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	Challenger Space Shuttle Disaster: The Times Report - Sidebar - MSN Encarta
		Space shuttle flights had become a matter of routine for the American public only six years after a craft had first lifted off from Cape Canaveral in Florida.
		The 25th shuttle flight was scheduled to kick off the busiest year ever for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with a scheduled 15 flights, hastening the day when space flight would be possible for everybody.
		The disaster that befell that flight, however, as reported here in The Times of January 29, 1986, meant that there was not another shuttle flight for nearly three years.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /sidebar_1461500679/Challenger_Space_Shuttle_Disaster_The_Times_Report.html (166 words)

	Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster 1986
		Although the destruction of the Shuttle Challenger was caused by the hardware failure of a solid rocket booster (SRB) "O" ring, the human decision to launch was, in itself, flawed.
		Conceptually, the Space Shuttle was introduced during the crest of the successful Apollo mission.
		Globally, the Shuttle was sold as a partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA) and as a means to improve national and social relations by combining peoples of different nationalities, races and sexes who would serve as crew members.
	dssresources.com /cases/spaceshuttlechallenger/index.html (3270 words)

	Space Shuttle - MSN Encarta
		The space shuttle's external fuel tank is the only part of the launch vehicle that currently is not reused.
		The shuttle program was suspended for nearly three years for evaluation and modification following the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger in January 1986.
		During the period when the space shuttle fleet was grounded, hundreds of major and minor modifications (many of which were planned before the accident) were incorporated into the shuttle system.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580679_2/Space_Shuttle.html (1540 words)

	Space Shuttle Challenger disaster information - Search.com
		The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on the morning of January 28, 1986, at 11:39 EST, when Space Shuttle Challenger was destroyed 73 seconds into its flight (the 25th of the STS program and Challenger's 10th) due to the failure of an O-ring seal in the right solid rocket booster (SRB).
		Initial criticism was focused on the space shuttle external tank, manufactured by Martin Marietta at the Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, by NASA officials who immediately assumed that the fuel tank had failed and exploded.
		The Challenger accident happened because the aft field joint of the right SRB failed, allowing the pressurized hot gasses and eventually flame to "blow by" the O-ring and impact the adjacent external tank, causing structural failure.
	www.search.com /reference/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster (3421 words)

	Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster
		The Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster happend on Saturday 1st, February, 2003 and was the second Space Shuttle Disaster and the first shuttle lost on landing.
		Columbia was the oldest space shuttle in the fleet of four.
		It was the first space shuttle to be launched in Earth orbit in 1981.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceshuttle/columbia_disaster.html (690 words)

	The Shuttle Challenger Memorial - Arlington National Cemetery
		For the Challenger, the workhorse of the nation's shuttle fleet, this was to have been the 10th mission.
		The shuttle's main engines, after being cut back slightly just after liftoff, a normal procedure, were pushed ahead to full power as the shuttle approached maximum dynamic pressure when it broke through the sound barrier.
		The takeoff was delayed because space agency officials feared that during the first critical seconds of launching, icicles might fly off the service structure and damage the delicate heat-resistant tiles on the shuttle, which are crucial for the vehicle's re-entry through the earth's atmosphere.
	www.arlingtoncemetery.net /challengr.htm (3213 words)

	Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster
		NASA was under a lot of pressure to launch the Challenger in time so it would not delay other shuttle launches scheduled for later in the year.
		Even when the Challenger was launched, NASA was aware it had a few problems, but NASA knew they had those same problems before with other spacecraft and nothing went wrong.
		Even though it has been 14 years since the shuttle disaster, NASA still has not attempted to send anyone that is not a trained astronaut into space.
	library.thinkquest.org /J002040F/space_shuttle_challenger_disaster.htm (711 words)

	Challenger Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Unlike the Apollo mission, the Space Shuttle was approved as a method for operating in space, without a firm definition of what its operational goals would be (Ref pg.3).
		Globally, the Shuttle was sold as a partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA) and as a means to improve national and social relations by combining different nationalities, races and sexes to act as crew members.
		That is, the Shuttle engineering and management decisions were made to meet the needs of organizational, political, and economic factors as opposed to a single entity mission profile with specific goals (Ref, Ibid.
	frontpage.hypermall.com /jforrest/challenger/challenger_sts.htm (2874 words)

	The Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, 1986
		Kennedy Space Center in Florida was busy preparing the launch of the 25th space shuttle into space.
		The launch of Challenger had been delayed five times due to bad weather, January 28 was the coldest day that NASA had ever launched a shuttle.
		Challenger was traveling at a speed of Mach 1.92, at a height of 46,000 feet, when it blew up.
	www.jlhs.nhusd.k12.ca.us /Classes/Social_Science/Challenger.html/Challenger.html (2958 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster
		On 28 January 1986, the American space program suffered one of its greatest tragedies when the Space Shuttle Challenger was destroyed 76 seconds into the mission, killing all seven crew members.
		Most people believe this disaster was caused by a design flaw in the Shuttle's solid rocket boosters that was exacerbated by near-freezing air temperatures at the time of launch.
		Prior to Challenger, it was thought that any failure of the SRBs would occur at the moment of ignition and result in the catastrophic loss of the entire vehicle and launch pad.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/investigations/q0122.shtml (3022 words)

	Shuttle Orbiter Challenger (OV-99)
		Challenger, the second orbiter to become operational at Kennedy Space Center, was named after the British Naval research vessel HMS Challenger that sailed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during the 1870's.
		Challenger had been built with a simulated crew module and the forward fuselage halves had to be separated to gain access to the crew module.
		Two orbiters, Challenger and Discovery, were modified at KSC to enable them to carry the Centaur upper stage in the payload bay.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/resources/orbiters/challenger.html (553 words)

	7 myths about the Challenger shuttle disaster - Space News - MSNBC.com
		Claims that the disaster was the unavoidable price to be paid for pioneering a new frontier were self-serving rationalizations on the part of those responsible for incompetent engineering management — the disaster should have been avoidable.
		With Christa McAuliffe set to be the first teacher in space, NASA had arranged a satellite broadcast of the full mission into television sets in many schools, but the general public did not have access to this unless they were one of the then-few people with satellite dishes.
		Challenger itself was torn apart as it was flung free of the other rocket components and turned broadside into the Mach 2 airstream.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/11031097 (730 words)

	Space Shuttle Challenger disaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on the morning of January 28, 1986, at 11:39 EST, when Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated 73 seconds into its flight, owing to the failure of an O-ring seal in the right solid rocket booster (SRB).
		On July 28, 1986, Rear Admiral Richard H. Truly, NASA's Associate Administrator for Space Flight and a former astronaut, released a report from Joseph P. Kerwin, biomedical specialist from the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, relating to the deaths of the astronauts in the accident.
		In response to the commission's recommendation, NASA initiated a total redesign of the space shuttle's solid rocket boosters, which was watched over by an independent oversight group as stipulated by the commission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster (4855 words)

	Space Shuttle Challenger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger the 25th space shuttle mission, was set to be launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida at, 11:38am.
		Hopes ran high as many were lined outside to watch the Challenger being launched, the lift-off was being watched live on television for those who couldn't make it to the Kennedy Space Center.
		The Challenger was at a height of 46,000 feet when it exploded.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Agora/9806/challenger.html (417 words)

	The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster
		Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger.
		And perhaps we've forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle; but they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly.
		The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives.
	eightiesclub.tripod.com /id375.htm (635 words)

	The Crew of the Challenger Shuttle Mission in 1986
		The Challenger shuttle crew, of seven astronauts--including the specialties of pilot, aerospace engineers, and scientists-- died tragically in the explosion of their spacecraft during the launch of STS-51-L from the Kennedy Space Center about 11:40 a.m., EST, on January 28, 1986.
		The crewmembers of the Challenger represented a cross-section of the American population in terms of race, gender, geography, background, and religion.
		This was an enormously important mission, because it demonstrated the capability that NASA had long said existed with the Space Shuttle to repair satellites in orbit.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/Biographies/challenger.html (2047 words)

	Space Shuttle Challenger Accident FBI NASA Files
		Challenger, named after an American Naval research vessel that sailed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during the 1870's, joined NASA's fleet of reusable winged spaceships in July 1982.
		This Shuttle mission received greater attention, especially in American schools, due to the fact that a Concord, New Hampshire school teacher, Christa McAuliffe was onboard.
		The consensus of the commission appointed to investigate the accident and participating investigative agencies, is that the loss of the Space Shuttle Challenger was caused by a failure in the joint between the two lower segments of the right Solid Rocket Motor.
	www.paperlessarchives.com /challenger.html (682 words)

	National Geographic Channel :: Twenty Years After The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster, National Geographic Channel ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Instead, the Challenger flight marked one of the greatest tragedies in American space exploration when the shuttle exploded 73 seconds after liftoff, killing all seven crew members on board.
		Along with the human story behind the decisions, the technical reasons for the shuttle's failure are illustrated with computer-generated images that recreate how the shuttle exploded; deconstructing in slow motion exactly what went wrong, and why.
		It was a grave decision that would haunt the individuals involved for the rest of their lives, and forever tarnish the reputation of space agency.
	sev.prnewswire.com /television/20060109/CLM51609012006-1.html (641 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 28 \| 1986: Seven dead in space shuttle disaster
		The Rogers commission reported on the cause of the Challenger disaster in May. It found the explosion had been caused by a leak through a faulty seal or O-ring in one of the solid rocket boosters.
		The Challenger disaster was a severe blow to the American space programme.
		On 1 February 2003 the space shuttle Columbia exploded as it was attempting re-entry after a 16-day mission.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/28/newsid_2506000/2506161.stm (541 words)

	Challenger Accident
		NASA Kennedy Space Center "Challenger, the second orbiter to become operational at Kennedy Space Center, was named after an American Naval research vessel that sailed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during the 1870's.
		Appendix to the Roger's Commission Report on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident by R. Feynman from Middle of Nowhere "It appears that there are enormous differences of opinion as to the probability of a failure with loss of vehicle and of human life.
		The records of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident in the custody of the National Archives exist in several media - the electronic records (i.e., the computer-readable datasets) are in the custody of the Center for Electronic Records.
	www.fas.org /spp/51L.html (3783 words)

	Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster - "and for other purposes" a NASA music video essay Space Shuttle Video
		The Space shuttle in orbit, the space shuttle reentry, the space shuttle landing and the space shuttle launching.
		Not the Colombia disaster, not the Colombia space shuttle accident.
		NASA TV coverage of space shuttle launch, when will the shuttle land...space shuttle return to flight., return to flight video...spacehab, discovery sapce shuttle...international space station pics...space tribute movie..
	www.chrisvalentines.com /sts107/videoessay.html (300 words)

	Shuttle Challenger Disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The shuttle solid rocketboosters (or SRBs), are key elements in the operation of the shuttle.Without the boosters, the shuttle cannot produce enough thrustto overcome the earth's gravitational pull and achieve orbit.There is an SRB attached to each side of the external fuel tank.Each booster is 149 feet long and 12 feet in diameter.
		Exceptfor the increased scale of the rocket's diameter, this was theonly major difference between the shuttle booster and the Titanbooster.) The purpose of the O-rings is to prevent hot combustiongasses from escaping from the inside of the motor.
		To minimizethe gap and increase the squeeze on the O-ring, shims are insertedbetween the tang and the outside leg of the clevis.
	www.connix.com /~harry/shuttle1.htm (2790 words)

	American Rhetoric: Ronald Reagan -- Address to the Nation on The Space Shuttle "Challenger" Disaster
		Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger.
		But they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly.
		The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives.
	www.americanrhetoric.com /speeches/ronaldreaganchallenger.htm (637 words)

	Selected Congresional Hearings and Reports from the Challenger Space Shuttle Accident: Main Page
		Following the tragedy, a series of congressional hearings were held, including a joint hearing between the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House Science Committee (February 12); and a House Science Committee hearing on implications of the Columbia accident on NASA programs and budget (February 27).
		Space Shuttle Accident - (Hearing) U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space.
		Space Shuttle Oversight - (Hearing) U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space.
	www.gpoaccess.gov /challenger (536 words)

	Challenger Remembered
		EST on January 28, 1986, Space Shuttle Challenger lifted off from the launch pad 39B at Cape Canaveral's Kennedy Space Center.
		The 25th space shuttle launch received widespread attention because of the presence of Sharon Christa McAuliffe, who was to have been the first teacher in space.
		Viewers on the ground were initially alarmed by the puff of smoke, which was seen well before the solid rocket boosters were scheduled to separate from the space shuttle.
	www.space.com /news/spacehistory/challenger_rem_000128.html (387 words)

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