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Topic: Soyuz 8

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	Soyuz - MSN Encarta
		Soyuz was first proposed in 1962 as part of the lunar program of the former Soviet Union.
		Soyuz spacecraft are launched on Soyuz rockets, which consist of four first-stage booster rockets strapped to a core rocket and the second-stage booster.
		If crew members are scheduled to remain on the space station past the safe lifetime of their Soyuz spacecraft, a guest crew visits the station, returns to Earth in the old spacecraft, and leaves the more recent Soyuz spacecraft for the resident members to use on their return voyage.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580678/Soyuz.html (1425 words)

	Soyuz TM
		The Soyuz TM-14 undocked from Mir at 21:47 GMT on Aug 9, and landed in Kazakhstan at 01:07 GMT on August 10.
		Soyuz TM-21 again undocked with the EO-19 crew on September 11 from the Kvant rear port on Mir and landed at 50 deg 41'N 68 deg 15'E, 108 km northeast of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan, at 06:52:40 GMT.
		Soyuz docked with Mir's front port at 14:50:21 GMT on August 19; Mir was in a 375 x 390 km x 51.6 deg orbit.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craft/soyuztm.htm (2910 words)

	Soyuz 8
		Soyuz 8 was part of a joint mission with Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 7 that saw three Soyuz spacecraft in orbit together at the same time, carrying seven cosmonauts.
		The crew consisted of commander Vladimir Shatalov and flight-engineer Aleksei Yeliseyev, whose mission was to dock with Soyuz 7 and transfer crew, as the Soyuz 4 and 5 missions did.
		Soyuz 6 was to film the operation from nearby.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/so/Soyuz_8.html (162 words)

	ESA - ESA Permanent Mission in Russia - Soyuz launch vehicle
		Soyuz, in its different versions, is renowned both for the number of successful launches made - more than 1600 - and for its role in carrying men and women from many different nations into space.
		Soyuz is used to carry out human missions from Baikonur and cargo missions from Baikonur and Plesetsk.
		Soyuz can be equipped with a Fregat upper stage with a fairing of 3.7 m diameter, developed by NPO Lavochkin, and also with an Ikar upper stage developed by TsSKB-Progress in Samara.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/ESA_Permanent_Mission_in_Russia/SEMAM1X4QWD_0.html (662 words)

	ESA Human Spaceflight \| Users » Mission Description
		Launched from Baikonur in Kazakhstan on a rocket which is also called Soyuz (Russian rockets generally are called after the name of the main payload that they carry into space) the Soyuz spacecraft can carry a crew of up to 3 persons.
		If no emergency happens, the Soyuz spacecraft have to return to Earth nevertheless, as they are only certified to stay operational in the hard physical environment of space for up to 180 days.
		Soyuz spacecraft have three seats, but it only needs two crew members to control the spacecraft.
	www.spaceflight.esa.int /users/index.cfm?act=default.page&level=11&page=1568 (1048 words)

	Mission of Soyuz TMA-8
		The situation was not expected to affect a scheduled arrival of the Soyuz TMA-9 spacecraft, according to NASA.
		Braking engine of the Soyuz spacecraft was fired at 04:23:47 Moscow Time and lasted for about four minutes, directing the spacecraft into the Earth atmosphere.
		The Expedition 13's successors onboard the ISS were able to videotape the entry of the Soyuz TMA-8 into the Earth's atmosphere.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /iss_soyuztma8.html (2039 words)

	[23.0] The Last Men On The Moon
		A Soyuz booster was launched on 24 November 1970 to put a modified LK Moon lander, lacking legs and instrumentation and with the designation of "T2K", into orbit to perform various maneuvers.
		"Soyuz 8" was launched on 13 October 1969, with a two-man crew consisting of Shatalov and Yelisayev, who had been on the Soyuz 4:5 dual mission.
		As was revealed after the fall of the USSR, Soyuz 6 was supposed to have photographed the docking between Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 8, but the rendezvous electronics on all three spacecraft failed, apparently because a new preflight test procedure disabled all three in exactly the same way.
	www.vectorsite.net /tamrc_23.html (7884 words)

	Lovaura.com Space Memorabilia - Mir Space Station.
		The Soyuz TM-8 crew, consisting of Commander A. Viktorenko and Flight Engineer A. Serebrov, docked with the Mir Space Station on the 8th September after five months which the station was uninhabited.
		The new Kvant-2 module was launched on the 26th November and was docked to Mir by the TM-8 crew on the 2nd December.
		The Soyuz TM-8 spacecraft was launched on the 5th September 1989 and spent 166 days in space; landing on the 19th February 1990.
	www.lovaura.com /mir.htm (1384 words)

	Soyuz@Everything2.com
		Soyuz was the name for the Russian moon capsule and is the Russian word for "Union".
		The Soyuz ASTP featured new solar panels for increased mission length, an androgynous universal docking mechanism instead of the standard male mechanism and modifications to the environmental control system to lower the cabin pressure to 0.68 atmospheres prior to docking with Apollo.
		The Soyuz serves as the lifeboat to be used by the crew in case of emergency.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node=Soyuz (3229 words)

	Soyuz 7
		The crew consisted of commander Anatoli Filipchenko, flight-engineer Vladislav Volkov and research-cosmonaut Viktor Gorbatko, whose mission was to dock with Soyuz 8 and transfer crew, as the Soyuz 4 and 5 missions did.
		Soviet sources were later to claim that no docking had been intended, but this seems unlikely, given the docking adapters carried by the spacecraft, and the fact that the Soyuz 8 crew were both veterans of the previous successful docking mission.
		Previous Soyuz mission: Soyuz 6, Next Soyuz mission: Soyuz 8
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/so/Soyuz_7.html (166 words)

	Soyuz programme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the manned lunar programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.
		Soyuz survived the demise of the manned lunar programme in that it developed into a variety of projects (both military and civilian), mostly in conjunction with space stations.
		Soyuz 1 through 11 (1967-1971) were first-generation vehicles, carrying a crew of up to three without spacesuits and distinguished from those following by their bent solar panels and their use of the Igla automatic docking navigation system, which required special radar antennas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_programme (615 words)

	Soyuz TMA-8 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soyuz TMA-8 is a Soyuz spacecraft which was launched on March 30, 2006 by a Soyuz launch vehicle from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
		The spacecraft carried two members of the Expedition 13 crew to the International Space Station, together with Marcos Pontes, the first Brazilian in space.
		Soyuz TMA-8 returned to Earth, together with Expedition 13, the spaceflight participant launched with Soyuz TMA-9, Anousheh Ansari.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_TMA-8 (199 words)

	Soyuz
		After the self-destruction of the first Soyuz 7K-OK on re-entry, and the loss of the second one on the pad fire in December, the state commission ruled that the third 7K-OK model would be flown unpiloted on a solo mission.
		The Soyuz 2 crew were given the order to rendezvous with Soyuz 1 and to try during the planned EVA to unfold the undeployed solar panel.
		Was to have taken spectacular motion pictures of Soyuz 7 - Soyuz 8 docking but failure of rendezvous electronics in all three craft due to new helium pressurization integrity test prior to mission did not permit successful rendezvous and dockings.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/project/soyuz.htm (2813 words)

	Soyuz 8
		Spacecraft s/n 14, 15, and 16 are to fly in August 1969, 17 and 18 in November 1969, and 19 and 20 in February-March 1970.
		After the landing of Soyuz 6 there are two further attempts to dock Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 8, but they fail due to large errors in the ballistic calculations of the manoeuvres necessary to correct their orbits.
		Soyuz 7 is to land on orbit 97, beginning a 95 m/s retrofire impulse at 11:44:11.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/soyuz8.htm (4068 words)

	The R-7 family of launchers
		The Soyuz, the most recognizable Russian rocket, is only one of several space boosters, which derived from the R-7 ballistic missile developed in the mid-1950s.
		On Wednesday, Oct. 16, Russian officials said the launch of the Soyuz TMA-1 spacecraft, which is to use the Soyuz FG rocket could be delayed, pending the investigation of the Plesetsk crash.
		The Soyuz FG rocket followed a standard trajectory to reach orbit with the inclination 51.6 degrees to the Equator.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /soyuz_lv.html (6578 words)

	Soyuz landing profile \| Kosmonavtka
		First, its harnesses allow the Soyuz to descend at an angle of 30 degrees to expel heat, then it shifts the Soyuz to a straight vertical descent.
		The normal type of landing is a controlled descent, where the automation software constantly orients the descent vehicle by its flat lower part to the Earth, ensuring lift due to the incidental airflow, and also inflicting minimum overloads on the crew up to 4 gravities.
		The civilian and military services had previously conducted Soyuz retrievals as separate bodies; they now both were under the command of Rosaeronavigatsii (though not completely merged as both had specific tasks).
	suzymchale.com /kosmonavtka/soyland.html (1832 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Space Station Mission Report \| Mission Status Center
		With the jettisoning of the capsule's heat shield, the Soyuz altimeter is exposed to the surface of the Earth.
		The Soyuz is now hitting the upper fringes of the atmosphere at an altitude of 400,000 feet.
		Once the heat shield is gone, the Soyuz altimeter is exposed to the surface of the Earth.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /station/exp12/status.html (2614 words)

	VIDEOARCHIVE - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET & SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA
		The Soyuz TMA-8 spacecraft docking with the International Space Station was performed.
		At 11 hours 37 minutes 20 seconds Moscow Summer Time the Russian Soyuz TM-32 manned transport vehicle was launched by the Souyz-U launch vehicle from Baikonur cosmodrome in support of the subsequent activities aimed at implementation of the International Space Station (ISS) ambitious project.
		Preparation of the Soyuz TM space craft for launch to the International Space sration with the first prime crew (ISS-1) is still in progress.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/archive/video.html (682 words)

	Soyuz TMA-8 takes off to ISS with Brazilian astronaut on TechWhack News
		Soyuz Returns to Earth with Three Cosmonauts Soyuz has finally returned to earth safely with three astronauts aboard it.
		Soyuz carrying a multinational crew docks with the ISS The Russian spacecraft carrying astronauts from various countries has finally docked with the International Space Station.
		Russian Soyuz spacecraft brings back the 12th crew to live aboard the ISS The news is in confirming that the 12th crew to live aboard the international Space Station has arrived safely back on Earth.
	news.techwhack.com /3355/soyuz-tma-8 (591 words)

	Soyuz-TMA 1 - 15 (7K-STMA, 11F732)
		The modified Soyuz TMA manned spacecraft has been developed on the basis of a Soyuz TM spacecraft in accordance with intergovernmental agreements between Russia and the USA and is an integral part of the International Space Station (ISS) Complex.
		The basic modifications of the Soyuz TM spacecraft are connected with implementation of requirements for enlargement of crew anthropometric parameter range up to the values acceptable for the American astronaut contingent, and with increase of crew protection level from shock loads by decreasing landing speeds and improving shock-absorption of its chairs.
		To denote the modification of this spacecraft in design and general technical documentation, the name "Soyuz TMA" (anthropometric) was adopted.
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/soyuz-tma.htm (542 words)

	Soyuz - Summary
		The Russian Soyuz launch vehicle evolved out of the original Class A ("Sputnik") ICBM designed by Sergei Korolev and his OKB-1 design bureau (now RSC Energia).
		From the early 1960's until today, the Soyuz launch vehicle has been the backbone of Russia's manned and un-manned space launch fleet.
		Work is underway to develop the Soyuz 2 and Soyuz Fregat - upgraded versions of the current Soyuz and Molniya vehicles.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/elvs/soyuz_sum.shtml (159 words)

	International Space Station Soyuz TMA-3
		The Soyuz vessel touched down near the city of Arkalyk at 0011 GMT Friday, with US astronaut Michael Foale, his Russian colleague Alexander Kalery and Andre Kuipers from the Netherlands on board.
		The Soyuz spacecraft had undocked from the ISS just over three hours earlier at 2052 GMT Thursday bringing back Foale and Kalery who had been aboard the ISS since October, as well as Kuipers who had just been in orbit since April 19.
		The Soyuz landing was broadcast live from Kazakhstan on giant screens at the control center outside Moscow.
	soyuzbags.everquestdesign.com /events.cfm (325 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Project Soyuz
		The flight of Soyuz 11 also ended in tragedy for the Russians when a vent in the Soyuz craft opened during the crew's return from a successful first mission aboard Salyut 1.
		Soyuz is basically a ferry craft to the Russian space stations, Salyut and Mir, and three major variants have flown, 40 of the original type, 15 of the Soyuz T type, and (through July 1996) 23 of the Soyuz TM type.
		In 2000, Soyuz operations transitioned from long-duration flights to Mir (last flight April 2000) to ferrying crews to and from the International Space Station (first flight October 2000).
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/soyuz.htm (233 words)

	Soyuz TM-5 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soyuz TM-5 was the fifth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.
		Soyuz TM-5 launched on 1988 June 7 and arrived at Mir on June 9 carrying the second Bulgarian in space, Alexandrov (not to be confused with the Soviet cosmonaut of the same name).
		He became the first Bulgarian to reach a Soviet space station (Georgi Ivanov failed to reach Salyut 6 on Soyuz 33 in 1979—Alexandrov was his backup).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_TM-5 (507 words)

	Soyuz carries new crew to space station - Space News - MSNBC.com
		The Soyuz-FG rocket with a Soyuz TMA-8 spacecraft attached to it lifted off just after dawn from the Russian-leased Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, taking Russian Pavel Vinogradov and American Jeffrey Williams to the station for their six month-stay.
		The Soyuz TMA-8 is due to dock at the station early Saturday.
		Vinogradov, who is the commander of the crew, said they would carry out more than 65 scientific experiments during the mission, including some to test human reaction to prolonged space travel.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/12072500 (828 words)

	Successful European DELTA Mission Concludes With Soyuz Landing
		Soyuz TMA-3 went through module separation, prior to re-entry, with the spacecraft's utility and instrument-assembly modules being uncoupled from the command module and burnt up in the Earth's atmosphere.
		This is the fifth Soyuz mission to the ISS with an ESA astronaut, and its success heralds more Soyuz missions in the future, with two further missions under discussion for next year.
		The ISS Expedition 8 crew have now been replaced by the ISS Expedition 9 crew, Gennady Padalka and Edward Fincke (NASA), who arrived with André Kuipers at the ISS in the Soyuz TMA-4 spacecraft on 21 April and are scheduled to return next October.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/iss-04t.html (1046 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Space Station Mission Report \| Mission Status Center
		With the jettisoning of the capsule's heat shield, the Soyuz altimeter is exposed to the surface of the Earth.
		The period of maximum G-loading on the Soyuz is expected to occur at this point in the descent.
		Their ISS Soyuz 7 capsule is scheduled to undock from the Station's Pirs Docking Compartment, where it has been during Expedition 8's stay on the Station, at 3:52 p.m.
	spaceflightnow.com /station/exp9/status2.html (4754 words)

	Soyuz Launch Vehicle - Russia and Space Transportation Systems
		The Soyuz- U/U2 launcher currently has a LEO payload capacity of approximately 7,300 kg for 52 degree inclination orbits.
		The Soyuz-U2 upgrade was introduced in 1986 to support the Soyuz-TM spacecraft and has also been used for Progress-M spacecraft and the sixth generation photographic reconnaissance satellites.
		A malfunction in the second stage of the 27 April 1993 flight led to the loss of its photographic reconnaissance payload (References 245-246).
	www.fas.org /spp/guide/russia/launch/soyuz.htm (534 words)

	Soyuz 7K-L1/Zond - Forums powered by UBBThreads™
		Zonds 5, 7 and 8 were both completely successful, Zonds 4 and 6 completed much of their mission although they ended badly.
		The Soyuz 7K-L1P s/n 1P seems to have been used only for fit tests and 10L and 15L were kept in reserve, so this list accounts for all the 15 Soyuz 7K-L1s produced.
		The Soyuz 7K-L1Es (which were part of Lunar L3), and the Soyuz 7K-L1A/L1T/L1Ss that were "flown" on the N1, would seem to be separate from this batch, and quite different.
	uplink.space.com /showflat.php?Cat=&Board=missions&Number=822568&page=0&view=collapsed&sb=5&o=0&fpart= (1217 words)

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