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	Starsem Soyuz rocket launches ESA's Cluster satellites into Earth orbit
		PARIS -- An upgraded versionof the historic Soyuz rocket that launched the first man into space in1961 successfully sent into orbit Sunday the first pair of the EuropeanSpace Agency (ESA) Cluster2 satellites.
		A Starsem Soyuz rocket climbsaway from the Baikonur Cosmodrome carrying the first two Cluster probesinto orbit for the European Space Agency.
		The Soyuz rocket that carriedthe first two Cluster probes into orbit for the European Space Agency awaitslaunch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/launches/soyuz_cluster_launch_000716.html (778 words)

	Space Adventures — Soyuz-TMA Spacecraft < Vehicles < Background Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is designed to serve as the International Space Station's crew return vehicle, acting as a lifeboat in the unlikely event an emergency would require the crew to leave the station.
		The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is a replacement for the Soyuz TM, which was used from May 1986 to November 2002 to take astronauts and cosmonauts to Mir and then to the International Space Station beginning in November 2000.
		The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is composed of three elements attached end-to-end — the Orbital Module, the Descent Module and the Instrumentation/Propulsion Module.
	spaceadventures.com /media/info/vehicles/soyuztma (1811 words)

	Soyuz program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Soyuz human spaceflight program was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the Luna program that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.
		The Soyuz spacecraft and the Soyuz launch vehicle are both part of this program.
		As of 2003 Soyuz derivatives provide Russia 's human spaceflight capability and are used ferry personnel and supplies to and from International Space Station.
	www.freeglossary.com /Soyuz_programme (433 words)

	Soyuz 7K-T
		However problems were found on Soyuz 1 when the ion gauges would not function in ion 'pockets' of low density in the re-entry manoeuvre portion of the orbit.
		Soyuz finally was separated from by ground control command at 192 km, and following a 20.6+ G reentry, the capsule landed in the Altai mountains, tumbled down a mountainside, and snagged in some bushes just short of a precipice.
		A Soyuz 25 mission to the Salyut 5 space station with the crew of Berzovoi and Lisun was to have followed Soyuz 24.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craft/soyuz7kt.htm (1891 words)

	Soyuz programme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the manned lunar programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.
		Soyuz survived the demise of the manned lunar programme in that it developed into a variety of projects (both military and civilian), mostly in conjunction with space stations.
		Soyuz 1 through 11 (1967-1971) were first-generation vehicles, carrying a crew of up to three without spacesuits and distinguished from those following by their bent solar panels and their use of the Igla automatic docking navigation system, which required special radar antennas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_program (615 words)

	Russia's early space stations (1969-1985)
		The station used the body from the Almaz project and modified systems from the Soyuz spacecraft.
		The crews would visit the station onboard a new version of the Soyuz spacecraft designated 7K-T. On Feb. 9, 1970, the Soviet government officially endorsed the program, under code DOS-7K.
		A 3rd generation Salyut space station, differs from its predecessors by a second docking port and a capability to be refueled in orbit from the Progress cargo ships.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /spacecraft_manned_salyut.html (1215 words)

	Soyuz Data Sheet
		The Soyuz launcher is the latest in a remarkable series of rockets based on Korolev's original R-7 (Semyorka).
		The Soyuz rocket is best known for boosting manned Soyuz and unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft into low earth orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, but many more have launched reconnaisance and scientific satellites from both Baikonur and from Russia's once secret Plestesk Northern Cosmodrome.
		The Soyuz launch vehicle and its payload are integrated horizontally in a hanger.
	www.geocities.com /launchreport/soyuz.html (1069 words)

	[No title]
		The mission was the fifth Soyuz to dock with the international space station since the first permanent crew arrived Nov. 1, 2000.
		Although the Soyuz TMA represents a significant upgrade, Russian space officials have concluded that the changes are not so revolutionary as to require an unmanned test flight, as had been the case for previous new variants of the vehicle.
		The Soyuz docked to the ISS at the time of the Soyuz TMA-1 launch was Soyuz TM-34, the last to be built.
	www.jamesoberg.com /102002soyuztma_tec.html (891 words)

	Final (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Soyuz 39 docks at the aft port of Salyut 6 - orbit is 336 x 350 kilometres
		Soyuz 39 undocks with Dzhanibekov and Gurragcha aboard
		Soyuz 40 docks at the aft port of Salyut 6 - orbit is 331 x 345 kilometres
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/Salyut6/Final.htm (514 words)

	Lovaura.com Space Memorabilia - Salyut Space Stations.
		Original Soviet postcard issued in 1985 to commemorate the 15th Anniversary of the Soyuz 9 mission which was a long-duration mission to gather data on the effects of long-term space flight on humans and other organisms.
		The second attempt at Soyuz 18, with new cosmonauts Klimuk and Sevastyonov, launched on the 24th May and docked with the Salyut 4 Space Station.
		Stamped with the official Soyuz 29 Soviet postal stamp and cancelled in Moscow on the 20th December 1978.
	www.lovaura.com /salyut.htm (3464 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Project Soyuz
		Different variants of the Soyuz spacecraft have been the mainstay of the Russian manned space program since 1967, when Soyuz 1 was launched.
		The flight of Soyuz 11 also ended in tragedy for the Russians when a vent in the Soyuz craft opened during the crew's return from a successful first mission aboard Salyut 1.
		Soyuz is basically a ferry craft to the Russian space stations, Salyut and Mir, and three major variants have flown, 40 of the original type, 15 of the Soyuz T type, and (through July 1996) 23 of the Soyuz TM type.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/soyuz.htm (233 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Soyuz Flight Details 4
		The Soyuz 31 crew returned to Earth in the Soyuz 29 spacecraft, leaving Soyuz 31 for the long-duration crew's later return.
		The primary purpose of the flight was to conduct repairs to the Salyut 6 station and to perform further tests of the redesigned Soyuz T spacecraft.
		The flight, which occurred during the Soyuz T-4 long duration mission, marked the last in a series of nine flights with non-Russian cosmonauts from socialist countries.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/soy-31.htm (598 words)

	[No title]
		Soyuz 29/31, ÿ31/29, 32/34, 35/37, 36/35 and 37/36 ÿwere all started in ÿone ÿcapsule and ended in a different one.
		Soyuz 34 ÿwas also unmanned but its mission was to replace Soyuz 32, so its cosmonauts would have a fresh capsule to return in.
		Soyuz ÿ18A ÿwas aborted before achieving orbit and was ÿreplaced ÿby Soyuz 18B.
	www.textfiles.com /humor/manspace.hum (2683 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Launch of Russia's Soyuz craft delayed to Sept. 18
		Russian space officials decided on Thursday to delay the launch of a Soyuz spaceship to the International Space Station (ISS) to Sep. 18, four days later than its original blast off date.
		The Soyuz craft will send a new crew -- Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin and U.S. astronaut Michael Lopez-Alegria -- to the ISS and carry the world's first female space tourist, Iranian-born American Anousheh Ansari, for a 10-day trip to the orbiting lab.
		Russia's manned Soyuz ships and Progress supply ships have since been the workhorses for the ISS, ferrying crews and supplies to keep the station ticking over during the long shutdown of the U.S. shuttle fleet.
	english.people.com.cn /200609/01/eng20060901_298707.html (359 words)

	Soyuz 39 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soyuz 39 crew visited Vladimir Kovalyonok and Viktor Savinykh, who were delivered by the Soyuz-T4 spacecraft.
		Soyuz 39 docked with the first Mongolian cosmonaut aboard.
		The Fotons assisted the Intercosmos crew with station equipment and oriented the station according to the needs of the Visiting Expedition’s experiments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_39 (207 words)

	CNN.com - Space station welcomes Soyuz crew - Apr. 28, 2003
		A Russian Soyuz capsule successfully docked with the international space station to drop off an astronaut-cosmonaut team and supplies.
		The docking of the Soyuz TMA-2 to the space station took place at 9:56 a.m.
		That trio will return to Earth on May 3 aboard the Soyuz space vehicle now tethered to the station, which has been in operation with a crew since November 2, 2000, as its escape vehicle.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/space/04/28/soyuz.docking (522 words)

	ESA - Astrolab - ISS crew to take Soyuz ride
		The repositioning of the Soyuz spacecraft will free up the aft docking port on the Zvezda module for the arrival of the Russian Progress cargo spaceship on 26 October 2006.
		Before entering the Soyuz spacecraft the crew will carry out a series of deactivation and check-out activities – leaving the ISS systems in stand-by mode during the relocation activities, in case of any problem which causes the crew to abandon the Station and return to Earth.
		Once inside the Soyuz, the Expedition crew will close the hatches between the spacecraft and the Zvezda module.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/Astrolab/SEM38AV74TE_0.html (355 words)

	: : d u r a : m a t e r : :: October 2003
		Soyuz TMA-3 is on its way, chasing down the ISS to deliver Expedition 8, and to change out the Soyuz.
		While I was in Star City in the summer of 2000, I got the chance to sit in the TM series trainer, which was being phased out for the newer TMA, in which Sheperd, Gidzenko and Krikalev were training at the time.
		In 1976, Soyuz 23 landed in a marsh, on the edge of Lake Tengiz, in the middle of a blizzard.
	filmer.blogspot.com /2003_10_01_filmer_archive.html (5336 words)

	The Space Review: Behind the beautiful Soyuz launch: overcoming a communications emergency
		Communications during the first few minutes of a Soyuz flight are particularly critical since, unlike NASA with its space network of relay satellites that provide essentially continuous contact all around the planet, Russia must rely only on in-country ground tracking facilities.
		This means that after only twenty minutes in flight, the Soyuz passes beyond the range of radio stations, out over the Pacific Ocean—and stays out of touch until it circles around the Earth and approaches Russia from the west, an hour later.
		And a more alarming problem with partial cabin depressurization on a Soyuz landing last fall apparently was also not fully explained at the time (or later) to NASA even though an American astronaut had been on board.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/597/1 (1394 words)

	Amazon.ca: Soyuz : A Universal Spacecraft: Books: Rex Hall,David Shayler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft, authors Rex Hall and Dave Shayler review the development and operations of the Soyuz family of spacecraft.
		In addition, since 1978 the unmanned freighter version called Progress has provided a means in which to regularly re-supply a space station and so prolong its orbital lifetime.
		Using authentic Soviet and Russian sources this book is the first known work in the west dedicated to revealing the full story of the Soyuz series, including a complete listing of vehicle production numbers.
	www.amazon.ca /Soyuz-Universal-Spacecraft-Rex-Hall/dp/1852336579 (404 words)

	ESA Portal - GIOVE-A on the launch pad; launch rehearsal completed
		GIOVE-A and the Fregat launcher upper stage, encapsulated in the rocket nose cone, travelled by rail to the launcher integration facility where they were mated with the third stage of the Soyuz launch vehicle.
		After installation of a thermal cover over the fairing, or nose cone, GIOVE-A, Fregat and the Soyuz third stage were mated with the first and second stages of the launcher.
		On 26 December, a full launch rehearsal was conducted, involving the Soyuz launch team, the ESA and Surrey Satellite Technology (SSTL) teams at Baikonur, the ground controllers at SSTL’s facility in Guildford, UK and the ground station network that will track the launch.
	www.esa.int /esaCP/SEMQ7T8A9HE_index_0.html (411 words)

	Appendix C-U.S. and Russian Human Spaceflights, 1961-Sep. 30, 1995
		Docked with Salyut 3 and Soyuz 14 crew occupied space station.
		Soyuz stages failed to separate; crew recovered after abort.
		Docked with Salyut 6, later served as ferry for Soyuz 32 crew while Soyuz 32 returned without a crew.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /pao/History/presrep95/c1a.htm (325 words)

	Soyuz space mission launched carrying 39 experiments
		On 31 May, a Soyuz Foton-2 rocket will be launched on schedule from Kazachstan - a mission which will be followed closely at the National Aerospace Laboratory NLR.
		The biofilter and the PAHs are among 39 experiments that will take place during the 16-day mission.
		The biofilter is a joint cooperation project involving the NLR, Prime Investigator Bioclear and a number of universities in the Netherlands and abroad.
	www.nlr.nl /eCache/DEF/452.html (434 words)

	spacetoday.net: Soyuz docks with ISS
		A Soyuz spacecraft carrying a replacement crew and a commercial passenger docked with the International Space Station early Monday.
		On board the Soyuz is the Expedition 12 crew of William McArthur and Valery Tokarev, who will relieve the Expedition 11 crew currently on the station.
		Also on the Soyuz is American businessman Greg Olsen, a commercial passenger billed as the third commercial space tourist.
	www.spacetoday.net /Summary/3099 (310 words)

	Salyut 6 Flights
		Note: + Soyuz 25 and Soyuz 33 failed to dock with Salyut 6.
		* Soyuz 32 landed unmanned on June 15, 1979.
		Soyuz 34 was launched unmanned on June 6, 1979 to provide a new return vehicle for the crew of Soyuz 32 and to test fixes to the propulsion system following the docking failure of Soyuz** 33 during April 1979.
	pages.prodigy.net /pxkb94ars/Astro_Salyut_6.htm (76 words)

	Soyuz 39 - Definition, explanation
		The Soyuz 39 crew visited Vladimir Kovalyonok and Viktor Savinykh, who were delivered by the Soyuz-T4 spacecraft.
		Soyuz 39 docked with the first Mongolian cosmonaut aboard.
		The Fotons assisted the Intercosmos crew with station equipment and oriented the station according to the needs of the Visiting Expedition’s experiments.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/s/so/soyuz_39.php (204 words)

	Universe Today - Soyuz Launches Foton-M Spacecraft
		This is a special research satellite for the European Space Agency, which has 39 experiments on board ranging from fluid physics to exobiology.
		The capsule and experiments will be recovered quickly after landing and the time sensitive experiments will be rushed back to researchers in Europe.
		The European payload carried by Foton-M2 covers a scientific programme consisting of 39 experiments in fluid physics, biology, material science, meteoritics, radiation dosimetry and exobiology.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/foton_m_launched.html (686 words)

	Salyut 6
		Soyuz spacecraft docked to one port, leaving the other available for visiting Soyuz crews on short-duration missions or Progress resupply vehicles.
		There was also a changeover from the Soyuz to the Soyuz-T manned spacecraft during this time.
		This was the first time since the Soyuz 11 flight in 1971 that three cosmonauts were able to fly a mission together.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spacestation/salyut6.html (1033 words)

	Soyuz
		Notes: 1st Soyuz mission and crashed on landing, killing crew
		Notes: Lyzkhov and Mohmand landed on Soyuz TM- 5, Polyakov landed on Soyuz TM-7
		Mankind will not remain on Earth forever, but in its quest for light and space will at first timidly penetrate beyond the confines of the atmosphere, and later will conquer for itself all the space near the Sun.
	www.freewebs.com /manned_spaceflight_database/soyuz.htm (338 words)

	Gurragcha
		Training group of potential 'guest cosmonauts' for propaganda flights to the Salyut space station.
		The 'guests', from states allied to the Soviet Union, would be flown on Soyuz lifeboat changeout missions to the station.
		30 March 1981 - Landing of Soyuz 39.
	www.astronautix.com /astros/guragcha.htm (146 words)

	Salyut 6 EP-9
		Transported to the Salyut-6 orbital station the eighth international crew under the Intercosmos programme, comprising V A Dzhanibekov (USSR) and Z. Gurragchi (Mongolian People's Republic) to conduct scientific investigations and experiments.
		1981 Mar 22 - Soyuz 39 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
		1981 Mar 30 - Landing of Soyuz 39
	www.astronautix.com /flights/salt6ep9.htm (252 words)

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