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Topic: Soyuz 9

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	Soyuz
		The manned Soyuz spacecraft was originally conceived by Sergei Korolev in 1961 as a component of the “Soyuz complex” that also included unmanned booster modules and orbiting fuel tankers and was geared toward a manned mission to the Moon (see Russian manned lunar programs).
		Three-man missions involving a Soyuz modified by the removal of large fuel tank at the rear of the instrument module (not needed with the abandonment of the Moon plan) and the addition of a new docking system with a hatch to allow cosmonauts to transfer to a space station without a spacewalk.
		Soyuz 11 docked with the station normally but its crew was killed during reentry when a valve opened suddenly and allowed all the air in the descent module to escape.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/Soyuz.html (1251 words)

	ESA - ESA Permanent Mission in Russia - Soyuz launch vehicle
		Soyuz, in its different versions, is renowned both for the number of successful launches made - more than 1600 - and for its role in carrying men and women from many different nations into space.
		The main reasons for the new Soyuz developments are: on the one hand the obsolescence of the control and telemetry systems; and on the other, the need to increase the performance.
		Soyuz can be equipped with a Fregat upper stage with a fairing of 3.7 m diameter, developed by NPO Lavochkin, and also with an Ikar upper stage developed by TsSKB-Progress in Samara.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/ESA_Permanent_Mission_in_Russia/SEMAM1X4QWD_0.html (644 words)

	S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET & SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA
		It is the ninth redocking of the Soyuzes throughout the ISS operation in a human flight mode.
		The Soyuz TMA-8 descent module returned to ground the Expedition 13 crew of the International Space Station (ISS-13) consisting of Pavel Vinogradov (commander, S.P.Korolev RSC Energia test cosmonaut), and Jeffry Williams (flight engineer, NASA astronaut).
		The cosmonauts and astronauts inspected Soyuz TMA-9 space vehicle, accomplished a fit check of the individual seat liners, became familiar with the flight data files and the list of cargo to be delivered, verified functionality of the radio communication equipment, as well as had a lesson on the scientific experiments.
	www.energia.ru /english/index.html (2978 words)

	Chronology of Manned Space Missions
		Soyuz 6, 7, and 8 were launched within a day of each other, putting a total of seven cosmonauts in space at the same time for a joint mission.
		Soyuz 13 carried the Orion astrophysical observatory, which was never deployed to the Salyut space station.
		Soyuz 15 had to cut its trip to Salyut 3 for a two-week mission short when their guidance system failed.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /cgi-bin/tour_def/space_missions/manned_table.html (3072 words)

	SOYUZ!
		It was called Soyuz, and used a series of five launches by the existing SL-4 booster of engine, fuel, and spacecraft modules to form a 19 tonne circumlunar complex in low earth orbit.
		The spacecraft was basically the Soyuz ferry, with all automatic docking systems deleted, solar cells in place of batteries, a universal docking system in place of the standard one, and minor ECS and radio modifications for compatibility with American systems.
		Soyuz 22 was the backup Soyuz ASTP with the East German MKF6 earth resources photo system in place of the docking collar.
	www.friends-partners.org /oldfriends/mwade/articles/soyuz.htm (3748 words)

	Soyuz-Expedition 9 Landing Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Soyuz crew should be feeling maximum G forces -- about five to eight times the force of normal gravity -- as their craft plunges toward a landing site in central Kazakhstan.
		The bug-shaped Soyuz and its jutting solar arrays could be seen glimmering in the distance as the two craft passed from the sunlit to the dark side of Earth.
		The Soyuz departure today marks the end of an eight-day period during which command and control of the station was handed over to the Expedition 10 crew, which includes incoming station skipper Leroy Chiao and his Russian colleague, Salizhan Sharipov.
	www.floridatoday.com /blogs/102304soyuz (3336 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Space Station Mission Report \| Mission Status Center
		A Russian Soyuz capsule carrying outgoing space station commander Pavel Vinogradov, NASA flight engineer Jeff Williams and space tourist Anousheh Ansari undocked from the international lab complex and returned to Earth on Thursday, landing near Arkalyk, Kazakhstan, around 9:14 p.m.
		With the jettisoning of the capsule's heat shield, the Soyuz altimeter is exposed to the surface of the Earth.
		The Soyuz is now hitting the upper fringes of the atmosphere at an altitude of 400,000 feet.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /station/exp13/status.html (2150 words)

	Soyuz Spacecraft
		The Soyuz Spacecraft is a versatile spacecraft which has been modified for various purposes such as, crew delivery and return capabilities to various Space Stations, circumlunar in the form of Zond L1, and various military versions.
		The Soyuz TM spacecraft ferried crews to the station and served as a "lifeboat." If the station main computer failed, the crew could use the spacecraft for power and life support.
		Soyuz TM is seven meters long and has a maximum diameter of 2.7 meters.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /soyuzspacecraft.html (490 words)

	Soyuz 3
		As for Soyuz, a 0+1 (docking of one unmanned spacecraft and a manned spacecraft with a single cosmonaut aboard) is planned for 25 October, to be followed by a 1+3 mission with a crew transfer by December at the earliest - possibly not until February-March of the following year.
		Soyuz 2 had two continuously illuminated lights on its upper side and two blinking lights on the lower side.
		Soyuz 3 landed 10 km from the aimpoint at 07:25 GMT.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/soyuz3.htm (2176 words)

	Soyuz Spacecraft :: فضاپيماي سايوز
		However, long after the Moon race was over, the Soyuz continued ferrying Russian crews to the Salyut and Almaz orbital stations, as well as it performed several solo flights and the historic docking with the US Apollo spacecraft in 1975.
		In the early scenario of "circumlunar" flight, the Soyuz would be actually a three-part spacecraft assembled in the low-Earth orbit from elements launched onboard individual launch vehicles.
		The Soyuz T version of the spacecraft flew its first manned mission in 1980, and since 1986 the Soyuz TM modification of the spacecraft has been delivering crews to the Mir space station.
	www.spacescience.ir /Soyuz.htm (2772 words)

	Soyuz 9
		Soyuz 9 paved the way for the Salyut space station missions, investigating the effects of long-term weightlessness on crew, and evaluating the work that the cosmonauts could do in orbit, individually and as a team.
		Commander Andrian Nikolayev and flight-engineer Vitali Sevastyanov spent eighteen days in space conducting various physiological and biomedical experiments on themselves, but also investigating the social implications of prolonged spaceflight.
		In orbit, they had sacrificed some of their exercise time for the sake of carrying out their scientific work, and their bodies' reactions to the prolonged weightlessness emphasised the importance of maintaining regular exercise.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/so/Soyuz_9.html (208 words)

	Soyuz Radio Systems
		Simplex voice was probably the most common but as we know from the observations of Chris van den Berg duplex was also possible with reception of AM voice from the ground on 22.205 MHz.
		For ASTP and Soyuz 22 the frequency 142.417 MHz was used for downlink FM voice so that 121.75 MHz could be used for inter-ship communications with Apollo-18.
		The ASTP vehicles (Soyuz 16, 19 and 22), 7K-TM, had these antennas at the midpoint of the outer edge of the solar panels.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /histind/Soyuz1Land/SoyRadio.htm (874 words)

	Starsem press releases
		The 1715th flight of a Soyuz launch vehicle was performed Monday, October 23, 2006 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 7:40 p.m.
		The 1712th flight of a Soyuz launch vehicle was performed Thursday, September 14, 2006 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 7:41 p.m.
		Today's latest success for Soyuz with Galaxy 14 clearly reflects the industrial capabilities of the Samara Space Center (prime contractor for the Soyuz launcher), as well as the availability of the Russian teams in charge of Soyuz operations, which are managed by the Russian Federal Space Agency.
	www.starsem.com /news/releases.htm (6608 words)

	Soyuz
		The Soyuz spacecraft was initially designed for rendezvous and docking operations in near earth orbit, leading to piloted circumlunar flight.
		After the self-destruction of the first Soyuz 7K-OK on re-entry, and the loss of the second one on the pad fire in December, the state commission ruled that the third 7K-OK model would be flown unpiloted on a solo mission.
		The Soyuz 2 crew were given the order to rendezvous with Soyuz 1 and to try during the planned EVA to unfold the undeployed solar panel.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/project/soyuz.htm (2813 words)

	Soyuz TMA-7 Information
		Soyuz TMA-7 is a Soyuz spacecraft which has been launched on October 1, 2005 by a Soyuz launch vehicle from Baikonur Cosmodrome.
		This was the last flight which is covered by the 1996 "balance" agreement that required the Russians to provide 11 Soyuz spacecraft to ferry joint U.S-Russian crews to and from the International Space Station.
		Further Soyuz flights needed a renegotiation between NASA and its Russian counterpart, and a modification of the Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2000.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Soyuz_TMA-7 (181 words)

	Soyuz 9
		Soyuz 9 is planned to launch at 24:00.
		The backup crews were to train in the Soyuz 9 spacecraft from 10:00, followed by the prime crew at 12:00, but Mishin didn't allow the backups to start until 11:00.
		Kamanin and the Soyuz 9 cosmonauts meet with Keldysh and Mishin to prepare for a press conference, to be carried live on television.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/soyuz9.htm (5019 words)

	Soyuz TMA-9 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soyuz TMA-9 transported two-thirds of ISS Expedition 14 to the space station along with one "spaceflight participant" who will perform several expriments on behalf of the European Space Agency.
		Soyuz TMA-9, known within the International Space Station program as ISS Soyuz 13, is the 32nd manned flight to the ISS.
		The capsule successfully launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on a Soyuz Rocket at 09:10 MDS (04:10 UTC) on Monday 18 September, and successfully docked with the ISS on Wednesday 20 September to begin a six-month stay on the orbiting laboratory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_TMA-9 (430 words)

	ESA - Launch vehicles - Soyuz
		The decision to develop the launch infrastructure to enable Soyuz to be launched from French Guiana is of mutual interest to both Europe and Russia and benefits from funding from the European Community.
		The Soyuz launch vehicle that will be used at Europe's Spaceport is the Soyuz-2 version called Soyuz-ST. This includes the Fregat upper stage and the ST fairing.
		The Soyuz rocket is the workhorse of the Russian human spaceflight missions and has been used for that purpose longer than any other spacecraft.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/Launchers_Access_to_Space/SEMQ5P57ESD_0.html (463 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Project Soyuz
		Different variants of the Soyuz spacecraft have been the mainstay of the Russian manned space program since 1967, when Soyuz 1 was launched.
		The flight of Soyuz 11 also ended in tragedy for the Russians when a vent in the Soyuz craft opened during the crew's return from a successful first mission aboard Salyut 1.
		Soyuz is basically a ferry craft to the Russian space stations, Salyut and Mir, and three major variants have flown, 40 of the original type, 15 of the Soyuz T type, and (through July 1996) 23 of the Soyuz TM type.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/soyuz.htm (233 words)

	Soyuz TMA-5 mission to the ISS
		The mission of the Soyuz TMA-5 spacecraft to the International Space Station in the fall of 2004, was originally intended to be a routine exchange of a rescue vehicle onboard the outpost.
		The Soyuz TMA-5 successfully docked to the Docking Compartment on the Russian segment of the ISS on Saturday October 16, 2004 at 0416 GMT.
		The reentry of the ISS Soyuz 9 spacecraft was flawless.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /iss_soyuztma5.html (1115 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Soyuz Flight Details 9
		The Soyuz serves as the emergency escape vehicle for the space station until such time as a permanent crew return vehicle is constructed and launched.
		One major difference between this flight and that of Dennis Tito in April 2002 aboard Soyuz TM-32, was that NASA was more receptive to Shuttleworth's visit to the space station and he underwent orientation training at the Johnson Space Center in Houston.
		The Soyuz TMA-1 craft was used by the ISS-6 crew to return to Earth on 05/03/2003, following the destruction of space shuttle Columbia and the grounding of the shuttle fleet in February 2003.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/soy-s01.htm (1078 words)

	Mission of Soyuz TMA-9
		The mission of the Soyuz TMA-9 (No. 219) spacecraft (the ISS mission 13S) in the fall of 2006 had a goal of delivering and returning the 14th long-duration crew to the International Space Station.
		2006 Oct. 10: The Soyuz TMA-9 undocked from the aft docking port of the Zvezda service module and after a 20-minute free flight, which took it as far as 35 meters from the station, re-docked to the nadir (Earth-facing) port of the Zarya FGB control module on the Russian segment of the ISS.
		The crewmembers of the Soyuz TMA-9 inside the cabin during a ride to orbit.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /iss_soyuztma9.html (3018 words)

	Apollo to the Moon -- Reference Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Soyuz 5 cosmonauts Yevgeni Khrunov and Alexei Yeliseyev transfer to Soyuz 4 in an emergency rescue rehearsal, leaving their fellow cosmonaut Volynov to return the Soyuz 5 spacecraft back to Earth alone.
		The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 successfully enter Salyut 1 and remain docked with the space station from June 7 to June 29.
		Soyuz 19 and Apollo 18 dock on the 36th orbit of Soyuz, remained in orbit together almost 6 days.
	www.nasm.si.edu /exhibitions/attm/nojs/timeline.html (3562 words)

	Soyuz-TMA 1 - 15 (7K-STMA, 11F732)
		The modified Soyuz TMA manned spacecraft has been developed on the basis of a Soyuz TM spacecraft in accordance with intergovernmental agreements between Russia and the USA and is an integral part of the International Space Station (ISS) Complex.
		The basic modifications of the Soyuz TM spacecraft are connected with implementation of requirements for enlargement of crew anthropometric parameter range up to the values acceptable for the American astronaut contingent, and with increase of crew protection level from shock loads by decreasing landing speeds and improving shock-absorption of its chairs.
		For implementation of the above requirements on the baseline Soyuz TM spacecraft the following basic modifications in layout, design and onboard systems of the descent module (DM) were made without increase of its dimensions:
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/soyuz-tma.htm (542 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Russian Soyuz ship docks with space station
		A Russian Soyuz spaceship docked with the International Space Station (ISS) on Wednesday, bringing the world's first female space tourist and a two-man crew to the orbiting outpost, the Mission Control near Moscow said.
		The Soyuz crewmembers were preparing to open the hatches between the station and the capsule and will enter the station in three to four hours.
		Russia's manned Soyuz ships and Progress supply ships had been the workhorse for the ISS during the long shutdown of the U.S. shuttle fleet, ferrying crews and supplies to keep the station ticking over for more than two years.
	english.people.com.cn /200609/20/eng20060920_304571.html (385 words)

	Interfax > Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Soyuz is carrying Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin, NASA astronaut Michael Lopez-Alegria and the world's first female space tourist Anousheh Ansari, Mission Control in Korolyov told Interfax.
		The Soyuz is to dock with the International Space Station at 9:28 a.m., Moscow time, on September 20," Mission Control spokesman Valery Lyndin said.
		The ISS is now being run by an international crew of the 13th main expedition, comprising Pavel Vinogradov of Russia, Jeffrey Williams of the United States and Thomas Reiter of Germany.
	www.interfax.ru /e/B/0/28.html?id_issue=11589437 (469 words)

	Soyuz U/Fregat - General Information
		The Soyuz 2 was planned to be introduced in 1996/97 but, due to funding shortage, its development and that of the Fregat stage were delayed well beyond the initial schedule.
		The second flight, on March 20, 2000, was a rehearsal of a standard Cluster 2 launch with a dummy mass.
		The launch of the two pairs of Cluster 2 satellites was successfully conducted ion July 16 and August 9, 2000.
	www.orbireport.com /Launchers/Soyuz_U-Fregat (333 words)

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