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Topic: Soyuz spacecraft

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	The Soyuz spacecraft
		An "abbreviated" version of the Soyuz spacecraft, designated L1, was developed for a circumlunar mission launched by the Proton rocket.
		Accordingly, the Soyuz was re-tailored for the role of a ferry, capable of delivering a crew of three to the orbital outpost.
		The reentry capsule of the Soyuz spacecraft, known by its Russian acronym as "SA." is the only section of the vehicle, which returns to Earth at the end of the mission.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /soyuz.html (1084 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Soyuz spacecraft
		The spacecraft are launched by the Soyuz launch vehicle, as part of the Soyuz program and the later missions of the Zond program.
		In the Command Module of the Apollo spacecraft there were 6 cubic metres of living space for a mass of 5000 kg; the Soyuz provided the same crew with 9 cubic meters of living space, an airlock, and the service module for the mass of the Apollo capsule alone.
		A modified version of this spacecraft flew on Soyuz 13 where instead of the docking system was a large Orion 2 astrophysical camera for imaging the sky and Earth.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Soyuz_spacecraft (1368 words)

	Soyuz
		The manned Soyuz spacecraft was originally conceived by Sergei Korolev in 1961 as a component of the “Soyuz complex” that also included unmanned booster modules and orbiting fuel tankers and was geared toward a manned mission to the Moon (see Russian manned lunar programs).
		Three-man missions involving a Soyuz modified by the removal of large fuel tank at the rear of the instrument module (not needed with the abandonment of the Moon plan) and the addition of a new docking system with a hatch to allow cosmonauts to transfer to a space station without a spacewalk.
		Soyuz 11 docked with the station normally but its crew was killed during reentry when a valve opened suddenly and allowed all the air in the descent module to escape.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/Soyuz.html (1251 words)

	NASA - Russian Soyuz TMA Spacecraft Details
		The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is designed to serve as the International Space Station's crew return vehicle, acting as a lifeboat in the unlikely event an emergency would require the crew to leave the station.
		The Soyuz spacecraft is launched to the space station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard a Soyuz rocket.
		The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is a replacement for the Soyuz TM, which was used from May 1986 to November 2002 to take astronauts and cosmonauts to Mir and then to the International Space Station beginning in November 2000.
	www.nasa.gov /mission_pages/station/structure/elements/soyuz/spacecraft_detail.html (1086 words)

	Soyuz spacecraft
		A modified version of this spacecraft flew on Soyuz 13 were instead of the docking system was a large Orion 2 astrophysical camera for imaging the sky and Earth.
		The Soyuz ASTP featured new solar panels for increased mission length, an androgynous universal docking mechanism instead of the standard male mechanism and modifications to the environmental control system to lower the cabin pressure to 0.68 atmospheres prior to docking with Apollo.
		The Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft is also heavily influenced by the design of the Soyuz, although, contrary to some media reports, it is not a derivative of the Soyuz.
	www.fact-index.com /s/so/soyuz_spacecraft.html (1028 words)

	ESA Human Spaceflight \| Users » Soyuz TMA Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Soyuz TMA-5, which is currently docked at the ISS for use as an emergency lifeboat for the ISS permanent crew, will be the spacecraft, which will bring Roberto Vittori back to Earth as part of the Italian Soyuz Mission.
		Soyuz spacecraft consist of three compartments: The utility or orbital module; the landing or command module; and the instrument assembly or service module.
		Soyuz rockets are equipped with a rescue system in case of an accident during the two hours before and first minutes after launch.
	www.spaceflight.esa.int /users/index.cfm?act=default.page&level=11&page=iss01-sme-032 (733 words)

	Soyuz spacecraft with three ISS crew on board lands in Kazakhstan
		The spacecraft's landing was greeted with cheers at the Mission Control Center in Korolyov, near Moscow, where Kuipers' parents, fiancee and two daughters and Foale's wife and son attended the event.
		The Soyuz spacecraft had undocked from the ISS just over three hours earlier at 2052 GMT Thursday bringing back Foale and Kalery who had been aboard the ISS since October, as well as Kuipers who had just been in orbit since April 19.
		The Soyuz mission was the third to the ISS since the United States froze shuttle missions after Columbia disintegrated upon re-entry in February 2003.
	www.spacedaily.com /2004/040430104348.dggpe891.html (585 words)

	Soyuz Spacecraft
		The Soyuz 4 and 5 spacecraft docked in Earth orbit on Jan. 16.
		The Soyuz TM spacecraft ferried crews to the station and served as a "lifeboat." If the station main computer failed, the crew could use the spacecraft for power and life support.
		Soyuz TM is seven meters long and has a maximum diameter of 2.7 meters.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /soyuzspacecraft.html (490 words)

	Soyuz
		The 7K Soyuz spacecraft was initially designed for rendezvous and docking operations in near earth orbit, leading to piloted circumlunar flight.
		This station was based on the Soyuz 7K, but the descent apparatus and living module were replaced with a storage section for modular equipment (this would later be developed further as a free-flyer spacecraft for the giant MOK orbital complex 19K, finally resulting in the 1990 (!) autonomous spacecraft 19KA30 Gamma).
		Soyuz serial number 211 was the first built to the TMA configuration, with first flight planned for March 2003.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craftfam/soyuz.htm (7970 words)

	Soyuz spacecraft
		Several modifications of the 310-ton, 51.3-meter Soyuz rocket have been used to insert the Soyuz spacecraft into orbit.
		During launch and the atmospheric phase of the ride to orbit, the Soyuz spacecraft is completely covered by a payload fairing.
		In case of emergency on the station, the Soyuz can be sent up unmanned or piloted by a single cosmonaut to serve as a lifeboat; or be used as an unmanned cargo ship to return 250 kilograms from orbit.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /soyuz_flight.html (612 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Space Station Mission Report \| Russian Soyuz-TMA spacecraft
		The Soyuz-TMA spacecraft is designed to serve as the International Space Station's crew return vehicle, acting as a lifeboat in the unlikely event an emergency would require the crew to leave the station.
		This portion of the Soyuz spacecraft is used by the crew while on orbit during free-flight.
		The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is a replacement for the Soyuz TM, which was used from 1986 to 2002 to take astronauts and cosmonauts to Mir and then to the International Space Station.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /station/exp9/040415soyuztma.html (1417 words)

	SPACE.com -- ISS Crew Successfully Redocks Soyuz Spacecraft
		Expedition 10’s Soyuz TMA-5 spacecraft, with cosmonaut Salizhan Sharipov at the helm, pulls away from the ISS Pirs docking compartment during a 20-minute flight to redock the vehicle at the station’s Zarya control module.
		Tucked inside their Russian-built Soyuz TMA-5 spacecraft, pilot Salizhan Sharipov and his ISS Expedition 10 crewmate Leroy Chiao deftly moved the spacecraft from the station's Pirs docking compartment to a new berth at the Zarya control module, its final resting place for the remainder of the crew's six-month mission.
		Expedition 10's Soyuz relocation flight was the first port-to-port maneuver since ISS Expedition 4 crew Yury Onufrienko, Daniel Bursch and Carl Walz repositioned their Soyuz spacecraft on April 20, 2002.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/exp10_soyuz_redock_041129.html (477 words)

	Spacecraft - Soyuz
		Soyuz is the most-utilized manned spacecraft and is now into its third decade with a flight total comparable to the aggregate for Mercury, Gemini, Apollo and Shuttle.
		Soyuz has thus been transformed from a spacecraft with lunar pretensions to a dedicated space station ferry.
		Progress is derived from the manned Soyuz vehicle, but with the descent module replaced by a compartment for transporting up to 940 kg of propellants, other liquids and compressed gases for piping inot the station.
	www.braeunig.us /space/specs/soyuz.htm (1735 words)

	The flight of Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5
		But after the flight of Soyuz 3 the "chief designer" (now known to be V.P Mishin) told reporters that the next mission would involve the docking of two Soyuz craft and that "we are already prepared for a new launch" (2).
		Soyuz-4 (spacecraft #12) was launched from launch complex 31 at Baikonur on Tuesday, 14 January 1969 at 0730 UT (11) with cosmonaut Vladimir Shatalov on board.
		The spacecraft left eclipse at 0539 UT and the planned retro-fire was at 0548.49 UT. At about 0556 UT Volynov reported (to the ship off Africa?) that he had not had enough time to complete the maneuver.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /trackind/soyuz45/soyuz45.html (2574 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Space Station Mission Report \| Russian Soyuz-TMA spacecraft
		The Soyuz-TMA spacecraft is designed to serve as the International Space Station's crew return vehicle, acting as a lifeboat in the unlikely event an emergency would require the crew to leave the station.
		The Soyuz TMA spacecraft is a replacement for the Soyuz TM, which was used from 1986 to 2002 to take astronauts and cosmonauts to Mir and then to the International Space Station.
		In addition, the Soyuz TMA accommodates individuals as large as 1.9 meters (6 feet, 3 inches tall) and 95 kilograms (209 pounds), compared to 1.8 meters (6 feet) and 85 kilograms (187 pounds) in the earlier TM.
	spaceflightnow.com /station/exp9/040415soyuztma.html (1318 words)

	L1-1962
		It would then return, and a Soyuz L1 would dock with the rocket stack and be propelled toward the moon.
		The highest Soviet priority after the N1 large booster was a reliable spacecraft that allowed the crew to make re-entries at hyperbolic speeds - when returning from expeditions from earth orbit, the moon, or Mars.
		In this concept a large spacecraft was assembled in earth orbit by a Vostok-Zh (or Vostok-7) manoeuvrable manned satellite, piloted by a 'cosmonaut assemblyman'.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/l11962.htm (475 words)

	Russian Aerospace Guide - Soyuz Spacecraft History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Soyuz TM Mike Mackowski has done several original drawings showing the evolution of the Soyuz spacecraft.
		The main engines are rarely used since spacecraft are usually docked at the port (and not really trusted after many years of disuse).
		The Soyuz design was altered by replacing the capsule with a tankage section.
	home.comcast.net /~rusaerog/mikem/mikem.html (1104 words)

	ESA - Odissea Mission - ESA's Belgian astronaut on way to Space Station in new Soyuz spacecraft
		The hatch between the Soyuz spacecraft and the Space Station will be opened at 07:30 CET (06:30 UT).
		The crew are flying a new Soyuz TMA-1 spacecraft, a modified and updated version of the TM-34 Soyuz capsule currently attached to the Space Station.
		Soyuz Flight Engineer De Winne, the first Belgian astronaut to visit the Space Station and the first non-Russian ever to fly on the first flight of a new Russian vehicle, is the fourth European astronaut to visit the Station.
	www.esa.int /esaMI/Odissea_Mission_ENGLISH/ESAYUF8OS7D_2.html (420 words)

	Soyuz 1
		Air-drop and sea trails of the 7K-OK spacecraft are to be completed in the third and fourth quarters 1965, and first automated docking of two unmanned Soyuz spacecraft in space in the first quarter of 1966.
		There were delays in integrating the spacecraft in its fairing with the rocket, due to the much greater length of the Soyuz fairing and SAS abort tower (making the whole vehicle 46 m long).
		The drop of the Soyuz 1 mock-up at Fedosiya was cancelled due to the great likelihood of loss of the spacecraft and the low likelihood of obtaining any new data as a result.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/soyuz1.htm (14424 words)

	Soyuz Spacecraft :: فضاپيماي سايوز
		In the early scenario of "circumlunar" flight, the Soyuz would be actually a three-part spacecraft assembled in the low-Earth orbit from elements launched onboard individual launch vehicles.
		An "abbreviated" version of the Soyuz spacecraft, designated L1, was developed for the circumlunar flight onboard the Proton rocket.
		Since the end of 1960, the new version of the Soyuz spacecraft emerged, which would transport the crews to the Earth-orbiting space laboratories.
	www.spacescience.ir /Soyuz.htm (2772 words)

	Soyuz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Soyuz, like Apollo, is made up of three modules and measures nearly 8 m long and up to 2.7 m across.
		A Soyuz spacecraft and launch vehicle (left) on the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in central Asia.
		The Apollo spacecraft, (left) with docking module attached, pictured in orbit during the ASTP mission in July 1975.
	library.thinkquest.org /21008/data/intospace/soyuz.html (456 words)

	The Space Review: Soyuz to the Moon?
		Once the module and upper stage were in orbit, a Soyuz spacecraft that had completed its half-year stay at the ISS would undock from the station and dock with the logistics module.
		Several such spacecraft could be docked together there, Anderman suggested, creating a supply depot and perhaps the core of an eventual human base that would be used a staging point for missions to the lunar surface or beyond.
		While sending a Soyuz to the Moon might seem novel, Anderman noted that it had already been done, in a sense: In the late 1960s the Soviet Union sent several stripped-down unmanned Soyuz spacecraft, called Zond, to the Moon in a bid to beat the Americans.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/199/1 (1470 words)

	Soyuz Spacecraft Lands Safely in Kazakhstan
		The Soyuz mission is scheduled to be the last flight to the space station before the U.S. space shuttle resumes flight in late May.
		The Soyuz spacecraft, carrying a Russian, an American and an Italian, landed as expected in central Kazakhstan near the town of Arkalyk at 22:08 Universal Time after a planned separation from the international space station.
		Russian Soyuz spacecraft have been the only way of getting astronauts to and from the international space station since the Columbia space shuttle disaster two years ago.
	www.voanews.com /english/2005-04-25-voa1.cfm (353 words)

	New Soyuz Spacecraft/Crew Successfully Launched to ISS
		A Soyuz FG successfully launched Soyuz TMA 1 from Launch Complex 1 at Baikonur Cosmodrome at 03:11 UTC on October 30.
		The flight is expected to dock with the International Space Station (ISS) around 05:00 UTC on November 1, with the hatch between the Soyuz spacecraft and the Space Station expected be opened at 06:30 UTC.
		The Soyuz TMA manned transport spacecraft is a modification of Soyuz TM spacecraft, built by RKK Energia.
	www.spaceandtech.com /digest/flash2002/flash2002-086.shtml (835 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Space Stations Work"
		The Soyuz 11 crew was the first crew to live on Salyut 1 for 24 days; but tragically, they died upon returning to Earth.
		Further missions to Salyut 1 were canceled, and the Soyuz spacecraft was redesigned.
		Skylab was never meant to be a permanent home in space, but rather a workshop where the United States could test the effects of long-duration space flights (that is, greater than the two weeks required to go to the moon) on the human body.
	www.howstuffworks.com /space-station.htm (1163 words)

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