-33 carried a three-person crew, Russian cosmonauts Viktor Afanasyev (Commander) and Konstantin Kozeyev (Flight Engineer), as well as Frenchwoman Claudie Haignere (Flight Engineer), for a 10 day mission.
		One of the main objectives of the flight is to deliver the new Soyuz spacecraft to the space station to serve as the station lifeboat in the event of an emergency.
		The Soyuz TM-33 crew is bringing a supply of the popular beverage with them.
	spaceandtech.com /spacedata/logs/2001/2001-048a_soyuz-tm33_sum.shtml (351 words)

	Rukavishnikov (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Soyuz 11 is on the launch pad, and which crew will fly is still being argued.
		Check-out of the Soyuz space craft's on-board systems which had been modernized to meet the requirements of the 1975 joint flight in accordance with the programme of the Soviet-United States experiment; conduct of scientific and technical investigations.
		Soyuz 19 initial orbital parameters were 220.8 by 185.07 kilometres, at the desired inclination of 51.80°, while the period of the first orbit was 88.6 minutes.
	www.astronautix.com.cob-web.org:8888 /astros/ruknikov.htm (4031 words)

	Lovaura.com Space Memorabilia - Salyut Space Stations.
		Original Soviet postcard issued in 1985 to commemorate the 15th Anniversary of the Soyuz 9 mission which was a long-duration mission to gather data on the effects of long-term space flight on humans and other organisms.
		The second attempt at Soyuz 18, with new cosmonauts Klimuk and Sevastyonov, launched on the 24th May and docked with the Salyut 4 Space Station.
		Official Soviet Soyuz T-6 mounted stamp commemorating the Soyuz T-6 mission which carried the joint Soviet-French crew of Dzhanibekov, Ivanchenkov and Chretien to the Salyut 7 space station.
	www.lovaura.com /salyut.htm (3464 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Soyuz Flight Details 4
		The Soyuz 31 crew returned to Earth in the Soyuz 29 spacecraft, leaving Soyuz 31 for the long-duration crew's later return.
		The major emphasis of the flight was on the effects of weightlessness on the crew during long missions.
		The primary purpose of the flight was to conduct repairs to the Salyut 6 station and to perform further tests of the redesigned Soyuz T spacecraft.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/soy-31.htm (598 words)

	Proton 8K82K (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Soyuz 7K-S station ferry, the 7K-ST, would be revised to be a more conservative modification of the Soyuz 7K-OK. The OIS cosmonaut group was incorporated into the Almaz group.
		Soyuz 25 was planned, but the mission would have been incomplete due to low orientation fuel on Salyut 5, so it was cancelled.
		Soyuz 33 failure to dock due to propulsion failure April 1979.
	www.astronautix.com.cob-web.org:8888 /lvs/pro8k82k.htm (6767 words)

	The Soyuz-33 Engine Explosion \| VideoCosmos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Commanders of the crew were skilled civilian engineers, who took part in the design and construction of the Soyuz spacecrafts – and that was the saving grace.
		At first the reason was not clear, but with the telemetry data and skill of the commander – and report from the station crew about the visual "picture" of the approaching Soyuz – it became clear that the main engines of the spacecraft were out of order.
		All other possibilities – and later MCC agreed – were "science fiction" – using the station to dock with Soyuz; the launch of another Soyuz with a specially designed and installed docking gear...
	www.videocosmos.com /soyuz33.shtm (801 words)

	Next Mission to ISS: Soyuz TMA-1 Taxi Mission \| ISS Fan Club
		It was scheduled to replace the Soyuz TM-34, which arrived to the Station in April 2002.
		The onboard resources and properties of propellant loaded in the reentry capsule of the Soyuz limit safe operation of the craft in space by six months.The Soyuz TMA-1 spacecraft became the next Soyuz (5th) to fly to the ISS.
		Under this agreement, after Claudie Haignere (Soyuz TM-33) and Roberto Vittori (Soyuz TM-34), ESA astronaut Frank De Winne, from Belgium, was assigned to the Soyuz TMA-1 taxi mission to the ISS scheduled for October-November 2002.
	www.issfanclub.com /node/2431 (484 words)

	Salyut 6 EP-5-1 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The docking was called off and the Soyuz 33 crew conducted a to return to Earth using the backup engine.
		The Soyuz 33 crew was to have traded its spacecraft for Soyuz 32.
		Still uncertain of the reliability of the Soyuz, Soyuz 34 was launched unmanned to the station to provide the crew with a fresh lifeboat.
	www.astronautix.com.cob-web.org:8888 /flights/sal6ep51.htm (462 words)

	Soyuz Launch Vehicle - Russia and Space Transportation Systems
		The Soyuz- U/U2 launcher currently has a LEO payload capacity of approximately 7,300 kg for 52 degree inclination orbits.
		The Soyuz-U2 upgrade was introduced in 1986 to support the Soyuz-TM spacecraft and has also been used for Progress-M spacecraft and the sixth generation photographic reconnaissance satellites.
		A malfunction in the second stage of the 27 April 1993 flight led to the loss of its photographic reconnaissance payload (References 245-246).
	www.fas.org /spp/guide/russia/launch/soyuz.htm (534 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Left behind on the nadir docking port of the Zarya module of the ISS is a new Soyuz TM-34 return craft, in which Gidzenko, Vittori and Shuttleworth were launched on April 25 and which they guided to a docking to the ISS last Saturday.
		Fresh Soyuz spacecraft are brought to the station every six months to serve as an emergency return vehicle in the event a problem forces station residents to leave the complex prematurely.
		After backing the older Soyuz away from the Pirs docking port, Gidzenko fired the Soyuz' thrusters to begin a separation maneuver away from the station.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /news/space/2002/05-04.txt (334 words)

	Digital Journal - Off-Course Soyuz Landing Due to Technical Fault, say Investigators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Three weeks after the Soyuz capsule touched down on the steppes of Kazakhstan, nearly 500 kilometers from its intended landing site, the three-man crew was cleared of any wrongdoing.
		The subsequent grounding of American shuttles has left the Soyuz as the primary vehicle to carry humans and cargo to and from the International Space Station.
		That means that any serious problem with the Soyuz would stall the space program and maroon the crew aboard the space station.
	www.digitaljournal.com /news/?articleID=3693 (456 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Soyuz spacecraft lands safely
		Ms Haignere, a 44-year-old rheumatologist and expert in neuroscience, was responsible for mooring the Soyuz vessel.
		Research conducted during the Soyuz's mission included medical and biological experiments, including the development of embryos in animals in conditions of zero-gravity.
		So after leaving the new Soyuz TM-33 docked to the station, Ms Haignere and her partners returned to Earth in the old Soyuz TM-32.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1629629.stm (320 words)

	Soyouz- TM-33 : les informations russes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The crew landing in Soyuz TM-32 descent vehicle is scheduled for October 31, 2001.
		In July of 1993 she was backup of Jean-Pierre Haignere on this program and monitored implementation of biomedical experiments from the MCC at Moscow Area.
		The Soyuz TM-33 spacecraft is scheduled to be launched on October 21, 2001.
	www.sciencepresse.qc.ca /clafleur/Soyouz-TM33.html (2009 words)

	Occupation3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Soyuz 33’s failure curtailed activities for the rest of the year with the major other event being replacement of the ageing Soyuz 32 by Soyuz 34 - flown into orbit without a crew.
		Subsequently, Soyuz 32 returned to Earth with no crew aboard, leaving cosmonauts Lyakhov and Ryumin a fresher (and safer) vehicle in which to return to Earth themselves.
		Soyuz 33 launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Soyuz rocket into 194 x 261 kilometre orbit with
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/Salyut6/Occupation3.htm (720 words)

	Soyuz Launches Mission to Space Station / Will Film Japanese TV Commercial
		A Soyuz U successfully launched Soyuz TM-33 from Baikonur Cosmodrome, pad LC 1, at 08:59 UTC on October 21.
		The spacecraft is expected to dock with the International Space Station (ISS) on October 23 at 11:41 UTC.
		Before this Soyuz flight was launched, the space station's Expedition Three crew moved the Soyuz TM-32 from the Earth-facing port on the Zarya module to a new location on the Russian Pirs Docking Compartment, clearing the port for the arrival of the visiting crew.
	www.spaceandtech.com /digest/flash2001/flash2001-092.shtml (548 words)

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