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	ESA - ESA Permanent Mission in Russia - Soyuz launch vehicle
		Soyuz was developed from the Vostock launch vehicle originally derived from the SS-6 ICBM, R-7A intercontinental ballistic missile.
		This was the first in an evolutionary series of launch vehicles beginning with the launch of Sputnik in 1957.
		Soyuz can be equipped with a Fregat upper stage with a fairing of 3.7 m diameter, developed by NPO Lavochkin, and also with an Ikar upper stage developed by TsSKB-Progress in Samara.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/ESA_Permanent_Mission_in_Russia/SEMAM1X4QWD_0.html (644 words)

	Soyuz spacecraft - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The spacecraft are launched by the Soyuz launch vehicle, as part of the Soyuz program and the later missions of the Zond program.
		The first unmanned launch of the Soyuz was on November 28, 1966.
		During the reentry of the second flight, Soyuz 11, the crew were killed when the capsule depressurised during the re-entry phase.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soyuz_spacecraft (1379 words)

	Starsem press releases
		The 1723rd flight of a Soyuz launch vehicle was performed Thursday, August 2, 2007 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 11:34 p.m.
		This was the eleventh Soyuz family mission in 2006 and the second mission using Soyuz 2-1a, an enhanced version of the Soyuz launch vehicle.
		The 1701st flight of a Soyuz launch vehicle was performed Thursday, September 8, 2005 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 7:07 p.m.
	www.starsem.com /news/releases.htm (9130 words)

	Soyuz Launch Vehicle Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		The Soyuz launch vehicle (Western designation: A-2) is an expendable launch system designed by the Korolev Design Bureau (Soviet Union) and used as the launcher for the manned Soyuz spacecraft, as part of the Soyuz program.
		Soyuz (in the new version Soyuz/ST) is also planned to be brought into ESA service in 2007 under a Russo-European joint venture.
		Soyuz rocket assembly - the first and second stages are mated together and can be seen in the background, third stage is in the lower left corner of the image.
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Soyuz_launch_vehicle (1034 words)

	Soyuz launch vehicle -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		However it is a general purpose launch vehicle with other uses, including launches of the (Click link for more info and facts about Progress cargo spacecraft) Progress cargo spacecraft and commercial launches marketed and operated by TSeEsKAbe and the Starsem company.
		The Soyuz will be carrying supplies and exchanging crew in the (Click link for more info and facts about International Space Station) International Space Station which the shuttle program would otherwise have provided.
		Soyuz (in the new version Soyuz/ST) is also planned to be brought into (Click link for more info and facts about ESA) ESA service in 2007 under a Russo-European joint venture.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/soyuz_launch_vehicle.htm (785 words)

	Soyuz Launch Vehicle - Russia and Space Transportation Systems
		The two-and-one-half-stage launch vehicle burns simple liquid oxygen and a form of kerosene.
		Two Soyuz-U launch pads are operational at the Baikonur Cosmodrome (Complexes 1 and 31) and three are available at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome (Complexes 16 and 43 left and right).
		A malfunction in the second stage of the 27 April 1993 flight led to the loss of its photographic reconnaissance payload (References 245-246).
	www.fas.org /spp/guide/russia/launch/soyuz.htm (534 words)

	Space Adventures — Soyuz-FG Launch Vehicle < Vehicles < Background Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Soyuz missions use the Baikonur Cosmodrome's proven infrastructure, and launches are performed by trained personnel with extensive operational experience.
		The assembled launch vehicle is moved to the launch pad on a horizontal railcar.
		Transfer to the launch zone occurs two days before launch, during which the vehicle is erected and a launch rehearsal is performed that includes activation of all electrical and mechanical equipment.
	www.spaceadventures.com /media/info/vehicles/soyuzfg (650 words)

	Soyuz launch vehicle
		The most used and reliable launch vehicle in the history of spaceflight.
		The two-stage Soyuz that presently transports cosmonauts and astronauts to the International Space Station is simply a more powerful variant of the original Sputnik launch vehicle, with a first stage derived directly from the R-7 ballistic missile (see "R" series of Russian missiles) and a two-engine second stage.
		It can lift up to 7,500 kg into low Earth orbit and, in addition to launching manned Soyuz spacecraft and unmanned Progress supply craft, has been used to launch a wide variety of scientific and military satellites.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/Soyuz_launch_vehicle.html (282 words)

	Soyuz-3 launch vehicle
		Yet, with the help of the European commercial launch industry, the Soyuz rockets got modest "makeover" during the 1990s and 2000s, paving the way to the historic decision by the European Space Agency to bring Soyuz rockets to its equatorial launching center in Kourou, French Guiana.
		Soyuz's promising career in the European commercial launcher fleet, prompted the RKK Energia, Russia's prime developer of the manned spacecraft, to consider launching its next-generation Kliper spacecraft on the "pumped-up" version of the Soyuz rocket.
		Not coincidentally, the Soyuz-3 proposals were made public almost simultaneously with final "go-ahead" to the construction of the Soyuz launch pad in Kourou and Russian-European negotiations on the joined development of the Kliper.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /soyuz3_lv.html (672 words)

	The Partnership - Appendix F (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Soyuz and Salyut were orbited by the SS- 6 and third stages of respectively greater power.
		A member of the Saturn launch vehicle family, the Saturn IB was conceived in 1962 as a more powerful (uprated) version of the Saturn I launch vehicle.
		Since some of the alloys used in the construction of the Saturn IB launch vehicle were known to be susceptible to stress corrosion, routine inspections had long been a standard procedure.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4209/appf.htm (1675 words)

	Soyuz Data Sheet
		The Soyuz launcher is the latest in a remarkable series of rockets based on Korolev's original R-7 (Semyorka).
		The Soyuz rocket is best known for boosting manned Soyuz and unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft into low earth orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, but many more have launched reconnaisance and scientific satellites from both Baikonur and from Russia's once secret Plestesk Northern Cosmodrome.
		The Soyuz launch vehicle and its payload are integrated horizontally in a hanger.
	www.geocities.com /launchreport/soyuz.html (840 words)

	Soyuz Spacecraft
		Soyuz ferry, 1972, to carry two spacesuited cosmonauts and equipment to and from the Salyut space station.
		Soyuz T ("transport"), 1979, a longer-duration vehicle to carry three spacesuited cosmonauts to and from the space station.
		Soyuz TM ("modified transport"), 1986, a further refinement to serve the Mir space station.
	www.nasm.si.edu /galleries/GAL114/SpaceRace/sec500/sec531.htm (233 words)

	SPACE.com -- Soyuz Launch to Station Likely to be Delayed
		Russian space officials said that very preliminary information, which was available shortly after the ill-fated launch, pointed to one of the engines of the strap-on booster of the launch vehicle as a source of the catastrophic malfunction.
		RKK Energia, a Russian company, which is scheduled to launch a manned Soyuz spacecraft to the ISS on Oct. 28, confirmed that these plans were on hold pending the investigation of the Plesetsk failure.
		Launch and land on a weightless flight from NASA's Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center on Nov. 5.
	space.com /missionlaunches/soyuz_update_021017.html (809 words)

	Soyuz 7K-T/A9
		On 4 July Soyuz 14 docked with the Salyut 3 space station after 15 revolutions of the earth.
		Soyuz 15 was to conduct the second phase of manned operations aboard the Salyut 3 military space station, but the Igla rendezvous system failed and no docking was made.
		Soyuz 23 was to have docked with the Salyut 5 space station but its long-distance rendezvous system failed.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craft/soy7kta9.htm (447 words)

	SPACE.com -- Starsem To Launch 32 Communication Birds
		The Russian-built Soyuz ST launch vehicle is expected to deliver 32 satellites for the SkyBridge communication constellation.
		Although 11 Soyuz ST boosters would normally deliver packs of three satellites each, and would be capable of launching 33 of the 40 spacecraft, SkyBridge chose to launch only 32 on Soyuz, so that the remaining group would include an even number of spacecraft.
		The first launch of a Soyuz ST rocket with a SkyBridge payload is expected in the second half of 2002.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/business/starsem_deal_000412.html (678 words)

	Spacecom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		The Soyuz is launched from the Baikonour Cosmodrome in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is the largest Russian (and former USSR) Cosmodrome.
		Since the Columbia lost, the Soyuz is used to flown all the astronauts to the ISS.
		The Soyuz is a three stages launch vehicle.
	www.spacecom.co.il /amos2launch/launch_sub4.html (292 words)

	CNN.com - One dead as Russian Soyuz blows up - Oct. 16, 2002
		The 300-tonne unmanned Soyuz-U launch vehicle exploded 29 seconds after take-off from Russia's Arctic Plesetsk cosmodrome late on Tuesday, its blazing debris showering onto the launchpad, a spokesman for the Emergency Situations Ministry said.
		The Soyuz booster, used for putting manned and unmanned craft into orbit, is one of the oldest Russian space vehicles.
		Tuesday's launch was designed to place a satellite research laboratory into space, with some of the equipment on board supplied by the European Space Agency.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/10/16/russia.soyuz (648 words)

	Alphabetic Index - a
		Angara 3A - Orbital launch vehicle - Russia
		Angara 5A - Orbital launch vehicle - Russia
		Ariane 5 RRL - Orbital launch vehicle - France
	www.astronautix.com /alpha/alpndexa.htm (9204 words)

	ASTP
		Check-out of the Soyuz space craft's on-board systems which had been modernized to meet the requirements of the 1975 joint flight in accordance with the programme of the Soviet-United States experiment; conduct of scientific and technical investigations.
		Soyuz 19 initial orbital parameters were 220.8 by 185.07 kilometres, at the desired inclination of 51.80°, while the period of the first orbit was 88.6 minutes.
		On the 150-meter phase of the experiment, light from a Soyuz port led to a misalignment of the spectrometer, but on the 500-meter pass excellent data were received; on the 1,000-meter pass satisfactory results were also obtained.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/project/astp.htm (1357 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Destination Mars \| Russian Soyuz rocket
		Vehicles in this family, which launched both the first satellite and first man into space, have been credited with more than 1670 launches to this date.
		The Soyuz is a reliable, efficient, and costeffective solution for a full range of missions from LEO to Mars.
		The four boosters are assembled around the central core and are tapered cylinders with the oxidizer tank in the tapered portion and the kerosene tank in the cylindrical portion.
	spaceflightnow.com /mars/marsexpress/030528soyuz.html (1436 words)

	INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		The launch objective is to deliver necessary cargoes to the International Space Station (ISS) to continue operation of the Orbital Complex and create habitation and working conditions for the crew under the ISS Mission Program and the Russian Side's commitments under the ISS Project.
		Moscow Time, the transporter with the Soyuz-U launch vehicle and the Progress M-50 spacecraft left the Assembly and Testing Facility and arrived to the launch pad for the final pre-launch processing.
		Orbital module of the Soyuz-U launch vehicle, containing Progress M-50 spacecraft was transported from the spacecraft processing facility for the general integration with LV.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/iss/iss09/progress-m-50/photo_archive-progress-m-50.html (194 words)

	The Wrong Stuff - A Catalogue of Launch Vehicle Failures
		Shortcomings in the guidance system lead to the vehicle not anticipating the true effects of hoizontal wind-shear once the mountains surrounding the launch site were cleared.
		Launch vehicle failed to orbit - unknown cause.
		Erroneous firing of launch escape tower ignited launch vehicle on the pad.
	astronautix.com /articles/thelures.htm (2645 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Launch Vehicle
		It is one of the most reliable launch vehicles in the world, with a 98% success rate.
		The entire launch vehicle, with its payload, is then transported by rail to the launch pad, where it was vertically erected over a large flame deflector pit.
		The Soyuz carrying the Cluster II spacecraft was launched from Pad 6.
	clusterlaunch.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=1983 (716 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Launch Vehicle
		The launch window is open from 26th October until 25th November 2005.
		Soyuz was first launched in November 1963 and 1683 have been flown as of 13 October 2003.
		The Soyuz launch vehicle comprises a lower composite and upper composite.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=33954 (352 words)

	Soyuz - Summary
		The Russian Soyuz launch vehicle evolved out of the original Class A ("Sputnik") ICBM designed by Sergei Korolev and his OKB-1 design bureau (now RSC Energia).
		From the early 1960's until today, the Soyuz launch vehicle has been the backbone of Russia's manned and un-manned space launch fleet.
		Work is underway to develop the Soyuz 2 and Soyuz Fregat - upgraded versions of the current Soyuz and Molniya vehicles.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/elvs/soyuz_sum.shtml (159 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| 1660th successful launch of Soyuz
		The 1,660th successful flight of a Soyuz launch vehicle took place on Friday, July 20 from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia.
		This was the 6th Soyuz mission in 2001 and the 64th successful launch in a row associated with the Soyuz family of launchers.
		Starsem is the Soyuz Company, bringing together all key players involved in the production, operation and international commercial marketing of the world's most versatile launch vehicle.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0107/20soyuz (269 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		June 27, 2002/Satnews/ — Starsem, the Soyuz company, announced today the 1670th flight of a Soyuz launch vehicle took place successfully on Wednesday, June 26, 2002 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
		This was the 5th Soyuz mission in 2002 and the 74th successful launch in a row associated with the Soyuz family of launch vehicles.
		Soyuz sustained launch rate confirms its position as one of the world's primary launch vehicles.
	www.satnews.com /stories2/1july2002-3.html (202 words)

	Your Daily Briefing Of Satellite
		According to Arianespace, an inaugural flight of the improved vehicle is planned in 2007 from a new launch pad that currently is under construction at the Spaceport in French Guiana.
		The launch marks a major step forward in the Soyuz evolution program and the next step will be the introduction of the Soyuz 2-1b, according to the European Space Agency.
		This will be made possible through the “Soyuz at CSG” ESA program, which encompasses the development of a Soyuz launch complex on the territory of Sinnamary and participation in the Soyuz 2-1b development.
	www.satnews.com /stories11/802.htm (313 words)

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